Economy Of Kazakhstan Research Articles

Armenia’s possible issues with respect to applying Common Customs Tariff and Prospects on the Amounts of Transferred Customs Duties upon Accession to the Eurasian Economic Union

Purpose: to identify the possible issues with respect to applying Common Customs Tariff (CCT) and prospects on the amounts of the transferred Customs Duties upon Armenia’s accession to the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). Design/Methodological approach: Based on the literature review, analysis of the statistical data to identify those factors that would explain the growth reported in the amounts of transferred customs duties from the authorized authorities of Member states of the EAEU and what are the possible issues related to switching to the CCT. Findings: Armenia attempted to substitute imported goods from third counties with products originating within EAEU borders during the period 2015-2017. However, the strong growth of the economy could result in an increase in imports as well, especially from third countries. Therefore, Armenian companies could somehow suffer from applying of CCT over the medium term and in the long run. Applying CCT “is not likely to create problems for Armenian commitments to the WTO” (Tarr, 2016:7-8). The pattern of the transferred customs duties over the period 2015-2017 pinpointed the vulnerability of amounts received to currency crises in other member states, thus leading to poor economic performance and decline in imports from third countries. Conclusion: There is some uncertainty on how soon the progress in integrating the EAEU markets could be made, and specialization would take place to allow Armenian companies to fully substitute the supplies of third country origin with products originating within the EAEU markets. Meanwhile, Armenian companies would either opt for new suppliers or cooperate with old suppliers from third countries at least in the medium term. If Russia is successful and reports huge progress in implementing import substitution policies, Russian imports from third countries could drastically decrease, thus entailing a decline in amounts transferred as customs duties in the long-run. The vulnerability of the economies of Belarus, Kazakhstan, and Russia to currency crises would affect the amounts received as customs duties by Armenia. Practical Implications: The findings could be used by the Ministries of Finance, and Economic Development and Investments of Armenia in making their forecasts and building scenarios on budget revenues, economic growth, and in assisting Armenian companies to find new suppliers, especially in the EAEU member-states in the long-run.

Analysis of the State and Prospects for the Development of Vocational Training for Young Professionals

The article, based on the author's empirical study, gives the feature of the development of professional mobility as the most effective for the development of the Kazakhstan economy. The emerging post-industrial economy places high demands on the quality of education, on vocational training and on the development of professional skills. This means that their training level shall meet the requirements of modern information and service technology. The article gives special attention to youth in shaping the political, social and economic shape of the future country. The research topic is at the intersection of a number of topical problems of modern society, such as the education of workers, the all-round development of an individual, the scientific management of society. The paper is aimed at identifying the reasons for increasing the number of graduated young people among the unemployed, working out the proposals to eliminate the social consequences of unemployment. This paper is also aimed at considering the theoretical and methodological aspects of studying the problem of unemployment among graduated youth. All this speaks about the importance of determining the employment step of a young specialist to assess the impact of this process on society and people. The unemployment of young specialists, as we see, is a complex social and economic phenomenon, and its impact on the society's life is quite contradictory. In this regard, it becomes more important to determine the optimality of employment of young professionals. In this article, the author also characterizes the development stages of the economy and tries to find a more efficient model for the development of the Kazakhstan economy. The emerging post-industrial economy requires quality education in the training of professionals, that is, qualified staff, this means that the level of trained professionals shall meet the requirements of modern information technology. This article especially highlights the issues of forming the image of young professionals, as they are the political and social face of our country.

