Kazan Federal University Research Articles

КАРАКАЛПАКСКО-ТАТАРСКИЕ ПЕРЕВОДЫ – КУЛЬТУРНЫЕ СВЯЗИ ДВУХ НАРОДОВ

This article examines the cultural and literary ties between the two Turkic peoples – the Karakalpak and Tatar languages. The translation of the work from one language to another is analyzed. The role and contribution of translations of scientists and poets is noted. The famous Karakalpak national poet I. Yusupov translated the poems of the Tatar poet G. Tukai from Tatar into Karakalpak. The article notes the great work of I. Yusupov on the translation and preparation of a collection of poems by G. Tukai and other poets of the Tatar people. At the same time, Professor of Kazan Federal University H. Minnegulov, in his articles about I. Yusupov and other Karakalpak scientists, notes their merits in spreading the work of G. Tukai among other Turkic languages. And he included these articles in the encyclopedia of G. Tukai. The article also focuses on the work of poet and educator S. Majitov, a Tatar by nationality, who lived in Karakalpakstan and participated in the creation of textbooks on the Karakalpak language. In the 20s of the twentieth century, he created the first textbooks for Karakalpak schools, engaged in education, worked and directed a school in the Kungrad district. He is also a poet, writer and playwright. He wrote his works in the Karakalpak language. He actively participated in the creation of the Karakalpak alphabet and orthography. The article notes the merits of Tatar and Karakalpak scientists and poets who put a bridge on international relations and cooperation in the field of philology.

The prevalence of mutations underlying development of Helicobacter pylori resistance to antibiotics in Kazan

One of the reasons for the decrease of Helicobacter pylori eradication effectiveness is its resistance to antibiotics. To examine the prevalence of H. pylori point mutations responsible for clarithromycin and levofloxacin resistance among the patients with upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract disorders in Kazan. The study included 203 patients with symptoms of dyspepsia who underwent upper GI endoscopy at the University Hospital of Kazan Federal University (Kazan, Russia) in 2019-2021. DNA isolation from gastric antrum mucosal biopsies was performed using PureLink Genomic DNA Mini Kits (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA). Polymerase chain reaction was performed using primers specific for the V-region of the 23S gene and the A subunit DNA gyrase encoding gyrA gene region. The sequencing of obtained DNA fragments was performed on 3730 DNA Analyzer. The sequences were searched for point mutations responsible for H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin (A2143G, A2142G and A2142C193 mutations) and levofloxacin (mutations of the gyrA gene). H. pylori was detected in 47.78% of biopsy specimens using polymerase chain reaction. The proportion of H. pylori strains with mutations leading to clarithromycin resistance was 17.53%. Amino acid substitutions in the gyrA gene were found in 12.37% of samples. In case of two H. pylori strains (2.06%), dual resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin was found. So high incidence of mutations underlying the development of H. pylori resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin was observed among examined patients in Kazan.

Study of the relationship between the functional state of students in classes and professional and personal qualities of teachers

Introduction. The modern education system makes increasingly high demands on students, but there may be insufficient adaptation of pupils and students to learning processes. This is also due to the lack of scientifically substantiated and experimentally tested personality-oriented learning technologies, primarily its physical and psychological components and the adaptation of students in the educational and socio-cultural space. The purpose of the research. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the functional state of students in the classroom and professional and personal qualities of teachers, the development of recommendations for the creation of personality-oriented teaching technologies. Materials and Methods. The study involved students of the National Research Technical University (KNITUKAI) and the Kazan Veterinary Institute named after N. E. Bauman, as well as 10-11th grade students of Lyceum No. 33 at Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (KFU). The number of subjects was 332 people. Methods: analysis of sources, pedagogical experiment (conducting experiment), methods of statistical data processing (correlation and factor analysis). Results and discussion. There were revealed links between the functional state of students in the classroom and professional and personal qualities of teachers: pedagogical tact of a teacher correlates with the students' mood (r=0,85; p<0,05), critical evaluation of his/her merits and demerits is related to the mood of the student (r=0,92; p<0,05) of the student (r=0,92; p<0,05), organizational skills of the teacher with the desire to work (r=0,95; p<0,05), the presence of feedback from the audience also has a positive correlation with the desire to work (r=0,93; p<0,05). The theoretical health saving model of the teacher was compiled. On The first places in the "health-saving model of the teacher" are the following qualities: tactfulness, intelligence, erudition, humor, culture of speech, creative abilities. Application of this model by teachers in schools and universities will promote person-centered learning. Conclusion. The materials presented in the article can be applied by school teachers and university teachers. The conducted research also opens perspectives in the training of teachers at the faculties of professional development on the basis of the developed health-saving model.

