Kepulauan Seribu Research Articles

Object-based image analysis (OBIA) for mapping mangrove using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) on Tidung Kecil Island, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta Province

Tidung Kecil Island is a conservation and mangrove cultivation area. Therefore, the potential of mangrove ecosystems on Tidung Kecil Island will have a direct role in coastal ecosystems. Accurate mangrove mapping is necessary for the effective planning and management of ecosystems and resources because mangroves function as protectors of ecological systems. The utilization of remote sensing technology that is near real-time can be used as an alternative in providing spatial data effectively. Mapping earth’s surface objects method is growing especially after the development of design, research, and production of flexible Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) platforms. The use of object-based classification methods is currently an alternative in classifying an object of the Earth’s surface using both satellite and aerial photo imagery data (orthophoto) that has a high accuracy value. This research aim is to map object based mangrove ecosystems using UAV technology on Tidung Kecil Island, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. The K-NN algorithm result was a good classification with 81.081% overall accuracy (OA) at the optimum value of the MRS segmentation scale 300;0,1;0.7 and divided into two classes which are mangrove and non-mangrove for 0.381 ha and 20.912 ha respectively.

Morphometric and genetic identification of a newly record pygmy seahorse Hippocampus denise in the Kepulauan Seribu reefs, Indonesia

The study was conducted to describe the seahorse species based on morphological and molecular characters. The pygmy seahorse in Panggang Island in Kepualuan Seribu was discovered in October 2011. The species was allegedly identified as Hippocampus denise (Family: Syngnathidae) described by Lourie and Randall which published in 2003. The high similarity is based on small morphometric, orange-like color and its association with sea fan Annella sp. Their habitat is fairly shallow at a depth between 13-24 meters compared with their sister species observed in Bali, Nusa Tenggara, and Sulawesi. The phylogenetic analysis constructed with several sequence data of Hippocampus spp. from Genbank shows that sample collected from Panggang Island is in the same clade with Hippocampus denise with 100% bootstrap value. BLAST analysis result also showed a high maximum similar identity (>99%) with the species Hippocampus denise. The seahorse specimen described in this study has a common typology of habitat with Hippocampus denise. This study shows that genetic analysis to determine the Hippocampus denise can be carried out to support species recognition, especially for cryptic species such as Hippocampus spp. There are variations in morphometric and habitat depth levels, indicating local adaptation of pygmy seahorses to the Kepulauan Seribu reefs.

Reef fish community on Sabira Island, Kepulauan Seribu Regency, DKI Jakarta

Sabira Island is an island close to Jakarta Province but still has good water conditions and a coral reef ecosystem with a high level of diversity. The condition of the coral reef ecosystem affects the community structure of the reef fish there. This study aims to determine the community structure of the reef fish on Sabira Island. The research was conducted in August 2019 on Sabira Island, Kepulauan Seribu Regency, DKI Jakarta Province. Observations of reef fish were carried out using the Underwater Visual Census method at four observation stations. There were 47 species of reef fish found on Sabira Island from 12 families. The total reef fish found were 1315 individuals, consisting of 79 indicator fish, 417 individual target fish, and 819 major fish. The highest diversity index value on Sabira Island was found at the South Station, with a diversity index value of 2.39. Based on the community structure index at the four observation stations, the reef fish community’s condition on Sabira Island is still good ranging from unstable to stable condition with moderate diversity and low dominance index values.

1000 HPK Parenting Promotion Program in Kepulauan Seribu 2018-2020: Reviewed from The Theory of Hafied Cangara Communication Strategy

This study aims to determine about 1000 HPK Parenting Promotion Program In Kepulauan Seribu 2018-2020: Reviewed from the Theory of Hafied Cangara Communication Strategy. This type of research is descriptive research using qualitative methods. Collecting data by conducting observations, interviews, and documentation. The communication strategy carried out by the Thousand Islands PPAPP Sub-Department refers to Hafied Cangara's theory, where in this case the communication strategy in the KIE promotion program for the Care of 1000 HPK is carried out through the first stage and then continues with planning, implementation, evaluation and reporting. The results showed that the communication strategy carried out in the 1000 HPK KIE Promotion Program was carried out through a 1000 HPK parenting training program directly face to face while practicing using the tools provided and online through webinars. In the process of implementing the program, referring to the 2018 National Priority Promotion Projection Technical Guidelines and KIE for the First 1000 Days of Life (HPK). According to Hafied Cangara's theory, the failure of the communication strategy of the 1000 HPK KIE Parenting Promotion Program for 2018- 2020 is the absence of a research process first carried out Kepulauan Seribu Sub-Department PPAPP. 1000 HPK 2018-2020. Thus, to realize the 1000 HPK Care KIE program 2018-2020 to the fullest, a process is needed before the program is implemented so that it is right on target and the community is enthusiastic about participating in the 1000 HPK Care KIE Promotion program.

