Indian State Of Kerala Research Articles

Optimization of SVR and CatBoost models using metaheuristic algorithms to assess landslide susceptibility

In this study, a landslide susceptibility assessment is performed by combining two machine learning regression algorithms (MLRA), such as support vector regression (SVR) and categorical boosting (CatBoost), with two population-based optimization algorithms, such as grey wolf optimizer (GWO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO), to evaluate the potential of a relatively new algorithm and the impact that optimization algorithms can have on the performance of regression models. The Kerala state in India has been chosen as the test site due to the large number of recorded incidents in the recent past. The study started with 18 potential predisposing factors, which were reduced to 14 after a multi-approach feature selection technique. Six susceptibility models were implemented and compared using the machine learning algorithms alone and combining each of them with the two optimization algorithms: SVR, CatBoost, SVR-PSO, CatBoost-PSO, SVR-GWO, and CatBoost-GWO. The resulting maps were validated with an independent dataset. The performance rankings, based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) metric, are as follows: CatBoost-GWO (AUC = 0.910) had the highest performance, followed by CatBoost-PSO (AUC = 0.909), CatBoost (AUC = 0.899), SVR-GWO (AUC = 0.868), SVR-PSO (AUC = 0.858), and SVR (AUC = 0.840). Other validation statistics corroborated these outcomes, and the Friedman and Wilcoxon-signed rank tests verified the statistical significance of the models. Our case study showed that CatBoost outperformed SVR both in case the models were optimized or not; the introduction of optimization algorithms significantly improves the results of machine learning models, with GWO being slightly more effective than PSO. However, optimization cannot drastically alter the results of the model, highlighting the importance of setting up of a rigorous susceptibility model since the early steps of any research.

Studies on identification of Garudapacha - An unfamiliar raw material used in Ayurveda formulations

Introduction: The raw drugs of mineral and metallic origin are exclusively classified into different groups. There are around 70 minerals and metals described in Rasashastra. There is a rare mineral called Garudapacha used in Kerala state of India, the details of which are scarce or rather not available. It is called as veluthagarudapacha, Palgarudapacha in Malayalam language and palgarudakallu, palgaruda and garudakallu in Tamil. A brief account of shodhana and marana is also mentioned for this mineral drug. The bhasma of Garudapacha is indicated in the conditions like asthisrava (leucorrhea), netraroga (Eye disorders), asthishosha (osteoporosis) and mutrakrichra (dysuria). Materials and methods: An attempt was made in this work to collect the samples of Garudapacha from different districts of Kerala. Collected sample was examined through selected physical properties of minerals. The sample was also analysed using Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM EDS). Results: Two samples of Garudapacha could be collected one each from Palakkad and Thiruvananthapuram districts of Kerala state. On examination the sample was massive, compact, brittle, translucent to opaque, white stone, with white streak, Pearly to dull luster, flat to conchoidal fracture, 2.5 to 3.5 Hardness and 2.9 to 3 specific gravity. SEM EDS analysis showed presence of magnesium, carbon, calcium and silica. Discussion and conclusion: From the physical appearance and other mineralogical features the collected sample was identified as Magnesite a carbonate of magnesium with a chemical composition of MgCO3. It was further affirmed while the sample was subjected to instrumental analysis. There was presence of magnesium, carbon and silica among which 28.74% magnesium and 6.89 % was carbon.

Adenocalymma alliaceum: An Overview

Adenocalymma alliaceum, commonly known as Garlic Vine or Lahsun bel, is an herbal shrub belonging to the family Bignoniaceae. It is native to northern Brazil and the Amazon rainforest, and certain species can also be found in the Chhattisgarh, Kerala states of India. This evergreen plant is highly valued for its ornamental qualities, with bright green leaves and tri-colored blooms that emit a distinct garlic-like fragrance. It grows up to 6-8 feet in height and is popular for landscaping purposes. The plant has various pharmacological activities that have been studied particularly in the management of diabetes mellitus. The bark, leaves, stems, and roots of Adenocalymma alliaceum contain a range of bioactive compounds that have been used to treat different diseases and disorders. Phytoconstituents such as diallyl disulfide and diallyl trisulfide are major chemical constituents of the plant, exhibiting antimicrobial, antihyperlipidemic, antifungal, and antimycotic activities. These properties make Adenocalymma alliaceum a promising source for the development of allopathic drugs. While the plant has traditional and cultural significance, it has also gained attention for its potential therapeutic properties. However, it is important to note that although it is used as a folk medicine in local communities, it is not extensively mentioned in published books or literature. In summary, Adenocalymma alliaceum is an intriguing natural resource with a rich cultural heritage and significant pharmacological potential. Further research and exploration of this plant may uncover additional therapeutic benefits and contribute to the development of novel drugs and treatments.

