Key Matrix Research Articles

MODIFIKASI HILL CIPHER DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MATRIKS KUNCI ORTHOGONAL DAN TRANSPOSITION SUBSTITUTION LEFT RIGHT SHIFT (TSLRS)

Matrix is a collection of components arranged in rows and columns, concept of a matrix can be used in solving a problem related to cryptography. A mathematician named Lester Hill created a polyalphabetic cryptographic system called the Hill Cipher. Hill cipher is an algorithm that in its process uses a matrix with size (a × a) as the key matrix. The classic Hill Cipher has the disadvantage that the operation used is not complicated. In this study, the classic Hill Cipher will be modified by using an orthogonal matrix as the key matrix, as well as adding several other operations such as transposition, substitution, and bit shift. This study compares the performance of the traditional Hill Cipher and the modified Hill Cipher in terms of cryptographic techniques on data(text). This research was conducted by encrypting and decrypting the classic Hill Cipher and modified Hill Cipher using similar data (text). Furthermore, a simulation will be carried out using Matlab so that it can use data (text) with a larger size. The results obtained are Hill Cipher which has been modified using an asymmetric cryptographic system, that is in left-right shift process so that the matrix keys will be different when use for encryption and decryption. Because it uses a different key in the encryption and decryption process, thus increasing the level of difficulty in decoding the message.

Математическое моделирование интервальнозаданной системы управления движением искусственного спутника Земли в среде MatLab

The article discusses the features of studying complex intervals-given systems. An approach of point approximation of intermediate systems based on key matrices is proposed. Based on the proposed approach, a group of point matrices is obtained and, accordingly, a group of objects with conditions for applying the decomposition procedure, for which the conditions for studying dynamic properties, such as controlled and controlled for them, are set. The developed theoretical apparatus is designed for motion control systems of an artificial satellite of the Earth, for which a model is developed, represented by a system of differential equations with intervals, the key matrix method is applied and a fourpoint model is obtained. Modeling schemes were created for each process in the MatLab environment, modeling characteristics were obtained. A description of a multi-link system consisting of several movable models manufactured at the Center for Space Technology and Microgravity (ZARM) of the University of Bremen (Germany) is given. A mathematical model of the motion of this system has been created. The results of mathematical modeling of a motion control algorithm that ensures the movement of system elements along a given trajectory are presented. Several configurations of the system, ways of interaction of its elements are considered, the dependence of the system parameters on the motion parameters is investigated, the control accuracy is investigated.

Assessment of connective tissue metabolism in patients with head and neck malignancies treated with radiotherapy.

<br><b>Introduction:</b> Despite the use of highly specialized irradiation techniques in the treatment of head and neck tumors, it is still impossible to selectively destroy cancer cells without damaging normal structures, including connective tissue cells.</br> <br><b>Aim:</b> The aim of the study was to analyze the concentration of degradation markers such as collagen type I (carboxyterminal telopeptide of type I collagen; ICTP) and elastin (elastin-derived peptides; EDPs) as well as selected metalloproteinases (MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9) in patients with head and neck malignancies undergoing radiotherapy.</br> <br><b>Material and methods:</b> The test group consisted of 56 men, who underwent radical or palliative radiotherapy. The concentrations of ICTP, EDPs, MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9 were determined in three blood samples collected from patients prior to radiotherapy, immediately after its completion and 3 months after the therapy.</br> <br><b>Results</b>: Both radical and palliative radiotherapy contribute to a significant increase in the concentration of EDPs. At the time of healing of post-irradiation lesions, the level of EDPs was reduced in both groups. The ICTP concentration was not affected by radiotherapy. No significant differences were observed in the concentration of MMP-1 and MMP-2 before and after radiotherapy. Radical radiotherapy caused a statistically significant late reduction in the concentration of MMP-9. The lowest concentrations of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9 in the serum of patients qualified for palliative radiotherapy were recorded in a samples collected three months post-irradiation.</br> <br><b>Conclusions:</b> The degradation markers of key extracellular matrix structural proteins may be helpful tools in the objective assessment of radiation-induced injuries to the connective tissue.</br&gt.

