Kendall's Tau-b Test Research Articles

Outcome of posterior short segment fixation with implanting pedicle screw at the fractured level for treatment of thoracolumbar fracture

IntroductionThoracolumbar fractures make up majority of the spinal fractures. Various techniques including long, short, mono and short segment screw fixation have been used to achieve stability. There are still few studies describing the results of short segment fixation with intermediate screw fixation in fractured vertebrae, despite the fact that all have adequate efficacy and stability. Materials and methods41 patients were studied and evaluated preoperatively, at discharge and at 2, 6, 12, 24 weeks and 1 year follow-up clinically using Greenough and Fraser Low Back Pain Score, the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) grading, four-point scale questionnaire for patient's satisfaction, sagittal index (SI) of injured vertebra and Cobb's angle. ResultsThe patient's mean age was 36.9 ± 11.7 years, majority (90.2 %) with lumbar (L1-L3) segment involvement. All the patients significantly improved neurologically immediately after surgery (p < 0.001) however the improvement was not significant at final follow up (p = 0.3) as compared to the preoperative ASIA grade (Kendall's tau-b test). Low back pain decreased significantly on subsequent follow-up as measured by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) score (p < 0.001). The Low Back Pain Scale of Greenough and Fraser calculated at immediate post-operation and at 1 year follow up in comparison to pre-operation status showed a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.001). Sagittal index (SI) estimated at 6, 12, 24 weeks and 1 year follow-up in comparison to preoperative SI was higher and statistically significant (p < 0.001). Mean Cobb's angle significantly decreased during follow-up at 6, 12, 24 weeks and 1 year compared to preoperative angle (p < 0.001). Four Point Scale Questionnaire assessed at 1 year follow-up showed majority (82.9 %) were very satisfied with the outcome. ConclusionPosterior short segment with intermediate screw fixation in fractured vertebra is a feasible and stable treatment method for traumatic single thoracolumbar fracture with respect to the functional outcome, patient satisfaction and preservation of motion segment.

CARIES STATUS MEASURED WITH THE ICDAS II ON QUALITY OF LIFE IN CHILDREN

Dental caries is an infection of the hard part of the teeth that is very vulnerable in children. Unaddressed tooth decay interferes with child development, especially primary school-age children who have an impact on quality of life, discomfort and experience learning disorders that affect academic achievement. In the ICDAS II index, caries measurement can be seen from the stage of development starting from clinically visible enamel changes to more extensive cavitation. This study aims to determine the relationship of caries status measured by ICDAS II to quality of life in 12-year-old children. Analytic research with cross sectional method. The study population was 12 years old students with a purposive sampling technique of 43 samples. Data obtained using caries examination sheets and quality of life questionnaires. The statistical test used in the study was Kendall's tau-b test. The results showed that the relationship between caries status measured by ICDAS II to quality of life obtained a p-value of 0.000 with a correlation value of 0.515 which is included in the strong relationship category. The conclusion is that this study found a significant relationship between caries status measured by ICDAS II and quality of life in 12-year-old children.

Fatigue in rheumatoid arthritis patients: The status, independent risk factors, and consistency of multiple scales.

Fatigue is a common symptom that negatively affects the outcomes and functions of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients. This study aimed to assess the fatigue by two scales and validate their consistency, also to comprehensively evaluate fatigue-related risk factors in RA patients. In this case-control study, the fatigue of 160 RA patients and 60 healthy controls was evaluated by the Bristol Rheumatoid Arthritis Fatigue Multi-Dimensional Questionnaire (BRAF-MDQ) and the Chinese version of the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI-C). The 28-joint disease activity score using erythrocyte sedimentation rate of RA patients was assessed. The BRAF-MDQ and BFI-C scores were elevated in RA patients versus healthy controls (all p < .001). Interestingly, BRAF-MDQ global fatigue score positively correlated with BFI-C global fatigue score in both RA patients (r = .669, p < .001) and healthy controls (r = .527, p < .001); meanwhile, Kendall's tau-b test showed a high consistency between BRAF-MDQ and BFI-C global fatigue scores in RA patients (W = 0.759, p < .001) and healthy controls (W = 0.933, p < .001). Notably, higher education level (В = -4.547; 95% confidence interval: -7.065, -2.029; p < .001) and swollen joint count (В = 1.965; 95% confidence interval: 1.375, 2.554; p < .001) independently related to BRAF-MDQ global fatigue score; higher education level (В = -0.613; 95% confidence interval: -0.956, -0.269; p = .001) and clinical disease activity index (В = 0.053; 95% confidence interval: 0.005, 0.102; p = .032) independently linked with BFI-C global fatigue score. Fatigue commonly occurs in RA patients, which independently relates to education level and disease activity. Furthermore, BRAF-MDQ and BFI-C scales exhibit a high consistency in assessing fatigue.