Risk and vulnerability analysis of road network in landslide prone areas in Munnar region, India

Catastrophes like landslides have the potential to impair critical transportation infrastructure, particularly road networks. The hilly regions in the state of Kerala in India are particularly prone to hazards and changing climate conditions. During the monsoon season, landslides are common in the Western Ghats, and the intensity of adverse impacts is more severe due to its densely populated regions. The study area of this research is in Idukki district of Kerala, where over 60 % of the land is prone to landslides. The monsoon rains bring with them a slew of disastrous landslides in the region. Most of the roadways in the study area are often disrupted due to landslides. Landslide risk assessment (LRA) is a crucial component of research on adverse impacts of landslide. The use of Geographical information System (GIS) and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) using Analytical Hierarchical Process (AHP) for susceptibility mapping and hazard risk assessment assists in the identification of disaster-prone areas. The data collected by field surveys were used to confirm the study results and the high-risk zones of the region were identified and the risk maps are prepared for the region as well as for the road network in the region. The risk of landslides may be described as the possibility of negative repercussions on road network thereby adversely impacting the inhabitants of the region. The landslide risk assessment of the road network in a hilly region is carried out which gives important insights for risk management and for future planning of resilient development in the region. This study enhances the knowledge for management of road network risk and vulnerabilities in intricate hilly region settings by developing a thorough vulnerability analysis framework. The research advances by giving transportation engineers a useful quantitative tool for identifying the risk and vulnerabilities of road network and directing design strategies and mitigation measures to lessen the possible negative effects of disruptive events like landslides on road infrastructure. The research findings could be an input for policy makers to plan for alternative resilient strategies for landslide risk management in road networks. The rational methodology adopted here could be replicated for carrying out risk and vulnerability assessment in other landslide prone areas.

Do Sanitary Pads Improve Girls' Educational Outcomes?

Abstract Using a staggered installation of sanitary pad vending machines across schools in the Indian state of Kerala, we study the impacts of free monthly access to sanitary pads on girls' educational outcomes. We find that the number of dropouts among female students in the 7th-grade decrease by 24 percentage points and the attendance rate increases by 23 percentage points after the treatment. Our results are mainly driven by girls in backward-caste, rural schools, and public schools, supporting the idea that free distribution of sanitary pads alleviates cost of obtaining sanitary pads.

Polymorphisms in the Growth Hormone Gene and Their Association with Pre-pullet Body Weight in Kuttanad Ducks of Kerala, India

Background: Kuttanad ducks are dual purpose native ducks found in Kerala state of India. Identification of single nucleotide variations in candidate genes like growth hormone gene and exploring their association with body weight at grower and pre-pullet stages is essential for the marker assisted selection of breeder ducks for genetic improvement. Methods: Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples collected from 101 Kuttanad ducks. PCR-amplification of two duck growth hormone gene (dGH) loci viz, exon 3 and partial intron 3 (227 bp), exon 5 and partial intron 4 (366 bp) were undertaken using custom-synthesised primers. The 366 bp region was genotyped using Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism. The 227 bp region was genotyped using DNA pooling assay to yield a 139 bp product for subsequent High-Resolution Melting analysis. The association of dGH genotypic variants for these loci with fortnightly body weight at pre-pullet stages up to 16 weeks of age was analysed. Result: In the 366 bp fragment, GG and GA genotypes were revealed with one novel SNP (g 74G greater than A). The GG homozygotes had significantly higher body weight at all stages from two to 14 weeks of age (p≤0.01). A novel SNP (g 71A greater than G) was revealed at the 139 bp locus within the 227 bp region with three genotypes viz., AA, AG and GG. The GG homozygotes had significantly higher body weight at six, 14 and 16 weeks of age (p≤0.05). The study revealed that dGH polymorphic loci have jointly contributed to the variation in growth and hence can be used as markers for the primary selection of growers at sixth week of age followed by their secondary selection at 14-16 weeks of age during the multi-stage selection programmes for breeder ducks.