Global event-triggered output-feedback stabilization for switched nonlinear systems with time-delay and measurement sensitivity

In this paper, the problem of adaptive event-triggered output-feedback stabilization is addressed for a class of switched nonlinear systems with time-delay and output measurement sensitivity. With the assistance of the dynamic high gain technology and a novel event-triggered control mechanism, we overcome the design complexities arising from unknown polynomial growth rate with respect to the output, unknown large measurement sensitivity, unknown time-varying control coefficient and time-delay. Then, an effective constructive method is provided to design switched observers and a common event-triggered controller. Through introducing two key matrix inequalities and constructing a common Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional, sufficient conditions are given to get rid of Zeno behavior, and ensure that all the signals are bounded and the closed-loop system states converge to zero under arbitrary switchings. Two simulation studies are conducted for verifying the effectiveness of proposed scheme.

Bufotalin Suppresses Proliferation and Metastasis of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cells by Promoting Apoptosis and Inhibiting the STAT3/EMT Axis.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a highly aggressive type of breast cancer and has a poor prognosis. As standardized TNBC treatment regimens cause drug resistance and tumor recurrence, the development of new TNBC treatment strategies is urgently required. Bufotalin is a bufadienolide isolated from the skin and parotid venom glands of the toad Bufo gargarizan, and has several pharmacological properties, including antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities. However, the anticancer effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of action of bufotalin in TNBC have not been fully studied. In the current study, we investigated the effects of bufotalin on the growth and metastasis of MDA-MB-231 and HCC1937 TNBC cells. Bufotalin potently inhibited the proliferation of both TNBC cell lines by promoting cell cycle arrest and caspase-mediated apoptosis. Furthermore, bufotalin effectively suppressed the migration and invasion of both TNBC cell lines by regulating the expression of key epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) biomarkers, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), and integrin α6. Notably, the anticancer effect of bufotalin in TNBC cells was associated with the downregulation of the signal transducer and activator of the transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling pathway. Collectively, our results suggest that the natural compound bufotalin may exert antiproliferative and antimetastatic activities in TNBC cells by modulating the apoptotic pathway and the STAT3/EMT axis.

Public RNA-seq data-based identification and functional analyses reveal that MXRA5 retains proliferative and migratory abilities of dental pulp stem cells

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSC) usually remain quiescent in the dental pulp tissue; however, once the dental pulp tissue is injured, DPSCs potently proliferate and migrate into the injury microenvironment and contribute to immuno-modulation and tissue repair. However, the key molecules that physiologically support the potent proliferation and migration of DPSCs have not been revealed. In this study, we searched publicly available transcriptome raw data sets, which contain comparable (i.e., equivalently cultured) DPSC and mesenchymal stem cell data. Three data sets were extracted from the Gene Expression Omnibus database and then processed and analyzed. MXRA5 was identified as the predominant DPSC-enriched gene associated with the extracellular matrix. MXRA5 is detected in human dental pulp tissues. Loss of MXRA5 drastically decreases the proliferation and migration of DSPCs, concomitantly with reduced expression of the genes associated with the cell cycle and microtubules. In addition to the known full-length isoform of MXRA5, a novel splice variant of MXRA5 was cloned in DPSCs. Recombinant MXRA5 coded by the novel splice variant potently induced the haptotaxis migration of DPSCs, which was inhibited by microtubule inhibitors. Collectively, MXRA5 is a key extracellular matrix protein in dental pulp tissue for maintaining the proliferation and migration of DPSCs.