Tutoring as a form of support for the adaptation of foreign students at the university

Introduction. Strengthening globalization processes leads to the expansion of international cooperation in the field of education. This is especially reflected in the growth of international mobility of students in higher education institutions, in particular, Russian universities. And if the first students of the beginning of the large waves of mass educational migration were proficient in the Russian language and were familiar with Russian culture, then the students who followed them were much less proficient in the language and cultural code. And, since the internationalization of education remains a prerequisite for the existence of universities, and long-term adaptation of foreign students to learning conditions worsens the quality of their training, there is a need to organize their psychological and pedagogical support in the first years of study. The purpose of the article: to specify the main problems of adaptation of foreign students to the conditions of study in Russian universities and to justify the need to organize their tutor support. Materials and methods. The study involved 556 international students of the first and second years of study of three Tatarstan universities (Kazan National Research Technological University (KNRTU-KICT), (Kazan); Kazan National Research Technical University named after A. N. Tupolev (KNRTU-KAI), (Kazan); Elabuga Institute of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University (EI KFU) (Elabuga). Research results. The results of the study confirmed the presence of adaptation problems among foreign students. The main ones are difficulties with the Russian language (41%) and acclimatization (21%). It takes 46% of students about a year to get used to the learning conditions, and 23% – more than a year. The main learning difficulties they identify are awkwardness when speaking in public in front of an audience (23%) and teachers’ underestimation of their educational results (20%). More than half of the students see older compatriots as a source of help in overcoming cultural and educational barriers; The help of a supervisor turned out to be effective only for 15% of respondents. Taking into account the results obtained, it is proposed to organize the training of future tutors from among foreign senior students who have undergone appropriate psychological and pedagogical training. Conclusion. While maintaining the institute of curatorship, it is necessary to create a tutoring institute in universities that train foreign students. The main functions of tutors, which are absent from the curators of academic groups, should be to help foreign students overcome barriers to socio-cultural adaptation and insufficient proficiency in Russian, promote the acceptance of foreigners by their new environment, help in building effective interaction with the university administration and teachers, study students' personalities, monitor the results of their educational activities, help in professional identification, monitoring of newly emerging difficulties of students, strengthening cooperation between Russian and foreign students.

SOCIAL PORTRAIT OF A STUDENT OF THE ADVANCED ENGINEERING SCHOOL OF KAZAN FEDERAL UNIVERSITY

Background. In modern Russia, there is a task of creating a strong corps of highly qualified engineers capable of implementing the country’s scientific and technical strategies. Engineers should not only possess professional skills but also creative thinking to generate and implement innovative ideas. Purpose. The aim of the research is to develop and analyze the social portrait of students of the Advanced Engineering School “Cyber Auto Tech” of Kazan Federal University. Materials and methods. The study relies on an integrative approach that combines theoretical positions of psychology and sociology, as well as research methods of comparative analysis, modeling, and classification. Social statistics methods included surveying and data analysis. Results. The research revealed that the typical student of the Advanced Engineering School “Cyber Auto Tech” of Kazan Federal University is a young person aged 18-21 years, with high academic motivation and interested in receiving quality education. Students value the opportunity for budget-based education and the geographical proximity of the university, strive for professional development and financial stability. The research results emphasize the importance of adapting educational programs to modern requirements and challenges to support the youth in the engineering field and contribute to the development of the country’s technological and economic potential.

