Kericho County Research Articles

Assessment of the Forms of Peer Counselling Providing Psychosocial Support for Mental Wellness of Students in Public Boarding Secondary Schools in Kericho County, Kenya

There is a widespread concern among stakeholders and the ministry about the mental wellness of learners in secondary schools. The role of peer counselling in the helping processes of their fellow students cannot be under rated in the modern life for their proper growth and development. The study therefore focused on Assessment of the Forms of Peer Counselling in Providing Psychosocial Support to Students in Public Boarding Secondary Schools in Kericho County, Kenya. The study objective was to explore the forms of peer counselling providing psychosocial support for mental wellness of students in boarding secondary schools. Social Cognitive theory by Albert Bandura and Social Development theory by Lev Vygotsky guided the study. Data was generated from 12 schools, among 398 students and 48 peer counsellors selected by simple random sampling. Additionally, 12 heads of guidance and counselling and principals were included. The study adopted pragmatic paradigm, used mixed method research approach. The data was collected using questionnaires, interview schedules and focus group discussion. The results of the study revealed that the forms of peer counselling in boarding secondary schools use the roles of befriending (74.0%), mediation (72.8%), mentoring (72.8%), tutoring (72.6%) and educators (72.3%) in their helping process. The study concludes that the forms of peer counselling in public boarding secondary schools has a positive influence in providing psychosocial support to the students. The study therefore recommended that schools should use peer counselling for the psychosocial support of the learners. Sensitization of principals, teachers and heads of guidance and counselling on the benefits of Peer counselling on students’ psychosocial support is essential.

Assessment of the Forms of Peer Counselling Providing Psychosocial Support for Mental Wellness of Students in Public Boarding Secondary Schools in Kericho County, Kenya

Assessment of the Forms of Peer Counselling Providing Psychosocial Support for Mental Wellness of Students in Public Boarding Secondary Schools in Kericho County, Kenya

Effectiveness and Usage of Various Modes of Public Participation in Kericho County, Kenya

In Kenya, devolution that is now around ten years old, gives a voice and a means to the population to participate directly in their affairs. The 2010 Kenyan Constitution prescribes public participation in public policy processes but the practicality of its implementation is complex and needs to be understood by research. This paper focused on the modes of participation available to the public in the development projects in Kericho County, Kenya. The study utilized a concurrent mixed research design. Quantitative data analysis was done using frequencies and percentages; while qualitative data was analyzed using thematic analysis. The study established that public participation in various modes was low. The various modes of public participation were; participation in budget preparation, attending diverse fora, scrutinizing records, electing project leaders, and attending seminars. The public- viewed through the lenses of the public choice theory- did not readily embrace the various modes of public participation to input into the political system- especially in this realm of development. This study recommends that the County Government of Kericho and non-state actors should develop strategize to overcome constraints imposed by the public choice theory on the public as the public input into the political system- and in particular- on the public development processes.

Teachers’ Perceptions of Social Factors Influencing Boy- Child Drop-Out Rates in Day Mixed Secondary Schools in Kenya

Despite the fact that the government of Kenya has introduced Free Primary Education (FPE) and Free Day Secondary Education (FDSE), many school going age boys have been dropping out of school. School drop-out for boys is a very serious issue not only in Kenya but also in the whole world. Although many studies have been carried out in other parts of Kenya, none has investigated the factors behind the increased dropout of the boy child in secondary education particularly in Kericho County. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the teachers’ perceptions on social factors influencing the boy-child’s drop-out in public mixed day secondary schools in Kericho County. The objective of the study was to examine teachers’ perceptions on the influence of social factors on boy child drop-out. The study used the descriptive survey research design. The study was guided by Gibson’s Theory of Direct Perception theory. The target population comprised of 210 form 4 class teachers. Multistage sampling was used during sampling whereby 136 Form four class teachers were sampled to participate in the study. Quantitative data was collected using a teachers’ questionnaires. Piloting of the teachers’ questionnaire was carried out to ensure reliability which was estimated using split-half reliability formula. Validity of the instruments was ascertained in relation to the set objectives. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The results of the study indicated that the selected social factors such as peer influence, family disputes, indiscipline and love relationships (F= 6.354, p< .05) influenced boy-child drop-out. A regression analysis revealed that social factors contributed 41.1% (R2 = .411) of the boys drop-out. Boys who dropped out of school are a threat to the society for lack of proper engagement. The results are significant to teachers, parents and students in addressing the factors that influence education retention among boys and they may come up with ways of curbing this drop-out problem.

