Kenaf Varieties Research Articles

Environmental Effect on Growth and Yield Parameters of Ten Kenaf Varieties (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in Erbil.

Environmental Effect on Growth and Yield Parameters of Ten Kenaf Varieties (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) in Erbil.

Assessment of genetic variability in different kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) germplasm using morpho-agronomic traits

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is a fiber crop classified in the genus Hibiscus (Malvaceae), and has a great potential for its multipurpose utilization, in addition to its traditional usage. Varietal identification of kenaf is always problematic and knowledge on genetic variability of kenaf varieties is also limited, which significantly hindered our effective utilization and conservation of the valuable kenaf germplasm. In order to find a proper method for identifying kenaf varieties and studying their variation, morpho-agronomic characters were analyzed. Fifty eight accessions of kenaf germplasm collected from Gene Bank Department of Bangladesh Jute Research Institute were characterized at Jute Agriculture Experiment Station, Manikganj during April 2014 to December 2014. The accessions were characterized for fifteen morpho-agronomic attributes as per Hibiscus descriptor in order to select superior genotypes for the genetic improvement of kenaf. Considerable ranges of variability were observed in stem colour, petiole colour, plant height, base diameter, dry fibre weight, dry core weight, green weight with leaves and green weight without leaves. Based on major yield contributing characters accessions 1653, 3384, 3928 and 4202 performed better than the control varieties HC-2 and HC-95.

Effects of salinity stress on the growth performance of two varieties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

Effects of salinity stress on the growth performance of two varieties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

Effects of salinity stress on the growth performance of two varieties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)

Salinity stress is one of the most serious factors limiting the productivity of agricultural crops with adverse effects on germination, plant vigor and crop yield. This experiment was conducted to determine the effects of salinity stress on HIB 16 and HIB 17 varieties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) grown in pots under greenhouse conditions. Salinity treatments of 4 ds/m, 6 ds/m and 8 ds/m were applied for a period of 9 weeks and the physiological changes in the plants were observed. Results revealed that there was no significant difference between the 4 ds/m treatment and control of HIB 16 variety in terms of leaf numbers, stem heights, fresh weights and dry weights throughout the weeks of observation but with an increase in concentration to 6 ds/m and 8 ds/m significant decrease were observed in leaf numbers, stem heights, fresh weights and dry weights. At 4weeks of 8 ds/m treatment the leaves were all withered on HIB 17 variety but there were still leaves on HIB 16 until after the 6th week. The highest recorded height was 65cm and the highest leaf number was 26.67 in control of HIB 16 variety. This work has revealed that kenaf can be grown successfully in moderate saline water. However salt levels of 4 ds/m and above can restrict plant growth and development resulting to significant yield reduction.

Inspection, Certification and Bionomics of Mealy Bug, <i>Pseudococcus virgatus</i> on Kenaf (<i>Hibiscus cannabinus</i> L.) and Mesta (<i>H. sabdariffa</i> L.)

The study was conducted to Survey, documentation and bionomics of Mealy bug, <i>Pseudococcus virgatus</i> on Kenaf (<i>Hibiscus cannabinus</i> L.) and mesta (<i>H. sabdariffa</i> L.) in different jute growing regions and in the laboratory of Entomology Department, BJRI during the jute growing 2017 and 2018 season with 10 replications following CRD design. The highest infestation of Mealybug (80.49%) was found in HC-95 of kenaf variety at Narayanganj sub-station and the lowest infestation of Mealybug (11.34%) was found in HS-24 of Mesta variety at Patuakhali sub-station of BJRI. Most infested part of plant was twig. The egg is oval in shape and measures on an average 0.315mm in length and 0.135mm in breadth. The average length of newly hatches nymphs were 0.495±0.022 mm and average wide in 0.213±0.008 mm. The first moulting occurred within 4-5 days with an average of 4.6±0.163days. The second moulting occurred within 6-9 days after first moulting with an average of 7.50±0.268 days. The third moulting occurred within 7-9 days after second moulting with an average of 8.00±0.388 days. The average length of adult male is in 1.60±0.459 mm and average breath is in 0.68±0.078 mm. The average length of adult female is in 4±0.86 mm and average breath is in 2.40±0.516 mm. The incubation period varied from 3-5days with an average of 4.7±0.94 days. The total nymphal period of <i>pseudococcus virgatus</i> was with an average of 20.1±1.05 days. The duration of adult male and female was an average 15.8±0.388 and 35.9±0.348 days respectively.