The Common Retention Practices Among Orthodontists from Different Countries.

To investigate the most common retention practices, factors influencing the retention protocol, and the differences among orthodontists regarding retention practices. An online validated questionnaire was anonymously sent to 3,000 orthodontic residents and clinicians. The survey consisted of 19 questions regarding the participants' demographics, prescribed retention appliances, factors affecting retention appliance choices, and adjunctive retention procedures. Descriptive statistics, Chi2 and Kendall's Tau-b tests were applied. Five hundred fifty-five orthodontic residents and clinicians, 53.3% males and 46.7% females, completed the survey, indicating a response rate of 18.5%. Although participants' demographics, type of treatment and pre-treatment malocclusion influence the choice of retention protocols, thermoplastic retainers (TR) were the most popular retention regime for the maxillary arch for both adults (47.4%) and adolescents (42.3%). Bonded retainers (BR) were the favored option for the mandibular arch (44.9% of adults and 40.7% of adolescents). The degree of arch expansion (64.1%) and the degree of interdigitation (50.1%) after treatment were the most influential factors for the choice of the preferred type of retainers by the respondents. 68.6% of the participants thought professional retention guidelines would be useful. Thermoplastic retainers were the most common retention appliances for adults and adolescents in the maxilla. At the same time, BR was the most favored retainer in the mandibular arch, with clinical experience, practice setting, and malocclusion- and treatment-related factors influencing the type of the chosen appliance. The demographic differences and the uneven participation in the survey need to be considered while interpreting the findings of this study.

Prevalence and factors associated with dry socket following routine dental extractions.

Dry socket (DS) or fibrinolytic osteitis is a relatively common complication that can occur following tooth extraction. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of DS and identify its associated predictive and mediating variables. This study is classified as prospective observational, cross-sectional, and multicenter. Patients were consecutively selected in accordance with established criteria for tooth extraction. Data on patient demographics, surgical procedures and postoperative outcomes were collected. Nominal variables were analyzed using the Chi-Square Test, while associations involving ordinal values or considering counts or layers were examined using the Kendall's Tau-B Test or Mantel-Haenszel Test for trend. The GLM Mediation Model was employed to investigate potential mediation or indirect effects or potential underlying mechanisms of predictive variables on the development of DS. Two-tailed significance level of p ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 1,357 patients undergoing routine dental extractions were included. DS was observed in 13 patients (prevalence of 1%). DS was associated with younger patients (under 50 years old), longer procedures, and the presence of surgical accidents, but only when mediated by surgical complexity. Smoking, particularly in combination with complex surgeries and surgical accidents, was associated with DS. Postoperative pain for more than two days and reported at moderate to high levels, emerged as a potential warning sign for DS. The use of antibiotics was found to significantly reduce the risk of DS (RR reduction of 36% and absolute risk reduction of 0.63%). Routine dental extractions revealed a 1% prevalence of dry socket. The obtained results suggests that DS is a multifactorial condition influenced by various factors, including gender, age, smoking, antibiotic prescription and surgical factors such as length, technique and accidents, nevertheless, those associations were observed mainly considering the influence of one variable on another.