Teachers’ Perceptions on School Based Factors Influencing Boy-Child Drop-Out Rates and Intervention Strategies in Secondary Schools in Kenya

The Government of Kenya has introduced Free Primary Education (FPE) and Free Day Secondary Education (FDSE), many school going age boys have been dropping out of school. School drop-out for boys is a very serious issue not only in Kenya but in the whole world over. Although many studies have been carried out in other parts of Kenya, none has investigated the school based factors behind the increased dropout of the boy child in secondary education particularly in Kericho County. The main purpose of this study was to investigate the teachers perception on the influence of school-based factors on boy child dropouts, The objectives of the study were; to examine teachers’ perceptions on the influence of school-based factors on boy child dropout and to find out the intervention strategies put in place to curb the increasing boy child drop-out in public mixed day secondary schools in Kericho County. The study used the descriptive survey research design.. The study was guided by the Bronfenbrenner’s Biosystems Theory. The target population comprised 176 principals of public mixed day secondary schools and 210 form four class teachers totaling to 386. Multistage sampling was used during sampling whereby 121 schools were sampled to participate in the study. A sample of 121 principals and 136 form four class teachers were selected purposively. Data was collected using teacher questionnaires, interviews and document analysis. Qualitative data was analyzed thematically and reported in narrations. Quantitative data was analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistics using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 24. The results of the study indicated that the school-based factors such as poor performance, teachers’ hostility, inadequate teaching and learning resources (F = 5.105, p < .05) influenced boy-child drop-out and the perceived interventions were confirmed. A regression analysis revealed that School based factors contributed 35.0% (R2 = .350) of the boys drop-out rates. The findings of the study can be used to provide useful information to the ministry of education policy makers on the implementation of workable strategies that can promote boys’ education. The results are significant to the teachers, parents and other stakeholders in addressing the factors that influence education retention among boys and ways of curbing the drop-out problem.

THE MODERATING ROLE OF PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL ON THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AFFECTIVE COMMITMENT AND EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IN SUPERMARKET CHAINS, IN KERICHO COUNTY

The stiff competition from both local and international players continues to cause unrest in the retail sector resulting to poor performance. This study sought to determine the moderating role of performance appraisal on affective commitment and employee performance in Supermarkets, in Kericho County. The study targeted 357 employees of all the Supermarkets in Kericho County. A sample size of 189 was determined using Yamane’s sample size formula and a stratified random sampling was utilized to select the actual respondents. Structured questionnaires were used to collect requisite data which were subjected to Hierarchical multiple regression for test of both direct and indirect effects of respective study variables. Study findings indicated that affective commitment (β = 0.975, p<0.0001) had a significant and positive effect on employee performance as evidenced by R2 of 0.63. The study found that performance appraisal significantly moderated the relationship between affective commitment and employee performance by improving the predictive power of the regression model from 62.7% to 95.4%. Organizations should put in place a fair, sensible and reasonable performance appraisal system to enable high performance in view of the positive moderating effect on the relationship between affective commitment and employee performance.

The Perceived Role of Parental Involvement in Secondary School Management: Implications for Student Counselling and Managerial Decision Making in Kericho County, Kenya

This research paper examined the perceptions of stakeholders regarding parental involvement in secondary school management and its implications for student counselling and managerial decision-making. ANOVA quantitative data analysis revealed that there was a significant difference in stakeholder perceptions of parental involvement in regularly checking and advising on syllabus coverage, while stakeholder perceptions were almost similar for parental involvement in counselling on open days, advising children on academic days, spiritual guidance, and dealing with deviant behaviour through counselling as indicated in the high F-values and low corresponding P-values at the 5% significance level. The findings suggest that school administrators who involve parents in school management decisions are likely to receive more support from parents, while those who do not involve parents may face resistance. Based on these findings, the study recommends that school administrators involve parents in the management of student counselling, as it can positively impact parental support and improve managerial decision-making. Future research can also explore other areas of parental involvement in other aspects of school management.