Modifikasi algoritma Hill cipher dengan matriks kunci berupa matriks ketetanggaan

Cryptography is one of the parts in mathematics, especially applied mathematics. Cryptography is the science that studies how to secure information that we don't want others to know about the information we have. Based on the development of the times, cryptography is divided into two consisting of classical cryptography and modern cryptography. In this paper, the focus of discussion is on classical cryptography. Furthermore, there are many kinds of classical cryptographic algorithms, such as the Caesar cipher algorithm, the Playfair cipher algorithm, the Vigenere cipher algorithm, and the Hill Cipher algorithm. The focus of discussion in this paper is on the Hill cipher algorithm. The modifications made to the Hill cipher algorithm lie in its key matrix. In this paper, it will be shown how to encrypt and decrypt the message we want to send using the Hill cipher algorithm with the matrix being a adjacency matrix. In which case, the adjacency matrix itself is obtained from the representation of the graph. It is hoped that this algorithm can avoid crypt attacks, especially on ciphertext only-attack.Keywords: Hill cipher algorithm, cryptography, adjacency matrix, plaintext, ciphertextMSC2020: 94A60

Dual functions: A coumarin-chalcone conjugate inhibits cyclic-di-GMP and quorum-sensing signaling to reduce biofilm formation and virulence of pathogens.

Antibiotic resistance or tolerance of pathogens is one of the most serious global public health threats. Bacteria in biofilms show extreme tolerance to almost all antibiotic classes. Thus, use of antibiofilm drugs without bacterial-killing effects is one of the strategies to combat antibiotic tolerance. In this study, we discovered a coumarin-chalcone conjugate C9, which can inhibit the biofilm formation of three common pathogens that cause nosocomial infections, namely, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, with the best antibiofilm activity against P. aeruginosa. Further investigations indicate that C9 decreases the synthesis of the key biofilm matrix exopolysaccharide Psl and bacterial second messenger cyclic-di-GMP. Meanwhile, C9 can interfere with the regulation of the quorum sensing (QS) system to reduce the virulence of P. aeruginosa. C9 treatment enhances the sensitivity of biofilm to several antibiotics and reduces the survival rate of P. aeruginosa under starvation or oxidative stress conditions, indicating its excellent potential for use as an antibiofilm-forming and anti-QS drug.

A novel adaptive beamforming scheme for array signal data processing

When the desired signal data exists in the array received data or the steering vector has a mismatch problem, the current traditional adaptive beamformers will suffer from the effect of the desired signal cancelation phenomenon, resulting in a sharp decline in performance. To address the occurrence of desired signal cancelation, an improved matrix projection-based efficient beamforming method is proposed. Firstly, based on spatial partitioning (SP) technology, a significant projection matrix for interference-plus-noise space (INS) is constructed. Secondly, using the constructed key projection matrix, the sample data covariance matrix is projected into the INS to achieve the goal of suppressing the desired signal data information. Finally, the weight data vector is calculated by Capon beamformer. The proposed algorithm does not require an iterative search for the optimal solution, which has the advantage of a small amount of calculation. Simulation experiments have verified that the proposed method has significant advantages in suppressing the desired data signals. Especially when the desired data signal has large power, the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the proposed algorithm is better than that of the compared algorithms under the conditions of random directionality errors or local scattering errors between the desired signal and interference.

Proteomic Analysis of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Secretome in Comparison to Leukocyte- and Platelet-Rich Fibrin.

Secretomes of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are emerging as a novel growth factor (GF)-based strategy for periodontal and bone regeneration. The objective of this study was to compare the secretome of human bone marrow MSC (BMSC) to that of leukocyte- and platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF), an established GF-based therapy, in the context of wound healing and regeneration. Conditioned media from human BMSCs (BMSC-CM) and L-PRF (LPRF-CM) were subjected to quantitative proteomic analysis using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Global profiles, gene ontology (GO) categories, differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), and gene set enrichment (GSEA) were identified using bioinformatic methods. Concentrations of selected proteins were determined using a multiplex immunoassay. Among the proteins identified in BMSC-CM (2157 proteins) and LPRF-CM (1420 proteins), 1283 proteins were common. GO analysis revealed similarities between the groups in terms of biological processes (cellular organization, protein metabolism) and molecular functions (cellular/protein-binding). Notably, more DEPs were identified in BMSC-CM (n = 550) compared to LPRF-CM (n = 118); these included several key GF, cytokines, and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins involved in wound healing. GSEA revealed enrichment of ECM (especially bone ECM)-related processes in BMSC-CM and immune-related processes in LPRF-CM. Similar trends for intergroup differences in protein detection were observed in the multiplex analysis. Thus, the secretome of BMSC is enriched for proteins/processes relevant for periodontal and bone regeneration. The in vivo efficacy of this therapy should be evaluated in future studies.