Local community perceptions of tourism impact in the Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park ecotourism area

Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park (BTSNP) is one of the ecotourism in Indonesia that has been designated by UNESCO as one of the world's biosphere reserve. It is considered to have harmony between ecological and economic aspects. This study aims to analyze local community perceptions of tourism impact at BTSNP ecotourism based on economic, socio-cultural and environmental impacts; and analyze the correlations between the impact of and the demographic characteristics of respondents. The data was obtained from Tengger community in Sapikerep Village, Sukapura Subdistrict, Probolinggo Regency using questionnaire and it was analyzed with descriptive statistic and correlation analysis using Kendall's tau-b test. The results of this study show that the residents’ perceived of the impact of tourism is mostly positive (80% agreed) towards three aspects of tourism impacts. Then, it was found that residents who own a business in a tourist area had a positive significant correlation with perception of tourism impact from the economic and socio-cultural dimension. As for other demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, income level, and education level, there is no significant correlation with perceived of tourism impacts. The existence of the BTSNP brings opportunities for local residents to become entrepreneurs. Local residents who own a business more likely to have better perception of tourism impact. The positive impact from the economic and socio-cultural side is enjoyed more by the people who are directly involved in tourism activities.

Opinions on grading and difficulties encountered by physical education and health teachers in relation to assessment

ABSTRACT Background: Assessment plays a key role in quality physical education and health [PEH; Leirhaug and Annerstedt (2016. “Assessing with New Eyes? Assessment for Learning in Norwegian Physical Education.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 21 (6): 616–631. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2015.1095871)]. López-Pastor et al. (2013. “Alternative Assessment in Physical Education: A Review of International Literature.” Sport Education and Society 18 (1): 57–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2012.713860) identify assessment as ‘one of the most fraught and troublesome issues physical educators have had to deal with over the past 40 years or so’ (57). Three main issues emerged from studies conducted in the last 15 years on PEH teachers’ assessment practices: (1) a lack of consistency between what is taught and what is assessed [Borghouts et al. (2016. “Assessment Quality and Practices in Secondary PE in the Netherlands.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 22 (5): 473–489. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2016.1241226); Svennberg et al. (2018. “Swedish PE Teachers Struggle with Assessment in a Criterion-Referenced Grading System.” Sport, Education and Society 23 (4): 381–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2016.1200025); Williams et al. (2020. “‘I Think Everyone Is on Board with Changing How We Do Things, But We Are Yet to Find a Best Fit Model’: A Figurational Study of Assessing Games and Sport in Physical Education.” Sport, Education and Society 26 (3): 253–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2020.1716212)); (2) a lack of knowledge among PEH teachers regarding assessment[(Borghouts et al. (2016. “Assessment Quality and Practices in Secondary PE in the Netherlands.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 22 (5): 473–489. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2016.1241226); Williams et al. (2020. “‘I Think Everyone Is on Board with Changing How We Do Things, But We Are Yet to Find a Best Fit Model’: A Figurational Study of Assessing Games and Sport in Physical Education.” Sport, Education and Society 26 (3): 253–266. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2020.1716212)] and (3) the often intuitive and subjective nature of assessment [Borghouts et al. (2016. “Assessment Quality and Practices in Secondary PE in the Netherlands.” Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy 22 (5): 473–489. https://doi.org/10.1080/17408989.2016.1241226); Dinan-Thompson and Penney (2015. “Assessment Literacy in Primary Physical Education.” European Physical Education Review 21 (4): 485–503. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X15584087)]. Objectives: This article aims to describe: (1) the main difficulties encountered by PEH teachers regarding their assessment practices and (2) their opinions of the grading process in PEH. Method: An exploratory sequential mixed-method research design [Creswell (2014. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications] was used with PEH teachers to meet the objectives of this study. The first phase of the research, the qualitative phase, consisted of a 45-min semi-structured individual interview (n = 11) followed by a 60-min interview with the double [n = 10; Brau-Antony et al. (2014. “Curriculum en Éducation Physique et Sportive et évaluation certificative au baccalauréat.” Questions Vives 22:1–16. https://doi.org/10.4000/questionsvives.1596)]. The inductive content analyses [Creswell (2014. Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. 4th ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications); L’Écuyer (1990. Méthodologie de l’analyse développementale de contenu: Méthode GPS et concept de soi. Québec: Presses de l’Université du Québec)] of these two interviews allowed us to develop the questionnaire used in the second phase of the research, the quantitative phase (n = 164). The data were exported into IBM SPSS statistics Version 27 software to make descriptive analyses (frequencies and means) and advanced statistical analyses (Chi-square test, Kruskall–Wallis test and two-tailed Kendall's Tau-B test). Findings: Three main difficulties to asessing in PEH are identified by teachers: (1) assessing in health education; (2) unclear ministerial expectations for assessment and (3) the cumbersome competency assessment process. Advanced statistical analyses also show that early-career teachers experience more difficulties. Two main opinions about grading also emerge from the data: (1) grading in PEH allows to see the progress of the students and (2) the lack of guidelines for grading makes it very subjective. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study contributes to existing knowledge about assessment in PEH from several perspectives. From a pre-service perspective, it seems imperative to address assessment with its challenges so that early-career teachers can adequately define their conception of assessment and its purposes. From a governmental and political perspective, it would be relevant for teachers to have clear guidelines for assessment. Finally, from a research perspective and to contribute to the improvement of assessment processes, we claim that there is an important need for future action research, which is to establish collaborations with PEH teachers to develop and experiment with simple and effective strategies to respond to certain difficulties arising from our results.