The existence of a stable money multiplier in the small open economy of Kazakhstan

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether a long-run stable money multiplier exists in Kazakhstan. It also investigates whether different episodes of currency shocks, including the financial crisis and recession of 2008–2010, have affected the working of the money multiplier in Kazakhstan.Design/methodology/approachThe long-run multiplier is tested employing three cointegration tests: Engle–Granger (1987), Phillips–Ouliaris (1990) and Johansen and Juselius (1990).FindingsThe results of cointegration and coefficient restrictions tests are consistent with the money multiplier when broad money (M2 and M3) is used rather than when narrow money (M1) is used. The relationship between broad money and monetary base is structurally stable when examined on the basis of a dynamic (an error-correction) model. However, the M2 multiplier performs better than the M3 multiplier.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper is restricted to testing a mechanistic version of the money multiplier and its stability using both narrow (M1) and broad money (M2 and M3) supplies. Thus, the paper focusses on the money view of the multiplier rather than the credit view of the multiplier.Practical implicationsOne implication that emerges from the findings of this paper is that the National Bank of Kazakhstan can control M2 by controlling the monetary base, and hence the latter can serve as an indicator for monetary policy.Social implicationsThe validity of the money multiplier implies that monetary policy can be conducted to control the money supply and the provision of bank credit to private sector to stabilize economic activity, thereby leading towards social stability in the economy as well.Originality/valueIn addition to offering a coherent survey of the literature on the standard money multiplier, this paper is a first attempt to find a stable money multiplier for Kazakhstan.

Prospects for Using Cryptocurrency in the Economy of Kazakhstan and the Attitude of the National Bank

The modern stage of the evolution of money is associated with the development of virtual economy as part of the global economic system based on interactive business on the ground of information technologies. The development of new forms of money is due to the activation and deepening of the information sphere and information society. Due to such conditions and the impact of technological innovation, economic science acquires a new meaning; significant changes take place in all spheres of economic activity, including the financial sector. The manifestation of such changes is the transfer of transactions into the electronic format, the emergence of new means of payment, the latest payment instruments and systems. The paper considers the main features of cryptocurrencies, with attention to the most popular and widespread of them - Bitcoin. Based on the expert survey and literature, the attitude of the central banks of foreign countries and the National Bank of Kazakhstan regarding the recognition and regulation of cryptocurrency have been analyzed, and conclusions about the prospects for using cryptocurrency in Kazakhstan have been made.

Commercializing university research in transition economies: Technology transfer offices or direct industrial funding?

There is a paucity of knowledge on research commercialization by university scientists worldwide. The objective of this paper is to identify the role that Technology Transfer Offices (TTOs) and direct Industrial Funding play in university research commercialization in transition economies of Azerbaijan, Belarus and Kazakhstan during 2015–2017. We do this by developing a novel database and a multi-level model which explains how individual attributes, organizational and ecosystem characteristics explain the extent of knowledge commercialization.We apply the generalized Heckman approach to account for two selection biases, reducing the sample from 2602 to 272 scientists, and further use a mixed-method approach to analyse 27 face-to-face interviews with researchers and TTO managers. The results demonstrate that research commercialization is not associated with the existence and awareness of TTO or the establishment of commercialization contracts via TTO, but the direct industrial funding of university research. Taken together the findings have clear implications for scholars, scientific entrepreneurs, TTOs and investors who aim to exploit university knowledge in transition economies.

Sustainable Development of Mineral-Raw Complex

At present, the acute question of rational resource consumption and resource saving arises in the republic. Sustainable development of the economy of Kazakhstan should be based on the planned and effective use of natural resources, in terms of the combined use of raw materials by enterprises of the mineral and raw materials complex. The current situation at the enterprises of the mineral and raw materials complex testifies to the need for the further development of the enterprise management system in order to obtain an additional chain of surplus value by passing out valuable components from raw materials. In connection, fundamental scientific research is needed, which makes it possible to scientifically substantiate improvement of the enterprise management system, the results of which can significantly improve the efficiency of the enterprise in the rational use of raw materials, both in terms of its processing, and in the direction of preserving the ecology of the region.