Performance Appraisal Management Faces New Challenges: The Dilemma Hindering the Flow of Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Londiani Sub-county, Kericho County, Kenya

Performance Appraisal Management Faces New Challenges: The Dilemma Hindering the Flow of Teachers in Public Secondary Schools in Londiani Sub-county, Kericho County, Kenya

Modeling of groundwater potential in Kericho County, Kenya, using GMS_MODFLOW

Groundwater is a major source of water supply in Kericho County, Kenya. However, this water source is threatened by the rise in the human population and climate change. Under these conditions, it is crucial to assess the sustainability of the groundwater resource in Kericho County. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the potential of groundwater in Kericho County, Kenya. Groundwater Modelling System (GMS) software was used to develop a conceptual model to aid in the assessment of groundwater. Results from calibration showed hydraulic conductivity values varying from 0.279 to 1.12 m/d, while the recharge rates ranged from 0.5 to 0.00022 m/d. Also, a predictive run was conducted in the calibrated model to examine the aquifer's response to abstractions under three different scenarios. Scenario 1 assessed the impacts of population growth on groundwater resources; scenario 2 evaluated the effects of climate change on groundwater; scenario 3 assessed the effect of population growth and climate change on groundwater in the study area. The results showed that excessive pumping rates interfere with the surface water and groundwater interactions. There was slight decline in constant head for location near the river. However, the recharge rate was higher than the abstraction, indicating that groundwater will remain sustainable as the primary source of water supply for the residents. In conclusion, the volumetric budget for the three scenarios shows that the aquifer has sufficient water supply to be used by the population despite the effects of climate change and population growth. Despite the availability of adequate water supply from the aquifer, there is a need for an effective and sustainable use of water from the aquifer, especially in the face of climate change and population increase.

Dietary Practices of patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis Attending Clinic at Kericho County Referral Hospital- Kenya

Introduction: Dietary practice is one of the major factors that influence the nutritional status of a pulmonary (PTB) patient. Feeding complications like lack of appetite, vomiting, and nausea, increase the chances of an individual not meeting their recommended dietary allowance (RDA) and being undernourished. Poor dietary intake leads to poor prognosis of TB which will in turn affect the nutrition status of the patient. The main aim of this study was to investigate dietary practices among PTB patients attending the TB clinic at Kericho County Referral Hospital (KCRH). Methods: The study adopted a cross-sectional descriptive design. Systematic random sampling was used to select study participants. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from PTB patients aged 18 years and above (N=175). Data were entered into Microsoft excel 2010 for cleaning and analyzed using SPSS version 24.0 software. Nutri-survey was used to analyze data on 24-hour recall. Ethical approval was sought from Kabarak University Research Ethics Committee (KUREC), research permits were sought from National Commission on Science, Technology & Innovation (NACOSTI) and research authorization was obtained from KCRH. Informed consent was obtained from all study participants before the commencement of data collection. Data were handled safely from the collection and analysis to storage. Results: The majority of PTB patients were male, aged between 21-30 years with secondary school education, and had had TB for 1-2 months. Consumption of macronutrients was average despite the relative availability of food sources for most households. Mean carbohydrate, protein, and fat intake was 300.2g/day & 279g/day, 75.1g/day & 63.8g/day, and 55.6g/day & 51.7g/day for male and female subjects respectively in each category. The mean energy intake was 2001.2 kcal/day and 1860 kcal/day for male and female subjects respectively which is below the RDA for TB patients based on ministry of health (MoH) recommendations. Results showed inadequate intake of micronutrients by study respondents. Most of the participants consumed an average of >4 meals per day. Study participants who had a high DDS (>6) mostly consumed cereals, oils & fats, vegetables as well as milk & milk products. Conclusion: Most of the participants had a diverse diet but did not meet their energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient requirements. Recommendation: Counselling on good dietary practices should be incorporated as one of the key interventions in the management of PTB. Nutrition support should be provided for PTB patients to meet their energy requirements. Keywords: dietary practices, dietary diversity, meal frequency, macronutrient, micronutrient

Predictors Associated with Double Burden of Malnutrition among Child-Mother Pairs in Kericho County, Kenya