The physical properties and strength characteristics of kenaf plants

This article reports some physical properties and strength characteristics of two kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) varieties in Nigeria at critical stages of harvest with a view of understanding the plant material reaction to the load and deformation. The kenaf samples were subjected to a uniaxial compression test between two parallel plates at a loading rate of 20 mm·min&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt; and a uniaxial bending test between two supports on each end at a loading rate of 50 mm·min&lt;sup&gt;–1 &lt;/sup&gt;using a Universal Instron Testing Machine (Instron, USA). The results of the parameters studied revealed that Tianung 1 gave the higher stem height, stem diameter, compressive stress, bending stress, rupture load, rupture energy, Young’s modulus, and toughness, which were 293.10 cm, 18.45 mm, 8.70 MPa, 44.86 MPa, 191.51 N, 3.43 J·mm&lt;sup&gt;–2&lt;/sup&gt;, 350.81 MPa, and 6.85 N·mm&lt;sup&gt;–1&lt;/sup&gt;, respectively, at four months after planting. The parameters studied significantly increased with maturity for the two kenaf varieties. However, the moisture content significantly reduced with maturity.

Effect of sodium azide on agro-morphological traits of four varieties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)

Effect of sodium azide on agro-morphological traits of four varieties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)

Effect of sodium azide on agro-morphological traits of four varieties of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus)

Mutation induction and detection of desired mutants represents an accelerated means of reaching the desired superior Variety. In this work seeds of Kenaf varieties NG, HIB18, HIB24 and HIB42 collected from National Centre for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NAGRAB) Ibadan, Nigeria were subjected to mutagenesis using sodium azide at concentrations of 0.2%, 0.4%, and 0.6%. These treated seeds were planted in polythene bags in row of Four by Four columns in a completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications of each treatments. Data on germination percentage, plant height (cm), leaf number, fresh weight and dry weight were taken. Germination was found to be significantly higher in the control and decreased gradually with increasing mutagen concentration for all the four varieties. Among the treatments, NG at 0.6% SA showed better germination compared to other varieties of the same concentration. This indicated differential intervarietal response to the same dose of sodium azide under the same environmental condition. Analyses of data showed significant differences in all the varieties of Hibiscus cannabinus L. treated with sodium azide compared to control. Results indicate sodium azide improved yield performance of Kenaf. Also, negative effect of sodium azide was observed in plants height in variety NG. These finding suggests that plants Varieties would respond differently to mutagenic treatments of specific dosage or concentration. Since 0.6%SA appears to have negative effects on germination and seedling performance of the Varieties planted it is advisable to use lower concentration of sodium azide.

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L., Malvaceae) Research and Development Advances in Bangladesh: A Review

Kenaf originated in India and Africa the plant is best grown in tropics and to some extent in sub-tropics. In Bangladesh, Kenaf is now a promising new fibre crop. Around 0.08-0.09million tons of kenaf produced in the country from 0.04 million hectares of land. The secondary data of kenaf used here were collected from different studies like national and international annual reports, thesis, books and journals during from January to July 2019. The plants are herbaceous annuals; growing to a height of even 5 m. There are some Kenaf varieties of bnagladesh, HC-2, HC-95, BJRI Kenaf-3(Bot Kenaf) and BJRI Kenaf -4 (KE-3). The commercial success of kenaf has important potential economic and environmental benefits in the areas of soil remediation, toxic waste cleanup, removal of oil spills on water, reduced chemical and energy use for paper production, greater recycled paper quality, reduced soil erosion due to wind and water, replacement or reduced use of fiberglass in industrial products, and the increased use of recycled plastics. In Bangladesh day by day demand of kenaf fibre is increasing. Kenaf uses in fibre, forage, paper pulp and also where kenaf is grown in home gardens, the more tender upper leaves and shoots are sometimes eaten either raw or cooked. Kenaf fruits have significant medicinal properties, very high in vitamin-C, antioxidants and phytochemicals. It’s seeds are a good source of fat slouble antioxidants. In future research to be continued for searching kenaf varieties tolerance to problem soil; tolerance to diseases and pests; having small seed size with long duration of seed viability and smoothness and indehiscence type of kenaf fruits.