Design-based learning in higher education: Its effects on students’ motivation, creativity and design skills

In art and design education, the roles of motivation and creative performance in design skills hold immense significance for design students. As such, the teachers’ instructional strategies are crucial. Among these strategies, design-based learning (DBL) is one of the important instructional processes that integrates design principles, problem-solving skills, and creative thinking to engage students in hands-on, authentic learning experiences. This study aimed to investigate the effects of DBL on the motivation, creativity, and design skills of students in art and design education. Pre- and post-test experimental research was conducted on 207 participants who specialize in art and design education at Kazan Federal University and the Kazan State Institute of Culture. Employing non-probability sampling, they were assigned to an experimental (treatment using DBL; 105 students) and a control (traditional instruction; 102 students) group. The findings demonstrated that the experimental group significantly outperformed the control group, while no significant interaction was observed between groups and sexes in the development of motivation, creativity, and design skills. Moreover, achievement motivation was found to significantly influence creative performance and design skills. This research serves as a valuable resource for educators and researchers, as it offers insights into fostering the creative performance of students within the field of art and design education.

Features of the chemical composition of fine suspended particles in the atmospheric air of residential and industrial zones of the city of Sibay, Republic of Bashkortostan

Introduction. Atmospheric particulate matter as a negative environmental factor can be a significant hazard depending on their size, morphometric and physicochemical characteristics. The purpose of the study. To investigate the elemental composition of finely dispersed suspended particles in the atmospheric air of the industrial zones of the mining center of the Bashkir Trans-Urals - the city of Sibay. Materials and methods. Air sampling was carried out in the industrial area of ​​Sibay using an AVA-3-240/180-01 automatic three-channel air aspirator with AFA-VP-20 filters. Microscopy of samples and determination of the elemental composition of dust emissions were carried out at the Interdisciplinary Center “Analytical Microscopy” of the Kazan Federal University (Kazan) on a universal analytical complex for scanning field emission electron microscopy Merlin (Carl Zeiss). Results. On electron micrographs, there were identified particles of various sizes, mostly round in shape with clear edges, located solitary. In the automatic mode of processing the spectra, the peaks of the elements in the spectrum were automatically recognized and identified. In addition to carbon and oxygen, the calcium, iron, silicon, potassium, aluminium, copper, sulphur, sodium and magnesium are main chemical constituents of particulate matter encountered at all sampling points. Zinc was present in dust samples at three points, scandium, titanium, cobalt, barium, and manganese – only at one point. The possibility of the relation between the content of fine particles in the air and the increased incidence of cardiovascular, bronchopulmonary diseases, including asthma, in the population of Sibay is discussed. Limitations. The study of the elemental composition of fine dust in the city of Sibay was carried out using atmospheric air samples taken at 5 points located in residential and industrial areas. Conclusion. The increased content of fine particles in the atmospheric air of the city of Sibay increases the risks of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, as well as other health abnormalities, in the population permanently residing near industrial zones. The obtained data on the parameters of dust particles are the basis for assessing the share contribution of industrial enterprises to air pollution and making management decisions to improve the environmental situation in the industrial center of the mining region.

Radio meteor velocity estimation based on the Fourier transform

A technique for estimating the velocity of radio meteors is proposed. The presented method is based on the analysis of the phase of the Fourier spectra of complex amplitudes of signals reflected from meteor trails. The method is very fast compared to the Fresnel transform method, works at low signal-to-noise ratios and is automatic. Approaches for increasing the signal-to-noise ratio and criteria for rejecting the obtained estimates are proposed. An error of 1–10% was achieved, depending on the signal-to-noise ratio (from −5 dB) and the velocity of the meteor. Comparison of meteoroid velocities from Kazan Federal University meteor radar measurements with optical observations showed good agreement of estimates with a slight underestimation of 2–8%, presumably due to the neglect of deceleration.

Lexicography of the Tatar language ethnocultural vocabulary

The article describes the four-volume “Ethnocultural Dictionary of the Tatar Language”, which was compiled by a team of teachers from the Institute of Philology and Intercultural Communication of Kazan Federal University. This work records the vocabulary of the Tatar language, reflecting the people’s traditional culture, which accumulates information about the surrounding world, living conditions, everyday life, work organization, etc. Such studies are a reliable aid in studying the circumstances and factors of the national culture formation.Ethnocultural dictionaries give a fragmentary idea of the Tatar people’s linguistic picture of the world. To determine the role and place of culturally marked vocabulary selected for the compilation of the dictionary entries, its authors analyzed the dictionaries of the 19th-21st centuries, studied the use of these words as part of phraseological units, proverbs and sayings, as well as their use in songs and works of art. This study of the culturally marked units adds new data to the history of the formation, development and improvement of Tatar material and spiritual culture. The proposed works can serve as a model for compiling ethnocultural dictionaries of other Turkic-speaking peoples; the material, collected in these lexicographic works, will find a worthy place in the dictionaries of concepts of Turkic languages.

