In this paper, we report a route to produce levoglucosan (LGA), a biomass-derived platform-molecule that is starting material to obtain various compounds of industrial interest, such as lipids, citric acid, ethanol, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, furans, aromatic hydrocarbons among other biobased products. Among the several routes to obtain LGA, the fast pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass containing glucose monomer has received growing attention due to economic and environmental reasons. In this work, we have developed a new method based on the pretreatment of sugarcane bagasse before the fast pyrolysis with a series of Keggin-type heteropolyacids (i.e., H3PW12O40, H3PMo12O40, and H4SiW12O40), which are solid catalysts easy to handle. Sugarcane bagasse, a biomass waste generated at large scale by food and fuel industries was the feedstock selected. The effects of the main variables of the acid pretreatment such as the nature of the catalyst, time, and temperature of the process were assessed. The efficiency of different pretreatments was examined by the analysis of product distribution obtained from fast pyrolysis. This new method resulted in a significant increase in LGA yield (32 %) as compared to those from pure water pretreated (5 %) and untreated sugarcane bagasse (4 %). Among all the acid catalysts tested, the H3PW12O40 was the most active and selective, due to highest Brønsted acidity strength. The great improvement in LGA yield was attributed to the structural changes in sugarcane bagasse occurred during the acidic pretreatment, which were confirmed by thermal analysis (TG/ DTG) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) performed before and after the treatment.