Planting Density Effects on Feed and Fibre Yield of Two Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Varieties in Malaysia

Planting Density Effects on Feed and Fibre Yield of Two Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Varieties in Malaysia

Identification and validation of single-nucleotide polymorphism markers linked to first flower node in kenaf by using combined specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing and bulked segregant analysis

It is important to develop DNA markers closely linked to the first flower node for molecular marker-assisted selection in kenaf breeding. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) is an annual, multipurpose industrial crop with a worldwide distribution. The higher the node of the first flower, the greater is the fiber yield. In this study, a population of 130 F2 individuals was constructed through the cross of K215(♀)×K89(♂). Twenty-five individuals with higher first flower node and twenty-five individuals with lower first flower node were chosen and their DNA were pooled to construct two bulked DNA pools according to the phenotype. Specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) combined with bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to identify candidate DNA markers closely linked to the first flower node. Sixteen single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were obtained from 11 related SLAF markers associated with the first flower node. SNP locus validation was performed using Sanger sequencing method. The SNP locus S961-2 in Sanger sequencing by using the primer M41961 was consistent with the SNP locus in the related SLAF-seq. The accuracy rate of the genotypes consistent with the first flower node was 91.2% (31/34). To our knowledge, S961-2 is the first SNP locus to be identified that is closely linked to the first flower node. This SNP locus may be useful for marker-assisted selection in breeding of high fiber yielding varieties of kenaf.

Multivariate statistical analyses for studying kenaf germination, growth, and fiber production under salinity constraint

It is due to the lack of renewable fiber sources for industrial purposes that the need for finding available and alternative material has become imperative. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), a fast-growing industrial crop, would be a potential solution for valorizing salinized lands and/or soils irrigated with saline water. With the aim of selecting and valorizing salt-tolerant species with high fiber yields and industrial values, we launched the assessment of the performance of kenaf culture (var. Guangdong 743-2) under salinity constraints. Germination and vegetative stages were considered in the present study to better evaluate the whole life cycle of the species. Several NaCl concentrations (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 g L-1) were applied to seeds cultivated in petri dishes and to 4-month-old plants growing in hydroponics. Germination rates (germination capacity and coefficient of velocity), growth characteristics (biomass production and relative growth rate), physiological parameters (ionic content and water status), and fiber yields (neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, and acid detergent lignin) were evaluated to better understand the salt stress and toxic effects on germination, growth, and fiber yield. Multivariate analyses were used to identify the major characteristics pertaining to salinity tolerance. The obtained results have shown that kenaf variety Guangdong 743-2 is able to germinate and grow under high salinity levels (up to 15 g L-1 NaCl), deploying several mechanisms of adaptation. Kenaf could withstand salt stress by germinating smoothly, preserving root and stem biomass, maintaining relative growth rate, stabilizing root water content, producing new leaves while sacrificing older ones, and behaving as a halophyte species through the inclusion of toxic ions within the aerial part, most probably compartmentalized inside vacuoles to ultimately keep its fiber yields unchanged.