The pioneers, historical pages and golden pillars of the silver screen

The article provides a review of the monograph “Tatarstan televideniese: telefottan alyp tsifly tehnologiyalerge” (Television of Tatarstan: From Telephot to Digital Technologies) by Kazan Federal University Professor R. Dautova and KNRTU-KAI Researcher M. Shleimovich. The monograph, dedicated to the history of Tatarstan television, conducts a detailed analysis of the television in terms of its creative and technological development. The review notes that the book widely covers the activities of the people who made a huge contribution to the emergence of television, but whose names are still little known.

Linguistic intuition in the system of teaching Russian as a foreign language at the pre-university stage

The relevance of the study is due to the lack of methodological complexes designed to develop linguistic intuition among foreigners studying the Russian language at pre-university stage. Foreign students at the initial level of education usually use linguistic intuition formed in their native language, but observations show that a full-fledged linguistic intuition in Russian-language speech communication is based on the automatic use of elements and constructions of the Russian language. The purpose of the study is to substantiate the need for consistent use of tasks that contribute to the automated speech skills and stimulate linguistic guess in the process of teaching Russian as foreign language. The following methods were applied: observation of the communicative activities of students learning the Russian language with the proposed methodology, analysis and synthesis of results, as well as observation in order to identify difficulties in achieving automaticity of speech skills and the use of linguistic intuition. The research was conducted at the elementary and basic levels of teaching the Russian language to Iranian students of medical and biological specialties at the Preparatory Faculty of the Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University. A methodology has been developed, based on the system of phonetic, lexical-grammatical and text tasks for classroom and independent work. The training complex uses elements of critical thinking to form and improve speech and cognitive skills that will help foreign students develop the ability to independently solve various communicative problems. Provided that tasks for developing intuition are regularly completed at classroom, it seems promising to achieve freedom of speech behavior of foreign students in communicative acts of various types.

Technology of Project Activity in Media Education (On the Example of Training Aspiring Journalists at Kazan Federal University)

Technology of Project Activity in Media Education (On the Example of Training Aspiring Journalists at Kazan Federal University)

КАРУСЕЛЬНАЯ УСТАНОВКА ДЛЯ РЕСУРСНЫХ ИСПЫТАНИЙ НА АБРАЗИВНЫЙ ИЗНОС

When developing new methods to make hardening coatings on the cutting tool surfaces of tilling machines, the main characteristic parameter determining the ability to serve for a long time, resisting external environmental influences and mechanical wear, is wear resistance. At the same time, this parameter should be determined before life tests in the field. Various stands and installations are available for this purpose. Each of them is characterized by their own advantages and disadvantages. Therefore, based on the specific production conditions, new devices are being developed. In this paper, a rotary-table installation of a specific design is developed for life tests of abrasive wear of various parts. A patent is obtained for it. The differences of this installation from existing analogues are the following: 1 – the pressure of the abrasive material layer on the test sample is regulated by deepening the sample into the abrasive medium; 2 - the test sample is under constant influence of the abrasive material by filling it with the required amount of abrasive materials; 3 – higher efficiency of the installation. This is achieved due to lower power consumption in the absence of friction forces between the sample bracket and the abrasive material. Comparative life tests were carried out for two harrow teeth, the original tooth and the hardened one. The harrow teeth were tested on a simplified model of a developed installation. An experimental inverter vibration control unit of Kazan Federal University was used for treatment. Hardening was performed with a multi-rod electrode at an arc current of 60A. The frequency of the electrode vibration is 100 Hz. Tests show that the service life of hardened harrow teeth when treated by a vibrating arc with a multi-rod electrode is about 5-6 times higher than the service life of factory harrow teeth.