Access to the Banking Services for the Religious Minorities and other Marginalised Groups in Kerala State in India in the Digital Era: A Critical Review

Balanced and equitable growth is the hall mark of sustained economic development of nations that is coupled with the welfare and prosperity of all their citizens. This in turn requires special care and attention to the religious minorities, the poor and other marginalized, and all other disadvantaged social groups. Financial inclusion that seeks to ensure access to formal banking services is a vital need for financially empowering the religious minorities and such other marginalized as well as disadvantaged groups. In fact, ICT has added another dimension to financial inclusion and the overall empowerment of the poor and the marginalized including the religious minorities, especially in the present setting of growing affordability of ICT-based devices like mobile phones. In the above context, this paper makes a closer look into exposure of banks in Kerala for providing access to the minorities and other marginalized groups.

Antecedents of organic prosumption behaviour: examining the moderating effect of ease of organic prosumption practice

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to examine the moderating effect of ease of organic prosumption practice on the causal relationships between the antecedents of organic prosumption intention and organic prosumption behaviour of organic prosumers in India. Methodology / approach. The Theory of planned behaviour (TPB) is used to examine the intention and behaviour of engaging in organic prosumption. An empirical investigation was conducted among 128 organic prosumers in Kerala State in India. Data were collected using a survey instrument. Hypotheses were tested using PLS-based structural equation modeling using Smart-PLS software. Results. The relevance of the TPB model is confirmed with modifications in the present study in Indian context. Attitude towards organic prosumption, and perceived behaviour control together accounted for 35.7 % of variation in the organic prosumption intention, and subjective norms had no effect on intention of organic prosumers. Organic prosumption intention explained 48.1 % variation in organic prosumption behaviour. Ease of practicing organic prosumption significantly moderated all cause effect relations predicting intention and behaviour. In the context of increasing awareness on the benefits of organic farming and prosumption behaviour, the study provides a theoretical explanation for explaining why people engage in organic prosumption behaviour. Originality / scientific novelty. This paper examines the Theory of planned behaviour in the context of organic prosumption behaviour in agriculture. No literature exists in Indian context to explain such behaviour. Moreover, the perception of these farmers on the ease of practising organic prosumption is also examined as a moderator. Development of a theoretical model to explain organic prosumption behaviour in an Indian context is the novelty of the present study. Practical value / implications. Organic farming and prosumption has gradually gain wide acceptance as a sustainable way of life. The United Nations have also highlighted the need for sustainable practices in production and consumption. Thus, in the immediate future, governments across the globe will have to look into policy formulations in organic farming and prosumption practices. This paper can contribute towards such efforts by throwing light into how prosumption behaviour is formed, and what are the factors that contribute to and moderate such behaviour.

Determinants of Food Security Status of Agricultural Households: An Empirical Investigation from Kuttanad Wetland System in Kerala, India

Recent debates highlight that agriculture-based strategies can enhance food security. Thus, this article examined the incidence and determinants of food security of agricultural households in Kuttanad, a wetland region situated in the southern part of the state of Kerala in India. Towards this objective, we have collected food consumption data from households and converted them into an equivalent amount of calorie intake. Further, we define food security in terms of calorie adequacy using the minimum calorie norm of 1,800 kcal suggested by the Food and Agricultural Organization for India. Our empirical results reveal that 37% of the sample households are food insecure. The incidence of food insecurity is higher among poor sections like labour households, Antyodaya Anna Yojana (AAY), and Scheduled Castes families. Results of Probit regression show that below poverty line and AAY families are less likely to be food secure than above poverty line families. The purchase of cereals from the Public Distribution System is found to have a positive impact on the food security status of the households. Both farm income and non-farm income positively influence the probability of food security. The study concludes that there are impediments to realizing the linkages between agriculture and food security. JEL Classification: Q10, Q18, I32, C25

Surveillance of Nipah virus in Pteropus medius of Kerala state, India, 2023.