The Relationship Between Intercultural Communication Apprehension and Therapeutic Communication of Nurses in Regional Public Hospital Ward

Intercultural communication apprehension defined as fear or anxiety as a result of interactions with people from different cultural backgrounds. While therapeutic communication defined as communication carried out by nurses in communicating with clients to build interpersonal relationships. This research was conducted to determine the relationship between intercultural communication apprehension and therapeutic communication in hospital ward nurse. Correlational quantitative research design with a cross-sectional survey design approach used consisted of 98 nurse respondents determined through the total sampling technique. Personal Report of Intercultural Communication Appreciation (PRICA) questionnaire and the therapeutic communication questionnaire showed that intercultural communication apprehension level among nurses was mostly at moderate level with a total of 69 nurses (70.4%) while nurse therapeutic communication was mostly at good level with a total of 82 nurses (83.7%). The Kendall's Tau-B test showed that there was no significant relationship with a p value of 0.698. Communication anxiety level can be influenced by gender, and ethnocentrism. While therapeutic communication can be influenced by age, gender, culture and language, level of education, and length of work of nurses. Nurses' understanding regarding these factors is needed to avoid intercultural communication anxiety and to improve therapeutic communication that can affect the quality of health services.

Role of [68Ga]-pentixafor positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in assessing disease activity in patients with lupus nephritis: A pilot study.

The primary objective of our study was to evaluate renal uptake of 68Ga-pentixafor in patients with lupus nephritis. Eighteen patients who satisfied the inclusion criteria were included in our study. The study participants were patients with histopathologically confirmed lupus nephritis who were referred to our department for 68Ga-pentixafor PET/CT scan. We studied the renal images in these patients for uptake patterns based on purely visual as well as semi-quantitative parameters. The visual parameters included uptake relative to the spleen and liver. Semi-quantitative analysis involved the uptake as given by SUVmax. These parameters were correlated with the patients' biochemical as well as histological parameters. Kendall's tau-b test was used to look for an association between renal uptake by visual assessment and histopathological findings. Mean SUVmax values were compared by using the Mann-Whitney U test and a p value < .05 was considered to be statistically significant. No significant association between the mean renal SUVmax of the bilateral kidneys in pentixafor PET and histopathological class was observed. We did not observe any heterogeneity in uptake patterns that could be attributed to the disease process in our patients. 68Ga-pentixafor PET is not a suitable imaging modality for assessment of disease activity in lupus nephritis patients. There is a void in non-invasive testing for patients with this chronic and often disabling condition which calls for further research in this area.