In low-and middle-income nations, the double burden of malnutrition is a rising problem. It is unusual for an underweight child and an overweight mother to exist together in the same household because they both occupy a shared environment and have access to the same dietary patterns and habits. The aim of this study was to investigate the predictors associated with double burden of malnutrition among the child-mother pairs living in Kericho County. The research design employed was cross-sectional descriptive study. The target population was 346 comprising of a child- mother pairs within the six sub-counties within Kericho County. The research employed the multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method to obtain the target households. A pre-tested questionnaire collected data from socioeconomic demographic characteristics, nutrition status for mother (Body Mass Index,) child (BMI- Z-scores), food consumption and frequency. Data processing was done using Ms Excel, SPSS vs. 26.0 and Nutri survey 2005 software. Categorical variables were analyzed, while measures of central tendencies and dispersion were computed. The benchmark for the level of significance were at 0.05 alpha level (p<0.05. The results showed that majority of the respondents (57.6%) were between 36-49 years. The study findings also revealed that 18.9% of children were stunted, 11.5% wasted, 5.8% obese and 8.1% overweight. The study also found that 28.1% of mothers were overweight while 7.7% were obese and 16.9% were underweight. The variables: Weight of; mother’s age, weight and height, child’s age, gender and weight were significantly associated with double burden of malnutrition among child-mother pairs. The mother’s weight, height and age, the child’s weight, age and gender influences the nutritional outcomes which has an influence in controlling DBM. The study recommends that policy makers to review the Maternal, Infant and Young Child Feeding Nutrition (MIYCN) policy to take into consideration .....

The Relationship between Credit terms and Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Kericho County, Kenya

The Relationship between Credit terms and Financial Performance of Microfinance Institutions in Kericho County, Kenya

Classification and Socio-Economic Benefits of Agroforestry Systems in Soin Ward, Kericho County, Kenya

Agroforestry Systems (AFS) are integrated land use systems involving trees, agricultural crops, and animals simultaneously or sequentially, with the objective of sustainably increasing their total productivity per unit area. Despite strong literature evidence describing the benefits of agroforestry to livelihoods in other parts of the world, there is little information as such in Soin Ward of Kericho County, where sugarcane competes with tea as a major cash crop. This study aimed at classifying agroforestry systems and evaluating their socio-economic benefits in Soin Ward, Kericho County, Kenya. The study adopted a qualitative research design through the administration of pretested questionnaires on types of agroforestry systems, the scale of production, land utilisation, preference of trees and sugar cane varieties and their interactions with 384 respondents in lower, upper, and midland parts of Soin Ward. Four (4) classes of agroforestry systems were identified that comprised (48.2% agrosilvopastoral, 31.6% agrosilvicultural, and 20.2% silvopastoral); (16.2% protective and 83.8% productive); (45.7% subsistence and 54.3% commercial), and integrated farm-based agroforestry 47.4%, homestead (6.8%), animal farm (31.4%), dairy farm (1.4%), and forest land (13%) respectively. The majority of the respondents (42.7%) preferred Grevillea tree species for blending with sugarcane in a tree-sugarcane agroforestry system in comparison with cypress (29.4%), eucalyptus (15.1%), casuarina (12.6%), and calliandra (0.2%) respectively. Sixty (61.7%) plant trees along the boundary, 24% as woodlot, hedge raw (8.9%), intercropping/mixed (3.1%), and alley cropping (2.3%). Direct benefits from the identified agroforestry systems include; income (67.6%), food (8.3%), and employment (24.1%). Indirect benefits include provision of biofuel (21.9%), enhanced soil fertility (21.1%), bio drainage (20.4%), biodiversity conservation (19.4%), carbon absorption (17.2%), improvement of social amenities such as roads (27.2%), markets (25.8%), hospitals (19.3%), schools (18.5% and electricity (9.2%).Constraints faced by the agroforestry systems include; long waiting payback (39.2%), limited possibilities to sell products (28.3%), labour intensive (27.8%), and knowledge and technology gap (4.7%). Such results are useful for policy-making decisions towards afforestation and improved livelihoods in Kenya

Group Lending Mechanisms and Growth of Women Enterprises Funded by Kenya Women Finance Trust in Kericho County