Screening of jute and kenaf varieties for salinity tolerance

A study was conducted in the Department of Agronomy, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh from April to August 2012 to examine the salinity tolerance of eight jute varieties (CVE-3, C-83, CVL-1, BJC-7370, O-795, O-9897, OM-1, O-72) and two kenaf varieties (HC-95 and HC-2). Initially germination of these varieties were evaluated under six salinity levels viz. 0mM, 20mM, 40mM, 60mM, 80mM, and 100mM NaCl in the seed laboratory of the Department of Agronomy. Afterwards, all the varieties was grown in pots in the net house under four salinity levels viz. 0mM, 25mM, 50mM, and 75mM. The results from the germination study revealed that under control condition (0mM NaCl) all the jute varieties showed germination more than 80% both at 7 and at 14 days after seed sowing, whereas kenaf varieties had germination a little less than 80%. Among the jute varieties, O-72 showed the highest germination (92%), which was statistically similar with those of OM-1(91%), O-795 (90%), and C-83(87%). Salinity stress decreased germination drastically in all of the jute and kenaf varieties. A salinity level of 100mM caused the highest germination inhibition (74.70%) in jute variety CVL-1, which was very close to those of BJC-7370 and O-72. On the other hand, the lowest germination inhibition (51.11%) was recorded in jute variety O-795. The results of the pot trail showed that the plant characters of jute and kenaf varieties were affected significantly by salinity stress. All the varieties produced their respective plant height, number of leaves per plant, and plant dry weight under control condition (no salinity). Among these varieties, CVE-3 produced the highest plant height (145.2cm), and total dry weight (22.55g), whereas O-72 produced the highest number of leaves per plant (24.67). All these plant characters decreased sharply due to salinity stress irrespective of variety. However, the rate of decrease of plant characters occurred differentially in the jute and kenaf varieties. The highest rate of decrease in number of leaves (74.22%) was found from the variety CVE-3, whereas the lowest one was recorded from the variety HC-2 (51.68%). Salinity stress caused the highest decrease in total plant dry weight (73.68%) in the variety CVL-1 and plant height (73.64%) also in the variety CVL-1. On the contrary, the lowest decrease in plant dry weight (50.99%) was found in the variety O-9897 and plant height also in variety O-9897 (50.88%). Based on the results from germination test and pot trail, it can be inferred that jute variety O-9897 appeared to be the most salt tolerant followed by O-795, HC-2, HC-95, CVE-3, O-72, C-83, BJC-7370, OM-1, and CVL-1.

Performance of some jute &amp; allied fiber varieties in the southern part of Bangladesh

The present study was conducted to know the performance of growth, yield contributing parameters and yield of some Tossa and Deshi Jute and also some Allied fiber varieties at the agronomy field laboratory during the period from March to September 2012. Twelve Jute and Kenaf vareities viz. CVL–1 (V1), HC–2 (V2), 0–9897 (V3), CVE–3 (V4), 0–72 (V5), BJC–7370 (V6), HC–95 (V7), BJC–83 (V8), VM–1 (V9), 0–795 (V10), HC–3 (V11), BJC–2142 (V12) were taken and catagorized into three viz. Deshi (V1 to T5), Tossa (V6 to V8) and Kenaf (V9 to V12). The single factor experimental data was laid out in a completely randomized block design with three replications and the means were adjudged by DMRT at 5% level of probability. Varietals performance of Jute and Kenaf were showed statistically significant variation among the studied whole growth, yield and yield attributing traits. Among the varieites, the Jute variety BJC–7370 porduce the tallest plant (299.0 cm), medium base diameter (27.04) mm and longest root (28.44 cm) at harvest. Dry matter viz. root (13.51 g plant–1), stem (48.51 g plant–1), leaf (12.87 g plant–1) and TDM (74.89 g plant–1) production had also higher in BJC–7370. However, base diameter (26.84 mm) and dry weight of leaf (12.37 g plant–1) were statistically similar with Kenaf variety HC–3. The Jute variety BJC–7370 had also showed greater results on various yield characters viz. green (whole plant) weight (232.4 g plant–1) and stick (58.97 g plant–1) and fiber yield (58.97 g plant–1).The Kenaf variety HC–3 was also showed fiber (19.91 g plant–1) production. So, therefore, the Jute variety BJC–7370 and Kenaf vareity HC–3 gave understanding superiority on growth, yield and yield contributing traits as well as higher seed and fiber yield under the AEZ–13. So, Jute variety BJC–7370 or Kenaf variety HC–3 would be more successful productive variety in AEZ– 13 compare to the other studied Jute and Allied fiber varieties.