Correlating Quantitative MRI-based Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Metrics with 24-month Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in Neonates from the HEAL Trial.

Background Multiple qualitative scoring systems have been created to capture the imaging severity of hypoxic ischemic brain injury. Purpose To evaluate quantitative volumes of acute brain injury at MRI in neonates with hypoxic ischemic brain injury and correlate these findings with 24-month neurodevelopmental outcomes and qualitative brain injury scoring by radiologists. Materials and Methods In this secondary analysis, brain diffusion-weighted MRI data from neonates in the High-dose Erythropoietin for Asphyxia and Encephalopathy trial, which recruited participants between January 2017 and October 2019, were analyzed. Volume of acute brain injury, defined as brain with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) less than 800 × 10-6 mm2/sec, was automatically computed across the whole brain and within the thalami and white matter. Outcomes of death and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) were recorded at 24-month follow-up. Associations between the presence and volume (in milliliters) of acute brain injury with 24-month outcomes were evaluated using multiple logistic regression. The correlation between quantitative acute brain injury volume and qualitative MRI scores was assessed using the Kendall tau-b test. Results A total of 416 neonates had available MRI data (mean gestational age, 39.1 weeks ± 1.4 [SD]; 235 male) and 113 (27%) showed evidence of acute brain injury at MRI. Of the 387 participants with 24-month follow-up data, 185 (48%) died or had any NDI. Volume of acute injury greater than 1 mL (odds ratio [OR], 13.9 [95% CI: 5.93, 32.45]; P < .001) and presence of any acute injury in the brain (OR, 4.5 [95% CI: 2.6, 7.8]; P < .001) were associated with increased odds of death or any NDI. Quantitative whole-brain acute injury volume was strongly associated with radiologists' qualitative scoring of diffusion-weighted images (Kendall tau-b = 0.56; P < .001). Conclusion Automated quantitative volume of brain injury is associated with death, moderate to severe NDI, and cerebral palsy in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy and correlated well with qualitative MRI scoring of acute brain injury. Clinical trial registration no. NCT02811263 © RSNA, 2023 Supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Huisman in this issue.

KORELASI KADAR C-REACTIVE PROTEIN DENGAN JUMLAH TROMBOSIT PADA PENDERITA DIABETES MELITUS TIPE 2

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, associated with decreased nitric oxide (NO) levels, increased free radical production, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and progressive vascular damage. C-reactive protein (CRP), an acute phase protein regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6), serves as a systemic inflammation marker. Pentameric CRP (pCRP) and monomeric CRP (mCRP) are implicated in mediating inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, with roles in endothelial cell adhesion, phagocytosis, inflammatory signaling, and interactions with endothelial cells, neutrophils, macrophages, and platelets. Additionally, leukocytes secrete platelet-activating factors, enhancing platelet activation and cytokine and chemokine release. This descriptive analytical study with a cross-sectional design aimed to investigate the correlation between CRP levels and platelet counts in patients with type 2 DM. Utilizing purposive sampling, 47 patients diagnosed with DM at Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie Hospital, Pontianak, during June 2023 were selected. CRP levels were measured using the fluorescence immunoassay (FIA) method, while platelet counts were determined through the impedance method. Statistical analysis employing Kendall's Tau-b test revealed a significant correlation (p &lt; 0.05, r = -0.508), indicating that elevated CRP levels are significantly associated with reduced platelet counts in type 2 DM patients.