Empowerment of the Fisherman Community Based on Local Wisdom in the Administration District of a Kepulauan Seribu DKI Jakarta Province

This study aims to find a new model of community empowerment based on local wisdom, natural capital and accelerated social capital with the duties and functions of district officials in providing public services, both formally and in terms of providing facilities and infrastructure (public goods), using qualitative descriptive methods. The information is determined by purposive sampling technique for competent parties to provide accurate information related to the problem. While the snowball technique is used on the policy object that has an impact. Interviews, Observations and Literature Studies are the techniques used in collecting data. Meanwhile, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing are qualitative data analysis techniques used in this study. The results of this study are it depicts the Empowerment of the Fisherman Community of the Kepulauan Seribu, Social Capital and Natural Capital to accelerate with easy access to public services and public goods to improve the quality of life and competitiveness. Regulating the use of natural resources with coral reef and mangrove ecosystems through zoning, so that they can manage tourism objects with different characteristics. Cultivating New Livelihoods due to the growing development of the fisheries, tourism, transportation, micro-trade businesses, services, and other employment opportunities along with the activities in the Kepulauan Seribu.

Influence of variability to coastline dynamic in the small uninhabited reef islands of Kepulauan Seribu

Small reef islands provide habitable land for coastal communities in many parts of the world. However, the small, low lying reef islands are commonly considered among the most geomorphically sensitive landforms to changes in sea level, wave processes, sediment supply and anthropogenic impacts. Kepulauan Seribu in the Java Sea comprise of numerous reef islands. By 2019, the islands chain is host to more than 24 thousand people. Kepulauan Seribu is affected by monsoon wind cycle. The monsoon wind also known to interact with an interannual phenomenon such as Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) which affecting regional and local wind circulation. This study aims to examine the reef shoreline response to seasonal and interannual climate variability using satellite data that encompasses yearly monsoon cycle and IOD event. Strengthens (weakens) of winds speed in the study area during the East (West) Monsoon, which in some year also coincides with a positive (negative) IOD event, are observed from 2009 to 2018 ERA - Interim by The European Centre for Medium - Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) data. This variability influences the shoreline shifting in the uninhabited reef islands of Kepulauan Seribu as identified based on satellite imagery analysis. More pronounce shifted of large sediment flux are perceptible on opposing monsoon which coincides with positive/negative IOD event. Small uninhabited reef islands have ecological and economical value. Hence, enhancing coastal resilience from erosion by using conservation-types approach should be taking into consideration. Ultimately, a good understanding of climate variability that controlled changes in beach systems of reef islands is important for adequate coastal management decisions.

Small island settlement planning in Panggang island, DKI Jakarta

Despite the fact that North Jakarta has been prompted as the new frontier of development with megaprojects, artificial islands, and large-scale infrastructures, little attention is paid to the development of small islands in Kepulauan Seribu, north of Jakarta, focused on Panggang island, one of the inhabited islands in Kepulauan Seribu, among Indonesia’s densest islands. There were the three challenges to the urbanization of small islands in the Jakarta megaregion, including: population growth, land availability and reclamation, and essential infrastructure provision. Through a participatory workshop with local authorities and communities, this paper proposed a model of sustainable settlement planning in Panggang Island, based on housing need assessment and spatial structure improvement to ensure the future settlement sustainability in Panggang island. To conclude, this paper critically reflects on the engagement process with local communities and the challenges in actualizing the settlement planning proposal in Pulau Pangang.

Community structure of sea cucumber on Harapan Island and East Penjaliran Island, Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Indonesia

Sea cucumbers are marine animals of the Holothuroidea Class that have ecological, health, and socioeconomic benefits. This study aims to determine the structure of the sea cucumber community on Harapan Island and East Penjaliran Island, Kepulauan Seribu National Park, Kepulauan Seribu Regency. Data collection was conducted in January 2020, where each island was divided into two stations, and each station was divided into three substations for data retrieval. The method is a quadratic transect method using a plot measuring 1x1 m. In each square plot, observations were made regarding the type and number of sea cucumbers found and water quality parameters, including salinity, temperature, pH, DO, and total organic matter. Observation parameters include diversity index, uniformity index, frequency, density, important value index, dominance, and sea cucumber distribution index. During the study, species found on Harapan Island include H. atra, H. scabra, H. leucospilota, Bohadschia marmorata, and Stichopus herrmanni. Meanwhile, species found on East Penjaliran Island include H. atra, H. leucospilota, H. coluber, H. pardalis, H. fuscocinerea, H. hilla, Bohadschia marmorata, Stichopus ocellatus, and Stichopus monotuberculatus. The most abundant and predominant species on both islands is Holothuria atra. The average diversity index on Harapan Island falls into the low category, while East Penjaliran Island is classified as medium. The dominance index of both islands is low and has a uniform distribution. Environmental conditions and sea cucumber exploitation affect the structure of sea cucumber communities on both islands.