Effects of Irrigation Treatments on Biomass Production of Different Kenaf Varieties

Effects of Irrigation Treatments on Biomass Production of Different Kenaf Varieties

Yellow Vein Mosaic disease in kenaf (&lt;i&gt;Hibiscus cannabinus&lt;/i&gt; l.) under different sowing dates in two agroecologies

Determination of appropriate sowing dates is an important approach towards obtaining optimum crop yield as it affects the resistance/susceptibility of crops to insect pests and diseases. The study investigated the effect of three sowing dates (May, June and July) on the occurrence and incidence of yellow vein mosaic disease in kenaf variety (IFEKEN-100) planted in the experimental fields of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training (IAR&T) located in Ibadan and Ilora. The incidence of yellow vein mosaic disease was high in May at the two locations with means of 25 and 30% for Ibadan and Ilora, respectively. Plant height was not significantly different in the two locations across the three months. The highest stem diameter was obtained in May from Ilora and Ibadan with means of 1.44 and 1.53 cm, respectively. The best bast fiber yield was recorded in June at Ibadan with a mean value of 1.72 tha-1. Nucleic acid spot hybridization (NASH) was used to confirm the disease and the results revealed that Begomovirus was present in kenaf sowm in the two locations during the period of the three months except in kenaf sown in July at Ilora. The results of this study revealed the importance of sowing dates on the occurrence of viral diseases on the field. If the sowing date is optimum, the effect of viruses may not be pronounced in the crop as seen in the month of June having relatively low virus incidence as well as the highest plant height and bast fibre yield. Keywords : Begomovirus, kenaf, nucleic acid hybridization, yield

IDENTIFICATION OF SUITABLE VARIETIES FOR SEED PRODUCTION OF JUTE IN NON-TRADITIONAL AREAS OF BANGLADESH

The experiment was conducted at Hill Agricultural Research Station, Khagrachari (representing hilly areas), Agricultural Research Station, Satkhira and Jute Research Station, Patuakhali (representing saline areas) with seven varieties of jute and one variety of kenaf to find out the seed production potentiality in non-traditional areas. All varieties were sown in late July to mid August in 2009 to 2011. At hilly station white jute varieties (BJRI Deshi Pat-6, CVL-1 and BJRI Deshi Pat-5) performed better for seed production than tossa jute and kenaf varieties. At saline station (both Satkhira and Patuakhali) kenaf variety HC-95 performed better for seed yield than white and tossa jute varieties (O-9897, OM-1, BJRI Tossa Pat-4 and BJRI Tossa Pat-5). The kenaf variety (HC-95) produced the highest yield (0.86 ton/ha) in saline areas. Among the white jute varieties, BJRI Deshi Pat-5 gave the highest yield (0.66 ton/ha) and in case of tossa jute varieties, BJRI Tossa Pat-5 gave the highest seed yield (0.70 ton/ha). Therefore, BJRI Deshi Pat-5 of white jute, BJRI Tossa Pat-5 and HC-95 of kenaf are considered as the best varieties for seed production in hilly and saline areas of Bangladesh, respectively.

Variety Trial and Pyrolysis Potential of Kenaf Grown in Midwest United States

Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) has potential as an annual herbaceous biomass feedstock. It is not typically grown in the American Midwest; however, kenaf may be attractive as an alternative crop for Iowa and the Corn Belt. In this study, seven kenaf varieties were grown in Iowa and evaluated for their productivity. More specifically, our research questions were the following: (1) how do kenaf varieties perform in Iowa for yield? (2) How does fiber morphology and quality differ among varieties and among core and bast fiber? And (3) What potential does kenaf (bast and core) have for producing fuel using fast pyrolysis? Tainung 2, one of the varieties, reached the best yield in Central Iowa over multiple years. Bast kenaf contained 8 % more cellulose and 23 % less hemicellulose than the core but it varied among varieties. Also, regardless of variety, core was composed of 40 % more lignin than bast. Core was found to have higher potential for fast pyrolysis than the bast but its potential was variety-dependent. Overall, kenaf could be grown to diversify Iowa agriculture and provide alternative feedstock to the biofuel industry.