Relationship between Biology Education Students' Learning Period and Grade Point Average (GPA)

The grade point average (GPA) is the value obtained by students cumulatively from the beginning to the end of the semester. To get a high GPA, students must study hard. Learning period is not a guarantee of getting a high GPA. The problem that is now happening is how students use learning time effectively so that their learning results are maximized. This research aimed to know the relationship between the learning period and GPA. The type of research used is quantitative correlational research to know the relationship between the learning period and GPA. The subjects in this study were 33 students at the fifth semester in the Department of Biology Education at a public university in Indonesia. The research implementation phase included data collection, data analysis, and conclusion. The results of the simple correlation test analysis of Spearmann Correlation Kendall's tau-b show that r count r table (0.139 0.442) on the Kendall's tau-b test, r count r table (0.168 0.442) on the Spearmann rho test, and the R-value is 19.1 which states that the relationship between the learning period and GPA results is low. This study concludes that there is no relationship between the learning period and the grade point average (GPA) of the biology education students. The absence of this relationship can be influenced by several factors, such as school factors, family factors, the inability to determine the priority scale of planned activities, as well as factors of interest and motivation to learn.

Are doctors feeling burnout? - Multicenter cross-sectional study on burnout syndrome and its determinants during the ongoing pandemic.

Though the concept of burnout has been around for long, its significance is increasing nowadays owing to the demanding nature of jobs. The latest ICD-11 also provides a detailed description of Burnout syndrome. Physicians are at high risk for experiencing burnout and this becomes especially relevant in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. To determine the risk of burnout among medical faculty and its predictors, if any. This was a multicentric cross-sectional study that included medical faculty from four tertiary care government teaching hospitals in north India. A survey was conducted during the current COVID-19 pandemic to assess burnout using a structured online questionnaire based on Burnout Assessment Tool. The questionnaire also included relevant socio-demographic, professional, health, and lifestyle-related details. Descriptive statistics, Mann-Whitney U Test/Kruskal Wallis Test, and Kendall's tau-b Test were used for statistical analysis. A total of 244 medical faculty completed the survey. 27.87% were at risk of burnout, out of which 11.89% were at a very high risk of burnout. Dissatisfaction with the job and dissatisfaction with sleep (P < 0.01 for both) were associated with greater burnout scores and a greater risk of burnout. Faculty members are at high risk of burnout, regardless of sociodemographic and work-related factors.

Zika virus knowledge and vaccine acceptance among undergraduate students in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Zika virus (ZIKV) was declared a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) in 2016. Concerns surrounding the effects of ZIKV persist today and several vaccine candidates are currently in various stages of development worldwide. There is limited research on ZIKV vaccine acceptability worldwide, and little research specific to Latin American countries. This research aims to identify the general beliefs and acceptance of a potential ZIKV vaccine in the undergraduate population at Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL) in Guayaquil, Ecuador. Between January and November 2019, 429 undergraduate students at ESPOL responded anonymously to a ZIKV vaccine survey. Frequencies, percentages, simple correspondence analysis, and bivariate inferential analyses were conducted using Kendall's tau-b test. Tests explored associations between likelihood of receiving a ZIKV vaccine and demographic, ZIKV information seeking, ZIKV psychosocial variables, and ZIKV information source variables. Among the eligible participants, 241 (56.2%) were willing to receive a ZIKV vaccine if one was made commercially available. Most students were male (61.5%), age 20-25 (63.3%), and of mixed (Mestizo) race (95.3%). Results provided insight into student's knowledge on ZIKV, revealed television as the most common information source, and found most students were willing to receive a ZIKV vaccine were one to become available. Bivariate results revealed most respondents reported feeling neutral or likely to receive a ZIKV vaccine regardless of their agreeability with ZIKV information seeking behavior and psychosocial variables. This study provides insight into ZIKV knowledge among ESPOL university students and reveals most respondents obtained ZIKV related information from television. The most common reason for not wanting to receive a hypothetical ZIKV vaccine was vaccine hesitancy. Likelihood of receiving a ZIKV vaccine was associated with several information seeking behavior and psychosocial variables. Public health campaigns should focus on comprehensive ZIKV education efforts in this population.