“What Scares Me Is the Speed at Which Artificial Intelligence Is Developing”: Students' Perceptions of Artificial Intelligence in Foreign Language Teaching

As artificial intelligence (AI) becomes an integral part of our daily lives, the concern of the teaching community about the illegal use of these technologies in the educational process is increasing. In order to adapt the education system and teaching practices to new technological challenges, it is necessary to analyze the opinions of all the parties concerned. The purpose of this study is to identify the attitude of students of Kazan Federal University to the use of artificial intelligence technologies in the educational process and the practice of their application in foreign languages learning process. To achieve this goal, an online survey of students of Kazan Federal University was conducted. The survey touched upon the practical aspects of the use of artificial intelligence in language teaching, the advantages and disadvantages of AI tools from the students’ point of view, as well as their opinion regarding the prospects of AI in education. As a result of the study, we came to the conclusion that at the moment AI tools are not widespread enough in teaching foreign languages. Only one-fifth of the respondents use these tools, but the respondents’ comments suggest that the number of users will grow. The attitude of students towards the use of AI is ambiguous, with responses ranging from enthusiastic to skeptical. Students’ positive impressions are mainly related to saving time and effort, as well as to the ability of AI to present complex materials with understandable language. Among the main disadvantages, the respondents noted unreliability of data and fake content. Despite the fact that students are generally positive about the use of AI, a significant part of respondents do not trust software products such as ChatGPT, since, in their opinion, it provides answers of average quality that need to be corrected. Based on the data obtained, the authors attempted to formulate recommendations on improving the methods of teaching and control in the process of teaching foreign languages at universities.

The role of developmental factors in hypoplasia of deciduous teeth and treatment specifics in pediatric dental practice

Relevance. Congenital and systemic diseases can lead to developmental errors in the enamel organ, resulting in anomalies such as enamel hypoplasia. The high prevalence of these defects illustrates the vulnerability of teeth to changes in the intrauterine and postnatal environments. Enamel hypoplasia contributes to the development of caries and tooth wear by making enamel thinner, more retentive to dental plaque, and less resistant to acid degradation compared to normal enamel. Surfaces of the affected hard tissues are smooth and exhibit a symmetric distribution pattern. The occurrence of enamel hypoplasia in children is a significant factor in the development of caries; thus, they require comprehensive treatment and ongoing preventive care by a pediatric dentist.Purpose. To analyze the impact of factors contributing to the development of deciduous teeth hypoplasia in children, on the frequency of this condition and the specifics of its treatment by a pediatric dentist.Materials and Methods. The study involved the examination and treatment of children aged 4-12 at the Dental and Implantology Department of Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University over a 12-month period. Out of 972 children, 67 were diagnosed with systemic enamel hypoplasia. A questionnaire was developed for statistical research, and data were processed using Statistica 7.0 software Statistica 7.0 (StatSoft, США).Results. The survey revealed chronic diseases in 16.42% of mothers. During pregnancy, 68.6% of the mothers visited a dentist once, and 31.3% visited two to three times. Most mothers experienced early pregnancy toxemia—67% in the first half and 58.2% in the second half of the pregnancy. Additionally, 50.7% suffered from acute respiratory viral infections and influenza, and 25.4% had gastrointestinal diseases. Feeding practices involved breastfeeding in 68.7% of cases and artificial feeding in 31.3% (up to 3 months – 16.4%, up to 1 year – 64.1%, up to 2 years – 19.4%). Examination of the oral cavity in 67 children with systemic hypoplasia revealed a spotted form in 79.1% of cases and a purely destructive form in 20.9% of cases. Contemporary conservative dentistry emphasizes minimally invasive approaches to the treatment of such dental defects.Conclusion. The study of deciduous tooth hypoplasia in children highlighted the importance of the health status of the expectant mother and timely sanitation of the oral cavity. Particular attention should be paid to maternal infectious diseases, specifically influenza and ARVI. The findings underscore the need for preventive measures against temporary tooth hypoplasia from the onset of pregnancy planning to enhance the dental well-being of children.