Coalescent RNA-localizing and transcriptional activities of SAM68 modulate adhesion and subendothelial basement membrane assembly.

Endothelial cell interactions with their extracellular matrix are essential for vascular homeostasis and expansion. Large-scale proteomic analyses aimed at identifying components of integrin adhesion complexes have revealed the presence of several RNA binding proteins (RBPs) of which the functions at these sites remain poorly understood. Here, we explored the role of the RBP SAM68 (Src associated in mitosis, of 68 kDa) in endothelial cells. We found that SAM68 is transiently localized at the edge of spreading cells where it participates in membrane protrusive activity and the conversion of nascent adhesions to mechanically loaded focal adhesions by modulation of integrin signaling and local delivery of β-actin mRNA. Furthermore, SAM68 depletion impacts cell-matrix interactions and motility through induction of key matrix genes involved in vascular matrix assembly. In a 3D environment SAM68-dependent functions in both tip and stalk cells contribute to the process of sprouting angiogenesis. Altogether, our results identify the RBP SAM68 as a novel actor in the dynamic regulation of blood vessel networks.

A study on transient overvoltage caused by HVDC tie blocking in multi-rectifier systems

In a multi-rectifier AC-DC system the blocking of a HVDC tie can cause severe transient overvoltage problems, which may trip off the renewable energy sources, endangering the safe operation of the system. This paper shows that the blocking of a HVDC tie can introduce two types of transient overvoltage. For Type I overvoltage, which is caused by the surplus reactive power injection immediately after the blocking, a simple estimation formula is proposed. Suppression strategies that can decrease the key matrix are examined using a matrix-theoretic approach. The formula is applicable for system integrated with renewable energy sources and it has reasonable accuracy for overvoltage level of interest. To study Type II overvoltage, a reduced-order mathematical model is first derived with singular perturbation method. Then it is demonstrated that this type of overvoltage is due to the increase of transient electromotive force of synchronous machines, and an analytical calculation procedure is suggested. In addition, it is found that the voltage subsystem of a multi-rectifier system is an input–output monotonic system with nice order-preserving properties. Increasing the proportional gain constant of excitation system or choosing generators with large open-circuit transient time constant can monotonically decrease this type of overvoltage. The simulations of an actual large-scale multi-rectifier system in China are described to validate the introduced results.

Data Security Using Color Image Based on Beaufort Cipher, Column Transposition and Least Significant Bit (LSB)

One of cryptography algorithm which used is beaufort cipher. Beaufort cipher has simple encryption procedure, but this algorithm has good enough endurance to attack. Unauthorized people cannot break up decrypt without know matrix key used. This algorithm used to encrypt data in the form of text called plaintext. The result of this algorithm is string called ciphertext which difficult to understood that can causing suspicious by other people. Beaufort cipher encryption tested with avalanche effect algorithm with modified one, two, three and all key matrix which resulting maximum 31.25% with all key modification so another algorithm is needed to get more secure. Least Significant Bit (LSB) used to insert ciphertext created to form of image. LSB chosen because easy to use and simple, just alter one of last bit image with bit from message. LSB tested with RGB, CMYK, CMY and YUV color modes inserted 6142 characters resulting highest PSNR value 51.2546 on YUV color mode. Applying steganography technique has much advantage in imperceptibility, for example the image product very similar with original cover image so the difference can not differentiate image with human eye vision. Image that tested as much ten images, that consist of five 512 x 512 and five 16 x 16 image. While string message that used is 240, 480 and 960 character to test 512 x 512 image and 24, 48 and 88 character to test 16 x 16 image. The result of experiment measured with Mean Square Error (MSE) and Peak Signal Ratio (PSNR) which has minimum PSNR 51.2907 dB it means stego image that produced hood enough. Computation time calculation using tic toc in matlab resulting fastest value 0.041636 to encrypt 2000 character and the longest time is 4.10699 second to encrypt 6000 character and inserting to image. Amount of character and amount of multi algorithm can affecting computation time calculation.