Long-Term Thermal Comfort Monitoring via Wearable Sensing Techniques: Correlation between Environmental Metrics and Subjective Perception

The improvement of comfort monitoring resources is pivotal for a better understanding of personal perception in indoor and outdoor environments and thus developing personalized comfort models maximizing occupants' well-being while minimizing energy consumption. Different daily routines and their relation to the thermal sensation remain a challenge in long-term monitoring campaigns. This paper presents a new methodology to investigate the correlation between individuals' daily Thermal Sensation Vote (TSV) and environmental exposure. Participants engaged in the long-term campaign were instructed to answer a daily survey about thermal comfort perception and wore a device continuously monitoring temperature and relative humidity in their surroundings. Normalized daily profiles of monitored variables and calculated heat index were clustered to identify common exposure profiles for each participant. The correlation between each cluster and expressed TSV was evaluated through the Kendall tau-b test. Most of the significant correlations were related to the heat index profiles, i.e., 49% of cases, suggesting that a more detailed description of physical boundaries better approximates expressed comfort. This research represents the first step towards personalized comfort models accounting for individual long-term environmental exposure. A longer campaign involving more participants should be organized in future studies, involving also physiological variables for energy-saving purposes.

Bone Mineral Density and Serum Bone Turnover Markers among Post-Menarchal Girls from Rural South India.

The data on the bone mineral density (BMD) and bone turnover markers (BTMs) in Indian adolescents are limited. To assess BMD at lumbar spine (LS, L1-L4) and femoral neck (FN) in South Indian post-menarchal girls and correlate it with dietary calcium intake (mg/day), physical activity score and post-menarchal years. The study also assessed serum BTMs and their correlation with chronological age in the study population. This cross-sectional study included apparently healthy post-menarchal adolescent girls aged 12-16 years randomly selected from the community. Participants with vitamin D deficiency were excluded. The data on calcium intake and physical activity were obtained using validated questionnaires. All participants were evaluated with serum calcium, 25-hydroxy vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, N-terminal propeptide of type 1 collagen (P1NP) and Beta-CrossLaps (CTx) and BMD at LS and FN using dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). EpiData version 3.1 was used for the data entry. The data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Continuous variables were expressed as mean ± SD. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) was calculated, and two-tailed Kendall's tau-b test was used for assessing correlation of all nonparametric measures. A total of 103 participants were screened, and data from 77 were analysed. There was a significant positive correlation of BMD at LS with chronological age (r: +0.235, P = 0.036), but not at FN. Positive correlation of BMD with increase in post-menarchal years was also noted at LS (r: +0.276, P = 0.015). There was no significant association of BMD with calcium intake and physical activity scores at both sites. There was a significant negative correlation of serum BTMs with age CTx (r: -0.596, P = 0.0001) and P1NP (r: -0.505, P = 0.0001). This study provides insight into the reference BMD range at LS spine and FN in South Indian rural post-menarchal adolescent girls. BMD positively correlated, whereas BTMs negatively correlated with age. The study also provides the first Indian reference range for serum BTMs in this age group.

Relationship between Age and Implementation of Clean and Healthy Lifestyle During the Covid 19 Pandemic for Midwifery Students STIKes Akbidyo

Health is important for every human, a healthy body can perform daily activities to the maximum. Health cannot be obtained directly but requires a behavior that is implemented with continuous maintenance and behavior. Clean and Healthy Living Behavior (PHBS) is a behavior that is carried out with awareness so that family members or family members can help themselves in the health sector and play an active role in health activities in the community. Prevention is better than cure, this health principle is the basis for implementing the PHBS program. (Ministry of Health RI, 2016). December 2019 it was reported that a new type of coronavirus or SARS-CoV-2 first appeared. The virus that causes respiratory problems has spread to almost all countries in the world. Seeing the spread of the corona virus, the world health organization WHO has declared that Covid-19 is a global pandemic. (Karo, 2020). This research is a quantitative research with cross sectional design and descriptive correlation. Respondents were 41 students using total sampling. Data collection tool a questionnaire. The results of the univariate study are 80.5% of adolescent students and 19.5% of early adulthood, and the implementation of behavior is quite high for PHBS 39.0%. The results of the bivariate test using the Kendall's Tau-b test showed a significant relationship p value: 0.003 . It is hoped that there will be good cooperation between the campus covid 19 task force and students to disseminate information about PHBS and how to implement healthy living behaviors in daily life.&#x0D;