Since 2018, the Indian state of Kerala has reported four Nipah virus (NiV) disease outbreaks, raising concerns about NiV spillover from bats to the human population. Considering this, a cross-sectional study was undertaken in the Pteropus medius bat population around the Nipah virus-affected regions of Kozhikode, Kerala, India, during February, July, and September 2023. Throat swabs, rectal swabs, and organ samples were collected from bats to test for NiV using the real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), while serum samples were screened for anti-Nipah IgG antibodies through ELISA. An overall seroprevalence of 20.9% was observed in 272 P. medius bats tested. The throat and rectal swab samples of 321 bats were negative for NiV RNA. However, 4 of 44 P. medius bats tested positive for NiV in their liver/spleen samples. The partial N gene retrieved showed more than 99% similarity with the earlier reported NiV genome from Kerala state, India. The findings of the study caution that there is a spillover risk in the region and necessary precautions should be taken.

Impact of innovative leadership in achieving sustainable development goals: a study conducted among selected small-scale industry units in Kerala, India

The ability of a leader to inspire prodigious action in himself and those around him during periods of idea generation and innovation is known as innovation leadership. Innovative leaders may encourage those around them to make their big aspirations and creative ideas a reality. They are creative visionaries with huge dreams and innovative ideas. With sustainable development, business objectives can be achieved without compromising the resources required for future generations. It only concentrates on the expansion of resources to meet future needs over the long term. It is crucial to strike a balance between these two ideas because without sound leadership direction, social, human, and cultural progress cannot occur. This study attempts to provide a clear picture of the effects of innovative leadership on the achievement of sustainable development goals and the performance of the organisation. The sample units for this research are selected registered small-scale manufacturing entities from the Indian State of Kerala. This study shows a strong correlation between inventive leadership, long-term viability, and corporate success. Future studies in the field of innovative leadership will use this study as a model.

Assessment of spatiotemporal variability of ultraviolet index (UVI) over Kerala, India, using satellite remote sensing (OMI/AURA) data.

The spatial and temporal dynamics of daily ultraviolet index (UVI) for a period of 18 years (2004-2022) over the Indian state of Kerala were statistically characterised in the study. The UVI measurements used for the study were derived from the ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiance measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) of the AURA satellite and classified into different severity levels for analysis. Basic statistics of daily, monthly and seasonal UVI as well as Mann-Kendall (MK) statistical trend characteristics and the rate of change of daily UVI using Theil-Sen's slope test were also evaluated. A higher variability of UVI characteristics was observed in the Kerala region, and more than 79% of the measurements fell into the categories of very high and extreme UVI values, which suggests the need of implementation of appropriate measures to reduce health risks. Although the UVI measured during the study period shows a slight decrease, most of the data show a seasonal variation with undulating low and peak values. Higher UVI are observed during the months of March, April and September. The region also has higher UVI during the southwest monsoon (SWM) and summer seasons. Although Kerala region as a single whole unit, UVI show a non-significant decreasing trend (-0.83), the MK test revealed the increasing and decreasing trends of UVI ranging from -1.96 to 0.41 facilitated the delineation of areas (domains) where UVI are increasing or decreasing. The domain of UVI increase occupies the central and southern (S) parts, and the domains of decrease cover the northern (N) and S parts of the Kerala region. The rate of change of daily UVI in domain of increase and decrease shows an average rate of 0.34 × 10-5 day-1 and -2 × 10-5 day-1, respectively. The parameters (rainfall, air temperature, cloud optical depth (COD) and solar zenith angle (SZA)) that affect the strength of UV rays reaching the surface indicate that a cloud-free atmosphere or low thickness clouds prevails in the Kerala region. Overall, the study results indicate the need for regular monitoring of UVI in the study area and also suggest appropriate campaigns to disseminate information and precautions for prolonged UVI exposure to reduce the adverse health effects, since the study area has a high population density.