A Novel Conservative Chaotic System Involved in Hyperbolic Functions and Its Application to Design an Efficient Colour Image Encryption Scheme

It is well known that, compared to low-dimension chaotic systems, three-dimensional chaotic systems have a wider parameter range, more complicated behaviour, and better unpredictability. This fact motivated us to introduce a novel image encryption method that employs a three-dimensional chaotic system. We proposed a novel three-dimensional conservative system that can exhibit chaotic behaviour involving hyperbolic functions. The dynamical behaviours of the proposed system are discovered by calculating Lyapunov exponents and bifurcation diagrams. Thereafter, we designed an image encryption method based on the proposed system and a 4×4 self-invertible matrix. A modified Diffie–Hellman key exchange protocol was utilised to generate the self-invertible key matrix Km employed in the diffusion stage. Our approach has three main stages. In the first stage, the proposed three-dimensional system utilises the original image to create three sequences, two of which are chosen for confusion and diffusion processes. The next stage involves confusing the image’s pixels by changing the positions of pixels using these sequences. In the third stage, the confused image is split into sub-blocks of size 4×4, and each block is encrypted by multiplying it with Km. Simulation findings demonstrated that the proposed image scheme has a high level of security and is resistant to statistical analysis, noise, and other attacks.

The Strategy Formulation of CV. Halo Art Semesta for the Development of Kriya Wood Craft Businesses

Today, business competition is getting sharper. New businesses are required to be ready and able to enter the market, able to compete, win, excel and survive. CV. Halo Art Semesta (CV. Harts) is a new company engaged in the creative economy sector, the woodcraft sub-sector. The company is developing a new product (NPD). The objectives of this research to identify the external and internal environment, analyze the factors that influence CV. Hart development strategy and determine the formulation of new product development strategy. The number of respondents was 8 respondents who are 2 wooden craft owners, 5 from internal firm, and a business expert. The research was conducted using the key success factor analysis tool, EFE matrix and IFE matrix to analyze internal and external factors, IE matrix to see where CV. Harts position, SWOT analysis to map and provide of alternative strategies and QSPM to formulate strategic priorities. Also given an Enterprise Architecture recommendation to determine the company's long-term plan. These seven alternative strategies are used to determine strategic priorities. The two highest priority strategies are (1) turbo charge Kumiko Islamic wood craft production and make it the core business, (2) maximizing marketing performance and improving the quality of HR production. The designs of the strategic architecture are also created to determine the company's long-term plans. The strategic architectural design is to lay the foundation of NPD in the first year, production and marketing channel maximization in the second year, improve production skills and get an injection of funds in the third year and achieve goals in the fourth year. Keywords: Architecture strategy, SWOT, QSPM, NPD, wood craft

STRIDE threat model-based framework for assessing the vulnerabilities of modern vehicles