Coastal Settlement Behavior Setting in Kampung Blok Empang, North Jakarta

The purpose of the study was to find out behavior setting and its elements in Kampung Blok Empang. Kampung Blok Empang which is located on the coast of North Jakarta has a port setting and is bypassed by tourist access to the Kepulauan Seribu, so it is interesting to know how the behavior setting in this village is. Data collection is done by field observation and secondary data. The approach used in this research is deductive-qualitative with the research variables in the form of behavior setting. The Behavior Setting in Kampung Blok Empang is shown by how the setting of the urban village located in the port area affects most of the relationships between physical objects and the behavior of residents in the village. The best performance of behavior setting in Kampung Blok Empang is shown in the open space because its milieu-behavior interdependency. It is shown by the repetitive behavior in this specific milieu. The spatial Pattern type is formed by the collective activity of residents and the sea condition. They were characterized by the repetitive activities within their economic and social aspects.

Bird Diversity in Rambut Island Wildlife Reverse Seribu Islands

Indonesia is one of the top priority countries in efforts to preserve biodiversity because it has the largest biodiversity in the world. Rambut Island Wildlife Reserve is a nature reserve area with a wetland ecosystem type. This study aims to analyze the diversity of bird species in the Pulau Rambut Wildlife Reserve area. This research was conducted in May-July 2021. The method used for this study was a literature study. The diversity of bird species on Rambut Island, Kepulauan Seribu is quite high, as indicated by 24 species of birds. The existence of the activities of the people of Untung Jawa Island is thought to have an influence on the diversity of bird species found on Rambut Island, Kepulauan Seribu. Therefore, the role of BTNLKpS managers is needed to maintain the preservation and diversity of bird species found on Rambut Island, Kepulauan Seribu.

Next-generation sequencing-based Actinobacteria community associated with Callyspongia sp. from Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park, Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract. Retnowati D, Solihin DD, Ghulamahdi M, Lestari. 2021. Next-generation sequencing-based Actinobacteria community associated with Callyspongia sp. from Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park, Jakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 3702-3708. Sponges are sessile benthic filter-feeding animals, which harbor numerous microbes. The enormous community and abundance of sponge-associated actinobacteria envisage sponges as hot spots of microbes. The metagenomic approach with Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology was used to investigate the actinobacteria community of Callyspongia sp. collected from Kepulauan Seribu Marine National Park, Indonesia. Fourteen actinobacteria families were found associated with the sponge. Among them, Microbacteriaceae was the most dominant family. The community of actinobacteria was higher than that of the culturable method from our previous study. The research showed that a metagenomic approach using NGS technology reveals better information regarding the actinobacteria community associated with Callyspongia sp.

Fishing Tourism Business Planning Strategy To Increase People's Income in Lancang Island, Kepulauan Seribu

Lancang Island is one of the islands in the Kepulauan Seribu Regency with the potential for tourism and fishing activities. Some residents of Lancang Island took advantage of the opportunity by establishing a fishing charter business. This study aims to provide a proper planning strategy for the tourist business unit to increase public income on Lancang Island. The fishing tourism business in Lancang Island includes four units such as Fishing Charter, Boat Rentals, Catering, and Accommodation. The data used are primary and secondary, and the research method is qualitative and presented descriptively. According to research using the BCG Matrix, the entire fishing charter units on Lancang Island are in the Cash Cow quadrant, so concentric diversification is a viable planning strategy. The planning strategies consist of product planning, market and marketing planning, and technology planning tailored to each business unit.