Perception of Prophylactic Root Canal Therapy for Teeth used as Abutments in Fixed Partial Dentures among Dental Surgeons in Maharashtra and Kerala: A Questionnairebased Cross-sectional Survey

Introduction: The pulps of healthy teeth used as abutments for Fixed Partial Dentures (FPD) undergo mechanical and thermal stresses during tooth preparation. The remaining dentin thickness, the heat produced during tooth preparation, and the permeability of dentinal tubules influence the severity of pulpal injury. Prophylactic Root Canal Therapy (RCT) could be an option to provide better outcomes for FPD treatment. Aim: To assess dentists’ perception regarding the need for prophylactic RCT of abutment teeth in FPD through a questionnaire. Materials and Methods: A Questionnaire based Cross-sectional Surve was conducted among 200 dental professionals in the Indian states of Kerala and Maharashtra over a period of two months. The participants included dental professionals from private clinics, dental Institutions, and postgraduate students in these states. The Chi-square test of proportion was performed to assess significant differences between each response. Results: Total 67 out of 200 practitioners, accounting for 33.5%, recommended prophylactic RCT, while 60 (30%) practitioners disagreed with it. A total of 152 (76%) practitioners suggested clinical assessment of abutment teeth before starting the tooth preparation. Total 70 (35%) practitioners had never experienced pulpal damage in abutment teeth in their clinical practice. In contrast, 127 (63.5%) practitioners experienced pulpal damage in less than half of the total cases, and 3 (1.5%) practitioners experienced failures like pulp necrosis or irreversible pulpitis in more than half of the total cases. Conclusion: Total 33.5% of the surveyed dental practitioners recommended prophylactic endodontic treatment for abutment teeth in FPDs. Implementing precise elective RCT guidelines into dental curricula was suggested as a potential avenue to enhance decision-making and improve patient outcomes by reducing the incidence of pulpal damage beneath FPDs.

OTT platform accessibility: a glimpse from the Indian State of Kerala

OTT platform accessibility: a glimpse from the Indian State of Kerala

Real Time Water Quality Monitoring of River Pamba (India) using Internet of Things

— All of Earth’s living things depend on food and clean water to survive. River water monitoring is essential for gathering the data required to manage water quality in the present as well as the future. In this research, the water quality of the Pamba River is monitored and analyzed using the Internet of Things (IoT) during the monsoon and summer seasons. The Pamba River is the third-longest river in the Indian state of Kerala and one of the primary sources of drinking water in Kerala’s Pathanamthitta and Alappuzha districts. In conventional systems, the monitoring procedure entails manually collecting water samples from various places, followed by testing and analysis in a lab. This is costly and time-consuming. With developments in sensors, communication, and the Internet of Things (IoT), monitoring water contamination has become more and more crucial in recent years and provides accurate data. The system collects information from IoT sensors to evaluate the quality of the water, including pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature changes, and other parameters. The relevant officials are alerted in the case of any variation, and all of this data is stored in the cloud. The system also ensures real-time water quality monitoring.

Lack of detection of SARS-CoV-2 in wildlife from Kerala, India in 2020-21.

Spillover of SARS-CoV-2 into a variety of wild and domestic animals has been an ongoing feature of the human pandemic. The establishment of a new reservoir in white-tailed deer in North America and increasing divergence of the viruses circulating in them from those circulating in the human population has highlighted the ongoing risk this poses for global health. Some parts of the world have seen more intensive monitoring of wildlife species for SARS-CoV-2 and related coronaviruses but there are still very large gaps in geographical and species-specific information. This paper reports negative results for SARS-CoV-2 PCR based testing using a pan coronavirus end point RDRP PCR and a Sarbecovirus specific E gene qPCR on lung and or gut tissue from wildlife from the Indian State of Kerala. These animals included: 121 Rhinolophus rouxii (Rufous Horsehoe Bat), six Rhinolophus bedommei (Lesser Woolly Horseshoe Bat), 15 Rossettus leschenaultii (Fulvous Fruit Bat), 47 Macaca radiata (Bonnet macaques), 35 Paradoxurus hermaphroditus (Common Palm Civet), five Viverricula indica (Small Indian Civet), four Herpestes edwardsii (Common Mongoose), ten Panthera tigris (Bengal Tiger), eight Panthera pardus fusca (Indian Leopard), four Prionailurus bengalensis (Leopard cats), two Felis chaus (Jungle cats), two Cuon alpinus (Wild dogs) and one Melursus ursinus (sloth bear).

Fimbristylis jaleeliana, a new species of Cyperaceae from Kerala, India

Fimbristylis jaleeliana, a new sedge species belonging to section Fimbristylis from Kerala State of India is described and illustrated with photographs. Description of new species with distribution, ecology and comparison with its allied taxa are provided.