Access to business finance is the backbone of small and medium enterprises’ success. Women have been involved in economic development in both developed and developing countries because of engaging in business activities that create employment and enhance livelihoods. Women in urban and rural obtain credit services through group formation rather than individual because of the challenges they face, such as lack of collateral. However, attaining financial inclusion through group lending has seen many women left out in this process due to the lending models and approaches utilised by these institutions. Previous studies have demonstrated that women may access financial credit from micro-finance institutions through a corresponding growth in women’s enterprises remains unknown. This study, therefore, sought to establish the relationship between group lending mechanisms and the growth of women enterprises funded by Kenya Women Finance Trust in Kericho County. Specifically, the study assessed the relationship between group characteristics and the growth of women’s enterprises funded by Kenya women’s finance trust. The study adopted a correlation research design with a target population is 636 members from 70 women enterprises in Kericho County. A sample of 245 women was selected using a stratified sampling technique. A questionnaire was used to collect primary data. Validity was determined through piloting, where the researcher compared the actual outcome against predicted responses. Reliability was determined using Cronbach’s alpha to examine the reliability, where a coefficient value of 0.895 was found and thus deemed reliable. Collected data was coded into a statistical package for social statistics version 23 and analysed through descriptive statistics and inferential statistical analysis. Data were presented as frequency tables, pie charts, and graphs. The study established that group characteristics had a significant effect on the financial growth of women enterprises funded by Kenya Women Finance Trust in Kericho County. The study concluded that group mechanisms through group characteristics had a significant effect on the growth of women. Therefore, the study recommended that the government should increase the amount of grants and loans offered to various business groups to improve access to credit to the group as well as encourage group loans in Micro-Finances Institutions

ICT Adoption and Performance of Tea Farmers Payment by Co-Operative Societies in Kericho County, Kenya

Purpose: The study seeks to establish Information and Communication Technology adoption and performance of tea farmer’s payment by Co-operative Societies in Kericho County that are privately owned with reference to Kericho County.
 Methodology: The study used quantitative and qualitative methodology to collect data, analyze and report findings regards to effect of Information and Communication Technology adoption and performance of farmer’s payment Cooperatives in Kericho County, Kenya. The study tested Technology of Diffusion Theory that goes hand in hand with Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to justify adoption of ICT has a significant impact to performance of farmers payment Cooperatives in Kericho County, Kenya. The study classified the target population into strata that is groups of 6 based on the villages with farmers that supply tea to 5 private owned tea factories in Kericho County. The total population used in this study was 828 farmers from 5 tea factories in Kericho County. A structured questionnaire was administered to 263 tea farmers who were divided based on 6 villages to collect primary data.
 Findings: The study findings indicated that mobile wallet, mobile banking security, quality content service provided by the mobile financial service providers and access to account information contribute positively to payment performance of privately owned tea cooperatives.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study recommends utilization of mobile wallet, mobile banking security, quality content service provided by the mobile financial service providers and access to account information to enhance performance of tea farmer’s payment by Co-operatives. This theory may be used by different Cooperatives regarding the utilization of the digital platform and how it can contribute to the maximization of profits in the organizations. It will facilitate individual researchers and scholars to identify gaps in the current research and carry out research in those areas, the work will also be used by academicians who will want to study similar area. Policy makers in the government and Cooperatives may use TAM theory to gain understanding on the effects of adoption of Information and Communication Technology has on performance of farmers payment Cooperatives. This remains instrumental in identifying areas that need reforms and in the making of policies that are favorable in the investment of ICT infrastructure in the country.

The relationship between integrated examination module and individual learner management in public secondary schools in Kericho County Kenya

This study examines the relationship between the integrated examination module and individual learner management in public secondary schools in Kericho County. The Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) and Data to Knowledge Process Model guided the study. The study used a correlation survey research design. The unit of sampling was the schools. The target population comprised 273 directors of studies (DOS) from 273 schools in Kericho County. Stratified random sampling was employed to obtain a sample of 140 DOS. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The reliability of the research question was determined using Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient, and it yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.74. The data collected were then analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using tables and narrations. The study established the respondents used the examination module to collect and analyse assessment data, with an overall mean of 3.56. The respondents also used the analysed data to manage individual learners, with an overall mean of 3.55. Further, the study established that there was no significant relationship between the examination module and individual learner management n (114) =0.391 p ˃ 0.05 = R² 0.07. The study recommended the introduction of compulsory and frequent compulsory courses on data management for all school staff members by the government and that measures be put in place to ensure that collected data is used to make a decision on individual learners.