Modern automobiles are becoming increasingly sophisticated with enhanced features. Modern car systems have hundreds of millions of lines of code, which increase the attack surface. To address this concern, this paper proposes a new cybersecurity analysis framework that complies with the ISO/SAE 21434:2021 standard. The framework uses the Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information disclosure, Denial of service, and Elevation of privileges (STRIDE) threat model, the Attack Tree Analysis (ATA) approach, and the Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS) as a key score exploitation matrix to rate identified potential threats. To evaluate, the framework was applied, to real-life scenarios, to examine the possible cyber threats in Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADAS). To assess, a tool was implemented to automate threat impact ratings, according to safety, operational, financial, privacy, and legislative metrics. It also automates attack feasibility ratings considering attack vectors, complexity, authentication, and risk level identification based on a five-by-five risk matrix. As a result, 199 potential threats were identified and addressed in, four targeted, ADAS-related use cases. For the Lane-Keeping safety-critical use case, as an example, five security requirements were elicited as countermeasures. These results show that ADAS in modern vehicles are vulnerable to cyberattacks.

Nonviral overexpression of Scleraxis or Mohawk drives reprogramming of degenerate human annulus fibrosus cells from a diseased to a healthy phenotype.

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is a major contributor to low back pain (LBP), yet there are no clinical therapies targeting the underlying pathology. The annulus fibrosus (AF) plays a critical role in maintaining IVD structure/function and undergoes degenerative changes such as matrix catabolism and inflammation. Thus, therapies targeting the AF are crucial to fully restore IVD function. Previously, we have shown nonviral delivery of transcription factors to push diseased nucleus pulposus cells to a healthy phenotype. As a next step in a proof-of-concept study, we report the use of Scleraxis (SCX) and Mohawk (MKX), which are critical for the development, maintenance, and regeneration of the AF and may have therapeutic potential to induce a healthy, pro-anabolic phenotype in diseased AF cells. MKX and SCX plasmids were delivered via electroporation into diseased human AF cells from autopsy specimens and patients undergoing surgery for LBP. Transfected cells were cultured over 14 days and assessed for cell morphology, viability, density, gene expression of key phenotypic, inflammatory, matrix, pain markers, and collagen accumulation. AF cells demonstrated a fibroblastic phenotype posttreatment. Moreover, transfection of SCX and MKX resulted in significant upregulation of the respective genes, as well as SOX9. Transfected autopsy cells demonstrated upregulation of core extracellular matrix markers; however, this was observed to a lesser effect in surgical cells. Matrix-degrading enzymes and inflammatory cytokines were downregulated, suggesting a push toward a pro-anabolic, anti-inflammatory phenotype. Similarly, pain markers were downregulated over time in autopsy cells. At the protein level, collagen content was increased in both MKX and SCX transfected cells compared to controls. This exploratory study demonstrates the potential of MKX or SCX to drive reprogramming in mild to moderately degenerate AF cells from autopsy and severely degenerate AF cells from surgical patients toward a healthy phenotype and may be a potential nonviral gene therapy for LBP.

Multi-scale characterization of the spatio-temporal interplay between elemental composition, mineral deposition and remodelling in bone fracture healing

Bone mineralization involves a complex orchestration of physico-chemical responses from the organism. Despite extensive studies, the detailed mechanisms of mineralization remain to be elucidated. This study aims to characterize bone mineralization using an in-vivo long bone fracture healing model in the rat. The spatio-temporal distribution of relevant elements was correlated to the deposition and maturation of hydroxyapatite and the presence of matrix remodeling compounds (MMP-13). Multi-scale measurements indicated that (i) zinc is required for both the initial mineral deposition and resorption processes during mature mineral remodeling; (ii) Zinc and MMP-13 show similar spatio-temporal trends during early mineralization; (iii) Iron acts locally and in coordination with zinc during mineralization, thus indicating novel evidence of the time-events and inter-play between the elements. These findings improve the understanding of bone mineralization by explaining the link between the different constituents of this process throughout the healing time. Statement of significanceBone mineralization involves a complex orchestration of physico-chemical responses from the organism, the detailed mechanisms of which remain to be elucidated. This study presents a highly novel multi-scale multi-modal investigation of bone mineralization using bone fracture healing as a model system. We present original characterization of tissue mineralization, where we relate the spatio-temporal distribution of important trace elements to a key matrix remodeling compound (MMP-13), the initial deposition and maturation of hydroxyapatite and further remodeling processes. This is the first time that mineralization has been probed down to the nanometric level, and where key mineralization components have been investigated to achieve a comprehensive and mechanistic understanding of the underlying mineralization processes during bone healing.