Hubungan Efikasi Diri Dan Ansietas Terhadap Mahasiswa Skripsi

To identify whether there is a relationship between self-efficacy and anxiety in nursing students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Musi Charitas Catholic University who is currently writing a thesis. This article uses a quantitative descriptive method with a sample of 35 respondents in this study. The majority of respondents are female as many as 32 people (91.4%). A total of 27 (77.1%) respondents had a high level of self-efficacy, but as many as 16 (45.7%) respondents also experienced anxiety in the moderate range. The results of Kendall's Tau-B test found that there was no relationship between self-efficacy (p = 0.933 &gt; 0.05) and anxiety (p = 0.933 &gt; 0.05). Students must improve their self-efficacy so that they do not easily feel anxiety, and can be responsible for carrying out tasks so that they can write a thesis better and can concentrate fully.

Effect of dental tissue thickness on the measurement of oxygen saturation by two different pulse oximeters.

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different dental tissue thickness on the measurement of oxygen saturation (SpO2) levels in high (HP) and low (LP) blood perfusion by comparing the values obtained from two different pulse oximeters (POs) - BCI and Sense 10. Thirty freshly extracted human teeth had their crowns interposed between the POs and an optical simulator, which emulated the SpO2 and heart beats per minute (bpm) at HP (100% SpO2/75 bpm) and LP (86% SpO2/75 bpm) modes. Afterwards, the palatine/lingual surfaces of the dental crowns were worn with diamond drills. The reading of SpO2 was performed again using the POs alternately through the buccal surface of each dental crown. Data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon, Mann-Whitney and Kendall Tau-b tests (α=5%). The results showed significant difference at the HP and LP modes in the SpO2 readouts through the different dental thicknesses with the use of BCI, and at the LP mode with the use of Sense 10, which had a significant linear correlation (p<0.0001) and lower SpO2 readout values in relation to the increase of the dental thickness. Irrespective of tooth thickness, Sense 10 had significantly higher readout values (p<0.0001) than BCI at both perfusion modes. The interposition of different thicknesses of enamel and dentin influenced the POs measurement of SpO2, specially at the low perfusion mode. The POs were more accurate in SpO2 measurement when simulated perfusion levels were higher.

Individual Quota System for Anchovy Fishing and the Conservation of Hydrobiological Resources in Chimbote, Peru

The objective of this research was to determine whether the access regime and conditions for granting fishing rights; the allocation and duration of the quota system; fisheries control and control actions; and the monitoring, supervision, and sanction of regulatory breaches are the normative criteria of the system of individual quotas for anchovy fishing in direct human consumption to promote the conservation of hydrobiological resources, Chimbote, Peru, 2018. The research was applied, a non-experimental and descriptive correlational design. The sample was composed of National and Comparative Legislation, Doctrine, Jurisprudence, and Records specialized in fisheries issues; and by 30 fisheries experts: lawyers 25% and representatives of fishermen 25%, from the District of Chimbote. Two questionnaires were used for the variables under study. The results showed that the regulatory criteria of the individual quota system for anchovy fishing are 76.7% efficient in the conservation of hydrobiological resources; being Kendall's Tau-b test statistical contingency coefficient τ= 0.89, with a standard significance level of less than 1% (P &lt; 0.01). It was demonstrated that the regime of access and conditions for granting fishing rights, the allocation and duration of the quota system, the actions of control and fisheries control, and the monitoring, supervision, and sanction of regulatory breaches are in 76.7% of the normative criteria of the individual quota system of anchovy fishing for direct human consumption to promote the conservation of hydrobiological resources being the statistical contingency coefficient of proof Kendall's Tau-b is τ= 0.89, with standard significance level less than 1% (P &lt; 0.01). Likewise, the corresponding proposal was made for the regulation of the normative criteria of the individual quota system of anchovy fishing in direct human consumption to promote the conservation of hydrobiological resources, defining the parameters for their development and viability.