Development of Tourist Village with the Implementation of Experiential Landscape in Pari Island

Tourist Village is defined as integration between attractions, accommodation, and supporting facilities presented in a community life structure that integrates with applicable procedures and traditions. The purpose of the design of the Tourist Village is to make Pari Island play an economic generator that will help increase the rate of economic growth in Kepulauan Seribu. Moreover, the design of the Tourist Village also applies Experiential Landscape theory which aims to develop the potentials in Pari Island. The theory of Experiential Landscape covers aspects of the Center, Direction, Transition, and Area that will influence the design concept of the spatial zone of Tourist Village. The result showed that Tourist Village would be divided into several zones. Those zones are public, semi-public, private and service zones

Comparison of Hierarchical and Non-Hierarchical Methods in Clustering Cities in Java Island using the Human Development Index Indicators year 2018

The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite index to assess the developmental level of life quality in a particular region. In 2018, Java Island, which geographically has the most regencies/ municipalities in Indonesia, achieved human development with “high” status and was followed by all its regencies which have also achieved human development with “high” status. Therefore, research was carried out on how the characteristics inherent in the high HDI have been achieved in regencies on Java Island and grouping them so that it is easy to interpret regencies/ municipalities with homogeneous characteristics. This study used the hierarchical cluster method (single linkage, average linkage, and ward) and non-hierarchical cluster methods (K-Means and FCM). The results show that the best hierarchical cluster method is the average linkage method which forms four clusters where the regencies/ municipalities with the best characteristics (dimensions of education, health, and high purchasing power) are Kepulauan Seribu, Bogor, and 78 other regencies/ municipalities. Then, the best non-hierarchical method is the FCM method which forms two clusters, with a prominent characteristic is those city areas have better characteristics than district areas.

Microplastics as a sedimentary component in reef systems: A case study from the Java Sea

AbstractMicroplastic pollution has been reported from coral reef systems all over the tropics. Exposure to microplastics has several negative impacts on coral health, such as bleaching, tissue necrosis, or an impairment of the coral’s immune system. Despite this potential risk for reef systems, the controlling processes for microplastics dispersion and accumulation in reef sediments are still largely under‐studied. Presented here is a study of microplastics (125 µm to 5 mm) distribution in two tropic atoll reef platforms in Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia. Sediment samples were collected in different facies zones within the reef platform. Microplastics were concentrated using density floatation and characterized by light and scanning electron microscopy. Some particles were identified as polypropylene using micro‐Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. All recovered microplastics were classified as secondary microplastics, likely derived from marine and local sources, with fibres as the most abundant type. Microplastics are showing similar transport and accumulation behaviour as fine siliciclastic grains. The abundance of microplastic is controlled by the proximity to the source area of larger plastic debris and hydrodynamic processes. Microplastics are not only present in low energy environments but also high energy settings such as the reef crest. Processes that contribute to accumulation in reef sediments are biofouling, interlocking and the creation of compound grains. Microplastics are present in sediment close to the seafloor (0 to 3.5 cm) but also at depths between 3.5 cm and 7.0 cm. Microplastic particles from below 3.5 cm are unlikely to be remobilized under modal weather conditions in the studied equatorial reefs. Subtidal reef sediment therefore can be regarded as a permanent sink for microplastics. The study shows that microplastics in coral reef environments deserve careful consideration since microplastics pose an additional threat to corals and their ability as framework builders in reef systems.

Unravelling the pathway of macro and micro debris in the beach of uninhabited Semak Daun reef platform, Kepulauan Seribu

Marine debris is ubiquitous and possess threats to marine organism and ecosystem. Due to its small size, micro debris can be consumed by marine organism. Ingestion of micro debris including microplastic can be detrimental. We investigate the pathway of macro and micro debris in the beach of Semak Daun, an uninhabited island in the Kepulauan Seribu which is famous for tourism. Macro debris sampling was done in the intertidal and subtidal beach, covering both northern and southern part. Micro debris sampling was conducted in the northern part of intertidal beach, three replicate samples were gathered within a radius of 5 m. The most abundance macro debris in the study area were plastic cup and plastic wrap, most of them were found sinking in the seawater. Foam, potentially originated from camping mattress or footwear, composed as the most abundance micro debris. Beach sediment were seen filling the void on the foam surface, a feature that can facilitate density modification which generates foam to sink on the seafloor. Our finding implies that uninhabited island can be polluted by marine debris due to mismanaged waste from tourism. The fact that a large number of marine litters were found in subtidal beach should raise our concern, as hydrodynamic process potentially transported and accumulated them in lagoon or reef front. Further research is crucial to investigate the pathways of marine debris in the reef environment, the result is expected to provide knowledge on better waste management.