Therapeutic potential of melatonin in the intervertebral disc degeneration through inhibiting the ferroptosis of nucleus pulpous cells.

Ferroptosis, a novel type of cell death mediated by the iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, contributes to the pathogenesis of the intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). Increasing evidence demonstrated that melatonin (MLT) displayed the therapeutic potential to prevent the development of IDD. Current mechanistic study aims to explore whether the downregulation of ferroptosis contributes to the therapeutic capability of MLT in IDD. Current studies demonstrated that conditioned medium (CM) from the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages caused a series of changes about IDD, including increased intracellular oxidative stress (increased reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde levels, but decreased glutathione levels), upregulated expression of inflammation-associated factors (IL-1β, COX-2 and iNOS), increased expression of key matrix catabolic molecules (MMP-13, ADAMTS4 and ADAMTS5), reduced the expression of major matrix anabolic molecules (COL2A1 and ACAN), and increased ferroptosis (downregulated GPX4 and SLC7A11 levels, but upregulated ACSL4 and LPCAT3 levels) in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells. MLT could alleviate CM-induced NP cell injury in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, the data substantiated that intercellular iron overload was involved in CM-induced ferroptosis in NP cells, and MLT treatment alleviated intercellular iron overload and protected NP cells against ferroptosis, and those protective effects of MLT in NP cells further attenuated with erastin and enhanced with ferrostatin-1(Fer-1). This study demonstrated that CM from the LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages promoted the NP cell injury. MLT alleviated the CM-induced NP cell injury partly through inhibiting ferroptosis. The findings support the role of ferroptosis in the pathogenesis of IDD, and suggest that MLT may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for clinical treatment of IDD.

An artificial intelligence prediction model based on extracellular matrix proteins for the prognostic prediction and immunotherapeutic evaluation of ovarian serous adenocarcinoma.

Background: Ovarian Serous Adenocarcinoma is a malignant tumor originating from epithelial cells and one of the most common causes of death from gynecological cancers. The objective of this study was to develop a prediction model based on extracellular matrix proteins, using artificial intelligence techniques. The model aimed to aid healthcare professionals to predict the overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer (OC) and determine the efficacy of immunotherapy. Methods: The Cancer Genome Atlas Ovarian Cancer (TCGA-OV) data collection was used as the study dataset, whereas the TCGA-Pancancer dataset was used for validation. The prognostic importance of 1068 known extracellular matrix proteins for OC were determined by the Random Forest algorithm and the Lasso algorithm establishing the ECM risk score. Based on the gene expression data, the differences in mRNA abundance, tumour mutation burden (TMB) and tumour microenvironment (TME) between the high- and low-risk groups were assessed. Results: Combining multiple artificial intelligence algorithms we were able to identify 15 key extracellular matrix genes, namely, AMBN, CXCL11, PI3, CSPG5, TGFBI, TLL1, HMCN2, ESM1, IL12A, MMP17, CLEC5A, FREM2, ANGPTL4, PRSS1, FGF23, and confirm the validity of this ECM risk score for overall survival prediction. Several other parameters were identified as independent prognostic factors for OC by multivariate COX analysis. The analysis showed that thyroglobulin (TG) targeted immunotherapy was more effective in the high ECM risk score group, while the low ECM risk score group was more sensitive to the RYR2 gene-related immunotherapy. Additionally, the patients with low ECM risk scores had higher immune checkpoint gene expression and immunophenoscore levels and responded better to immunotherapy. Conclusion: The ECM risk score is an accurate tool to assess the patient's sensitivity to immunotherapy and forecast OC prognosis.