Association Between a State-Level Fat Tax and Fast Food Purchases

India faces an increasing obesity problem, including in the Indian state of Kerala in which the fat tax was implemented but was nullified 11 months later. A fat tax, defined as a tax on unhealthy foods, may be associated with changes in food purchases and outcomes for multiple diet-related diseases. To investigate the association between the state-level fat tax and fast food purchases in Kerala, India. This cohort study analyzed a large-scale credit and debit card transaction data set and aggregated this sample at the account-year-month level of fast food purchases in Kerala state and 9 major cities in other Indian states (Ahmedabad, Bangalore, Bhubaneswar, Chennai, Delhi, Gurgaon, Kolkata, Mumbai, and Surat). Purchase records were obtained for January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017. The association between the fat tax and fast food purchases was examined using the difference-in-differences method. This analysis was initiated on December 1, 2022. The exposure was the fat tax. Kerala was the exposed group, and 9 major Indian cities were the control group. The main outcome was the fast food purchase ratio, defined as the proportion of fast food purchases of the total food purchases. Changes in the fast food purchase ratio were estimated in Kerala across the sample period and then compared with 9 major cities. The sample for analysis included 238 015 credit and debit card accounts, of which 36.7% were in Kerala and 63.3% were in 9 major cities. The cardholders included 191 603 males (80.5%) with a mean (SD) age of 36.6 (12.8) years. During the fat tax implementation (August 2016-June 2017), Kerala's fast food purchase ratio decreased by 3.9 percentage points (β [SE], -0.039 [0.002]; 95% CI, -0.042 to -0.036), compared with 9 major cities. After the fat tax was nullified, the fast food purchase ratio reduced by 5.6 percentage points (γ [SE], -0.056 [0.002]; 95% CI, -0.059 to -0.052) compared with 9 major cities and using the pretax period as the benchmark. Results of this cohort study suggest that the Kerala fat tax was associated with fewer fast food purchases. Food tax policies need to have an elaborate design, and related issues, such as social inequality, nutritional deficiency, and political concerns, need to be evaluated in future studies.

Social inequalities in IT sector: Evidence from Kerala State in India

In Kerala’s economy, information technology (IT) sector adorns a place of pride, Kerala being a state in India with the topmost literacy and a large share of technically qualified population. Kerala’s IT sector contributes significantly to the employment creation and also the foreign exchange earnings (FEEs) by way of software exports. As the long-term sustainability of any sector depends on equity and distributive justice among its employees, this study critically analyses the inequality among the IT sector employees at InfoPark in Kerala State in India. A sample survey methodology has been used in this study. Analytical tools like Gini co-efficient have been adopted in the study. The study has revealed clear inequalities among the IT sector employees in their career progression. Women, lower castes, certain religious minorities, etc., are the major sufferers, especially the SC/STs. The share of Muslims among the IT sector employees is low, and the inequality is the least. Based on the study findings, the paper suggests strategies for the sustained growth of IT sector.

Impact of Sustainable Development on Women Through Kudumbashree Units

Objective: Kudumbashree is a poverty eradication mission implemented by the State of Kerala in India. The objective of this study is to understand the impact of Kudumbashree units in Kerala on women's development and empowerment. Theoretical Framework: The study is based on the Kudumbashree initiative, a poverty eradication mission in Kerala, India. It operates as a neighbourhood-based self-help initiative, primarily focused on uplifting underprivileged sections of society, with a particular emphasis on women empowerment. Method: The study examines the development achieved by women through their participation in Kudumbashree units in Kerala. It assesses the socio-economic benefits gained by women, such as financial independence, acquisition of new skills, and expansion of knowledge and expertise in various business domains. Results and Conclusion: The study demonstrates that Kudumbashree units in Kerala have significantly empowered women. Women who participate in the Kudumbashree program experience socio-economic growth and contribute to higher levels of trust through their responsible engagement, participation, and active involvement. Implications of the Research: The research highlights the importance of initiatives like Kudumbashree in promoting women's development and empowerment. It emphasizes the socio-economic benefits that women gain through their participation and the positive impact on societal engagement and trust. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the understanding of the impact of Kudumbashree units. It sheds light on the comprehensive approach of Kudumbashree, supporting women in starting small businesses and achieving financial stability. The research highlights the significance of women's empowerment for overall societal development and provides insights for similar initiatives in other contexts.