The relationship between integrated examination module and individual learner management in public secondary schools in Kericho County Kenya

This study examines the relationship between the integrated examination module and individual learner management in public secondary schools in Kericho County. The Adaptive Structuration Theory (AST) and Data to Knowledge Process Model guided the study. The study used a correlation survey research design. The unit of sampling was the schools. The target population comprised 273 directors of studies (DOS) from 273 schools in Kericho County. Stratified random sampling was employed to obtain a sample of 140 DOS. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The reliability of each research instrument was determined using Cronbach’s Alpha Coefficient, and it yielded a reliability coefficient of 0.74. The data collected were then analysed with the use of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics and presented using tables and narrations. The study established the respondents used the examination module to collect and analyse assessment data, with an overall mean of 3.56. The respondents also used the analysed data to manage individual learners, with an overall mean of 3.55. Further, the study established that there was no significant relationship between the examination module and individual learner management n (114) =0.391 p ˃ 0.05 = R² 0.07. The study recommended the introduction of compulsory and frequent compulsory courses on data management for all school staff members by the government and that measures be put in place to ensure that collected data is used to make a decision on individual learners.

An Investigation of Church Based Peace Building Models in Selected Churches in Kericho County

Peacebuilding with all members of the community in view of stemming potential and existing tension has become a necessity. In majority of politically and ethnically instigated violence, such as in the Kenyan post-election violence of 2008 and 2017, the Church was a major player in peace building processes as well as in the reconciliation process. This paper endeavoured to explore the available peace building models adopted by the Church in Kenya since 2008. To attain the mentioned objectives, the study engaged the Fowler theory of faith development. This was a qualitative research that applied the use of interviews and Focus Group discussions in the collection of primary data while secondary data used in this research was acquired through the review of documents and other relevant literature in public libraries and Church archives. Purposive sampling techniques were used to identify respondents, and the data analysed using context analysis. The study established Peace building models used by the Church were Mounting of Humanitarian Response Model and Policy advocacy which were done through Dialogue, Seminars, Evangelism, Sports and cultural events. These approaches to some extent helped to mitigate tension and violence in the region. Youth mentorship programs by the Church contributed to instilling the values of unity, honesty, peaceful co-existence as well as self-reliance among youth in the region and the society at large. The study recommends that religious organizations such as the National Council of Churches in Kenya (NCCK) and leaders should pursue peace building by ensuring that justice to all is achieved through methods that have respect for the people and also allow for the restoration of relations that foster and seek to correct injustices in regard to the fundamental values of human rights. The Kenyan Church should join many other faith-based peace advocates who endeavour to put into practise the principles of their belief in a manner that enables the building of local, regional, nationwide, as well as global machineries favourable for peace.

Project-based Learning on History and Government KCSE Performance: An Evidence of Secondary Schools in Kericho County, Kenya

History and Government national academic results have been declining from 2016 to 2019 in Kericho County. The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of project-based learning and communication technology on History and Government performance in secondary schools in Kericho County. A descriptive survey research design was adopted. The study targeted 230 heads of departments, 503 History and Government teachers, and 2340 History and Government students. A purposive sampling technique was used to select 69 heads of departments and a simple random sampling technique was used to select 69 History teachers and 223 History students. The sample size was 361 respondents. Questionnaires, structured interviews, and observation schedules were used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse qualitative data. The data was presented in tabular form using frequencies, percentages, and inferential statistics. The study found that project-based learning assisted the students in being independent and able to ask questions, and teachers were able to give tasks and assess students with ease. It was strongly correlated with achievement in History and Government. The study concluded that project learning and inquiry learning assisted significantly in the achievement of History and Government. The study recommended that History teachers should integrate more than one project-based learning method since it has different benefits in both knowledge and skill to the learner.

Inquiry-Based Learning on History and Government KCSE Performance: An Evidence of Secondary Schools in Kericho County, Kenya

History and Government academic performance of secondary schools in Kericho has been declining as from 2016 to 2019 in Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education results have been declining. The examination aims to determine the influence of inquiry-based on History and Government performance in high schools in Kericho County. The research utilized a descriptive survey research design. A sample of 361 respondents from a target of 503 History teachers, 2340 History and Government students, as well as 230 heads of departments were selected using a stratified sampling technique. Questionnaires, structured interviews, and observation schedules were employed to obtain primary information. Evaluation of data were performed in the form of frequencies, percentages, mean, and Pearson Correlation. Inquiry-based learning was significant in the achievement of History and Government. This reduced cramming and increased the cognitive development of students. There was a considerable relationship the study concluded between inquiry-based learning and achievement of History and Government. It also recommended the government play a major role in ensuring the provision of teaching resources that would assist in the utilization of innovative learning methods