Шейх ал-ислам Закариййа ал-Ансари в книге «Вафиййат ал-аслаф» Ш. Марджани

The article is a study of a fragment from the Arabic manuscript source “Wafiyyat al-aslaf wa tahiy-yat al-akhlaf” from the heritage of a Tatar theologian and 19th-century historian Shihab al-Din al-Marjani (Shigabutdin Marjani). The fragment is dedicated to the biography of a Shafi’i faqih Zakar-iyya al-Ansari (d. 926/1520), the supreme judge of Egypt of the Mamluk era, awarded the honorary title “Shaykh al-Islam”. Based on the manuscript from the collection of the academic library of Ka-zan Federal University, the Arabic text of al-Ansari’s biography was restored in modern orthography and then translated into Russian with comments and a brief analysis in the historical and theological context. Tatar theologian Shihab al-Din al-Marjani provides the basic information about the life and contribution of Sheikh al-Islam Zakariyya al-Ansari to Islamic sciences and emphasizes that he was one of the renovators of the Islamic faith (mujaddid) of his era. The authors of the article, on the one hand, tried to fill a gap in domestic Islamic studies regarding information about the outstanding Shafi’i jurist Zakariyya al-Ansari; on the other hand, they pointed out the importance of studying and translating a unique domestic manuscript source on the history of Islam – the biographical dic-tionary “Wafiyyat al-aslaf wa tahiyyat al-akhlaf” by Shihab al-Din al-Marjani, which has not yet been published or translated in full. For the first time, a fragment from this source with translation is introduced into scholarly discourse.

Specifics of socialization of children with autism spectrum disorders

IntroductionOne of the important tasks of modern education is the adaptation of children with autism spectrum disorders to the social space, which allows them to ensure their personal development and self-realization.ObjectivesStudy of the specifics of the socialization of children of preschool age with autism spectrum disorders.Methods The study involved 27 preschool children with autism spectrum disorders attending an educational institution for children with disabilities; 6 were girls and 21 were boys; 20 children with intact speech and 7 children with speech disorders. The following methods were used: “Map of manifestations of activity by A.M. Shchetinina, N.A. Abramova; “Map of observations of the manifestations of communicative abilities in preschool children” A.M. Shchetinina, M.A. Nikiforova; “Emotional faces” N.Y. Semago.ResultsIt was found that children with autism spectrum disorders have the greatest severity of such activity indicators as “is in a good mood” (1.67), “shows stubbornness” (1.56) and “shows great mobility” (1.56). Among the manifestations of communicative abilities in preschool children, the most developed parameter is: “sincere in his statements, in the manifestation of his feelings” (2,07). At the same time, the lowest expression of communication skills (0.96) in children with autism spectrum disorders is observed in terms of: “has organizational skills”, “the child seeks to understand the other, his thoughts, feelings”; “observant, sees and realizes the characteristics of other children and adults”. The least pronounced indicator is observed in the indicator of initiative; children do not show initiative in communication, have difficulty understanding and supporting the initiative of another child in an interaction situation. Children have a low level of operational communicative actions and skills: children are not expressive in communication, do not master verbal means of communication and are not able to maintain contact with communication partners.ConclusionsThe results obtained in the study confirm the need to develop and implement psychological and pedagogical programs aimed at developing social skills in preschool children with autism spectrum disorders. This paper has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Anticipatory competence of adolescents with movement disorders in the prevention of deviations