Introducing a Method for Calculating Carbon Emission Reduction on the Seagrass Ecosystem for Indonesia’s Low Carbon Development Initiative

The increase of anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) since the industrial revolution era affects the global carbon cycle and triggers climate changes. Indonesia has ratified the Paris Agreement and declared the emission reduction for climate action (Sustainable Development Goal 13) up to 29% (independently) or 41% (with international support) in 2030 relative to the business as usual (BAU) scenario. The effort to achieve this target is implemented on Low Carbon Development Initiative (LCDI) starting in 2020. LCDI adopts marine and fisheries as one of the implementing sectors that focus on blue carbon. To implement the activities as part of the carbon emission reduction within the LCDI, we have to establish a calculation method that should be measurable, reportable, and verifiable (MRV). The present article introduces the MRV method for calculating the carbon emission reduction for the Conservation/Protection Seagrass Ecosystem’s climate change mitigation activity on Marine Protected Area (MPA). We present how to calculate the baseline emission (business as usual), emission leakage when implementing the activity, and emission reduction. A case study on seagrass meadows of Kepulauan Seribu MPA is presented for the trial of the introduced method and formula. Using the proposed method is reliable enough to estimate carbon emission reduction from seagrass conservation activity within the MPA. We can calculate the carbon emission will reduce 4.35 tC relative to the BAU on Kepulauan Seribu MPA by 2030.

Benthic Habitat Mapping using Sentinel 2A: A preliminary Study in Image Classification Approach in An Absence of Training Data

Numerous approaches for deriving benthic habitat mapping from visible spectrums of remotely-sensed imagery have been widely used, but image classification without training data for remote benthic habitat remains a few. In many cases, the collection of the needed ground-truth data is often prohibitively expensive or logistically infeasible. This will prevent us from providing training data for image classification purposes. In this paper, we evaluated the accuracy of the classification of benthic habitat from Sentinel 2A imagery in an absence of training data in the optically shallow water of Pari Island, Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia. Benthic Habitat map was produced from geometrically, radiometrically, and water column corrected Sentinel 2A images. For water column correction, we performed Depth Invariant Index (DII) transformation. It was followed by the classification of Sentinel 2A imagery by applying unsupervised classification, such as IsoData and K-means algorithm. From the experiment, we produced four habitat classes. The analyses result for each unsupervised classification shows that the overall accuracy of IsoData and K-Means was 47.98% and 55.64%. However, the results of the Kappa coefficient show that the IsoData algorithm has slightly better accuracy of benthic habitat mapping (0.39) rather than K-Means (0.30).

Water Balance Supporting the Irrigation Water Demand in Java Island, Indonesia

Java is the most populous island with the largest percentage of rice fields in Indonesia. However, rice fields in Java Island often experience water shortages, so an analysis of the potential water availability for irrigation in Java is required. This research aims to analyze water's potential to meet irrigation water needs in each catchment area in Java. In this research, the potential for irrigation water in Java is calculated based on the balance of water balance between water availability and DMI and Irrigation water needs. This research is divided into two parts: (1) analysis of water availability using the WFLOW hydrological simulation; and (2) water demand analysis based on population statistical data. Based on this research, it can be concluded that the water balance between water resources and irrigation water needs in Java is still in the surplus category, even though there are deficits in several catchment areas (WS): in the Kepulauan Seribu, Wiso Gelis, and Welang Rejoso WS. WS with the most water availability is generally located in wide (WS) areas, while several WS with abundant water needs is generally located in WS with the densest population. According to The Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the agricultural area in Java has decreased by an average of 20 thousand hectares per year, so that the demand for irrigation water on the island of Java will also decrease. Consequently, the excess water potential in Java Island needs to be allocated to meet the needs of DMI, which are increasing every year. In addition, the results also show that the development of irrigation areas in the future should be focused on large (WS) areas that have the potential for significant amounts of irrigation water.

A framework of artificial intelligent for investment assessment in coastal and small island area, relate to disaster risk

Coastal areas and small islands in Indonesia have reliable investment feasibility potential. The location of small islands that must be developed must assess the ecosystem’s carrying capacity and the environment, including disaster risk. Research on investment feasibility based on disaster risk is necessary to support small islands’ investment plans and development. This area is known as a vulnerable and potentially high risk from natural or human-made disasters. The research conducted in the Kepulauan Seribu will adopt digital technology to assess the eligibility criteria as the start of an investment step. The intervention of digital technology on investment feasibility assessment in line with the digital era in the Industrial Revolution 4.0. The outputs of the research are (1) investment feasibility indicators in coastal areas and small islands based on disaster risk; (2) strengthening systems and institutions related to investment feasibility assessment in coastal areas and small islands; (3) the prototype of smart system technology for assessing investment feasibility in coastal areas and small islands based on disaster risk as part of the adaptation of revolution 4.0 to support the policy of integrated electronic business licensing services.