Response of yield and water use efficiency to different irrigation levels at different growth stages of Kenaf and crop water production function

To provide a rational irrigation management for high yield cultivation of Kenaf, the effects of three irrigation levels at the three growth stages on raw fiber yield, shoot dry mass and water use efficiency of two Kenaf varieties were investigated, and crop water production function was simulated by the Jensen’s model. Two Kenaf varieties (V) included hybrid variety (Hongyou 2, V1) and conventional variety (Fuhong 992, V2). Three irrigation levels at different growth stages included (1) high water level (A1), middle water level (A2) and low water level (A3) at the seedling stage, (2) high water level (B1), middle water level (B2) and low water level (B3) at the vigorous growth stage, and (3) high water level (C1), middle water level (C2) and low water level (C3) at the flowering and fruiting stage. Orthogonal test with replicates, unequal level and the existence of interaction was designed. Orthogonal test indicates that significant effects of variety and irrigation level at the vigorous growth and flowering and fruiting stages on raw fiber yield were found, and the raw fiber yield of Hongyou 2 was significantly higher than that of Fuhong 992. The best combination of two varieties and three irrigation levels at the three growth stages was V1A2B1C1 for raw fiber yield and shoot dry mass and V1A3B1C3 for water use efficiency on the basis of dry raw fiber yield (WUErf). Simulation results of the Jensen’s model show that the sensitivity coefficient (λ2) was the highest at the vigorous growth stage, and significantly higher than those of other growth stages, showing that Kenaf was the most sensitive to water deficit at the vigorous growth stage, and the vigorous growth stage was the critical stage of water requirement for Kenaf. For Hongyou 2 and Fuhong 992, raw fiber yield was improved with the increase of irrigation amount at the vigorous growth stage and flowering and fruiting stage, and the simulation of the Jensen’s model also proved that Kenaf was very sensitive to water deficit at the vigorous growth stage, so Kenaf should be supplied by adequate irrigation at the vigorous growth stage. The raw fiber yield of two varieties had the highest at A2B1C1, but Honyou 2 had more raw fiber yield. As the response of Fuhong 992 to irrigation level at different growth stages was not more significant than that of Hongyou 2, Hongyou 2 should be planted under better water and fertilizer condition.

Phytoremediation Potential of Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), Mesta (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), and Jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) in Arsenic-contaminated Soil

BACKGROUND: Arsenic (As)-contaminated groundwater used for long-term irrigation has emerged as a serious problem by adding As to soils. Phytoremediation potential of fiber crops viz., kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.), mesta (Hibiscus sabdariffa L.), and jute (Corchorus capsularis L.) was studied to clean up As-contaminated soil. METHODS AND RESULTS: Varieties of three fiber crops were selected in this study. Seeds of kenaf, mesta, and jute varieties were germinated in As-contaminated soil. Uptake of As by shoot was significantly higher than that by root in the contaminated soil. In As-contaminated soil, kenaf and mesta varieties accumulated more As, than did jute varieties. In the plant parts above ground, mainly the shoots, the highest As absorption was recorded in kenaf cv. HC-3, followed by kenaf cv. HC-95. Kenaf varieties produced more biomass. In terms of higher plant biomass production, and As absorption, kenaf varieties showed considerable potential to remediate As-contaminated soil. CONCLUSION: The overall As absorption and phytoremediation potentiality of plant varieties were in the order of kenaf cv. HC-3 > kenaf cv. HC-95 > mesta cv. Samu-93 > jute cv. CVE-3 > jute cv. BJC-7370. All varieties of kenaf, mesta, and jute could be considered for an appropriate green plant-based remediation technology in As-contaminated soil.