IntroductionAnticipation is the most valuable component of the regulatory side of human behavior. Adolescence is a sensitive period in relation to the formation of an anticipatory and prognostic system, which in turn provides an opportunity to assess causal relationships and evaluate the consequences of actions taken.ObjectivesStudy of the anticipatory viability of adolescents with long-term disorders in the prevention of deviations.MethodsThe study involved 46 adolescents aged 11-15 studying at a specialized boarding school for children with disabilities. The observational method was used as well as the author’s methodology “Studying the anticipatory solvency of adolescents” Akhmetzyanova A.I., Artemyeva T.V.; “Diagnostic questionnaire for identifying propensity to various forms of deviant behavior for students of educational institutions” developed by the Department of Psychiatry of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov.ResultsThe subjects had difficulty predicting the passage of time, with its adequate and rational distribution, including planning their own activities. Adolescents with musculoskeletal disorders had difficulty making a pragmatic and realistic forecast of possible events in communication with other people, as well as predicting the emotional states of interaction participants. Adolescents with movement disorders were characterized by an inadequate assessment of themselves as a subject of professional activity, fixation on the movement disorder, and high levels of anxiety and neuroticism. The subjects showed a tendency to suicidal behavior due to risk factors such as high levels of anxiety associated with self-esteem and anxiety in interpersonal relationships, high affectivity and demonstrativeness, social pessimism and negative prediction of the future. During the correlation analysis, the relationship between spatio-temporal and speech-communicative anticipatory consistency with indicators of deviant behavior - delinquent behavior and deviant behavior was revealed.ConclusionsThe data obtained in the study will allow specialists to timely identify and prevent the development of deviant behavior, as well as build a route for correctional classes with each child.. This paper has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Specifics of anticipatory competence of adolescents with speech pathology

IntroductionAdolescents with speech pathology experience disturbances in sound pronunciation, phonemic processes, poor vocabulary, insufficiently formed grammatical structure, and disturbances in coherent speech. The specifics of the emotional-volitional sphere of adolescents in this group are anxiety, isolation and negativism prevent the establishment of full social contacts with peers and adults and complicate the formation of their anticipatory competence.ObjectivesStudying the specifics of the anticipatory competence of adolescents with speech pathology.Methods The study involved 56 adolescent children aged 11-15, attending an educational institution for children with disabilities, diagnosed with general speech impairment level 2. The study was carried out using the following methods: “Achenbach Questionnaire”, “Test of Anticipatory Consistency” by V.D. Mendelevich, “Anticipation of the outcome of a situation with a violation of the norm” by V.P. Ulyanova and the author’s methodology “Studying the anticipatory competence of adolescents” by Akhmetzyanova A.I., Artemyeva T.V.Results It was revealed that adolescents with speech pathology experience difficulties in mastering the material, it is difficult for them to concentrate their attention on the task and bring the work they have started to the end. Adolescents of this nosological group face difficulties in predicting the outcome of situations and the consequences of their own behavior in a situation of social interaction, find it difficult to control time in the process of doing homework and organizing leisure time, make a forecast of various situations that may arise at school and family, make new acquaintances, and communicate freely with parents, teachers and peers.Conclusions The level of speech development influences the formation of personal-situational, speech-communicative anticipatory competence of adolescents, and the ability to predict speech situations. Teenagers with speech pathology need help from adults This paper has been supported by the Kazan Federal University Strategic Academic Leadership Program.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Нарративный анализ мотивационных структур гражданской активности студенческой молодежи при создании культурно-просветительских обучающих проектов

A modern university is a space for professional exchange, spiritual search, formation, development and self-development of the individual, students and teachers. Studying the motivational structures of student youth's civic engagement helps teachers in the search for teaching and communication strategies, and also contributes to project activities. Student activity is considered as a complex process of social interaction, including communication and professional activities. The article presents a study of motivational structures that stimulate students to be active in cultural and educational projects. The experiment (February - August 2023, Kazan) was based on quantitative and qualitative methods, including a survey (158 people), analysis of successful cases, application of a narrative approach to the focus group method and expert interviews. It was revealed that motivational structures directly depend on the psychological profile of generations. For Generation X, the least significant motive is “Communication” (3.17 points) and the most significant motive is “Self-development” (4.83 points). For generation Y, the least important motive is “Presentation, personal brand” (2.47 points) and the most important is the “Knowledge” motive (4.84 points). For generation Z, this parameter, indicated as less significant, was rated at 3.83 points, the highest value for generation Z is the motive “Self-development” (4.93 points). For older respondents, the structure of motives becomes more complex, expanding the composition of the components that form the motive, which leads to more informed decision-making. The leading motive for participation in cultural projects for respondents of all ages was “Self-development.” The results of the study were tested in training programs by lecturers and students of the High School of Journalism of the Kazan Federal University when creating educational and cultural projects based on The Contemporary Art Gallery of the National Museum of Fine Arts (Kazan), which is aimed at youth audiences.