The Role of Petroleum in Kazakhstan Economy

Kazakistan’ın petrol sanayii, ülkenin ekonomik güvenliğinin ve bağımsızlığının ana unsurlarından biridir. Sovyet Sosyalist Cumhuriyetler Birliği’nin dağılmasından sonra, Kazakistan’ın pazar ekonomisine geçiş sürecinde petrol endüstrisi ülkenin ekonomik gelişiminde öncelikli yer almıştır. Kazakistan’ın enerji sektörü, bağımsızlıktan sonra geniş çaplı dönüşümler yaşamış ve piyasanın serbestleşmesi ve endüstrinin düzenlenmesi ile önemli ölçüde geliştirilmiştir. Kazakistan’ın büyük petrol rezervlerine sahip olması ve dünya petrol piyasalarındaki olumlu gelişmeler, aynı zamanda ülkenin ekonomik ve endüstriyel gelişimi açısından petrol piyasasını en umut verici sektör haline getirmiştir. Dolaysıyla, petrol piyasasındaki değişimler, özellikle petrol fiyatlarındaki dalgalanmalar, ülkenin ekonomik gelişimini büyük ölçüde etkilemektedir. Bu makalede, 1991-2016 dönemi petrol fiyatındaki değişikliklerin önemli makroekonomik göstergeler üzerindeki etkilerini analiz ederek, Kazakistan ekonomisinde petrolün rolünü değerlendirmeye çalışacağız. Bunun yanı sıra dünya petrol fiyatlarındaki dalgalanmaların Kazakistan ekonomisi üzerindeki olumsuz sonuçlarını azaltmak için bazı önerilerde bulunacağız.

Problems of developing the foundations of sustainable competitiveness of industrial and innovative economy in Kazakhstan

Problems of developing the foundations of sustainable competitiveness of industrial and innovative economy in Kazakhstan

The Efficiency Research of the Oat and Proso Market in the Modern Kazakhstan

Abstract This article researches how efficient is the oat and proso market in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Moreover, this work offers recommendations to improve operational efficiency of the oat and proso market in Kazakhstan. The research purpose is to offer theoretical and practical background that describes how to use economic mechanisms to develop the agrarian economy in Kazakhstan. The research observation consists of comparative, quantitative, econometric and analytical methods. The research result is to research the efficiency of the internal oat and proso market in Kazakhstan. The research conclusion shows that the Kostanay province is among the leaders in growing oats and the Pavlodar province in growing proso.

Excerpts on the history of public administration of Kazakhstan's economy

Excerpts on the history of public administration of Kazakhstan's economy

Problems and Prospects of sustainable tourism in the Republic of Kazakhstan

This survey attempts to identify the existing problems faced by the tourism sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan and to identify the government policies initiated for the betterment of the tourism sector of the country. The methods of data collection, which were used are interviews from the travel and tour agents for the identification of the problems faced by the tourism industry of Kazakhstan and survey from the board members of the tourism companies of Kazakhstan. The method was used to reach logical conclusions and catered individual considerations in line with the research question. Recommendations to propose ways in which the government can improve the sector are given. The impact of sustainable tourism sector on the economy and financial health of Kazakhstan is presented.

Evaluation of Industrial and Innovation Policy in the Diversification of Industrial Structure of Kazakhstan's Economy

It is considered in paper role and place of the State Program of forced industrial-innovative development of Republic of Kazakhstan for 2010-2014 in providing of diversification and enhancing competitiveness of economy. It is given analysis and evaluation of program implementation, its influence on development of priority economy sectors providing diversification of branch structure of economy, forming centers of economic growth, and ensuring of effective interaction between government and business in development of priority economy sectors.

Конкурентоспособность экономики Казахстана в рамках ЕАЭС

Конкурентоспособность экономики Казахстана в рамках ЕАЭС

Диверсификация пищевой промышленности Казахстана в условиях глобализации

Today, in the economy of Kazakhstan, industry plays a huge role. The share of industrial production is about 30% of the gross domestic product. At industrial enterprises of Kazakhstan, work nearly 20% of the population employed in the economy. Industrial enterprises are fully provided with their raw materi- als, which contributes to their development. The food industry plays one of the most important roles in the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. According to the Statistics Committee of Kazakhstan for 2017, the share of this sector in the total industrial output of the Republic is 7.0%, whilst manufacturing industry is 19.8%. The food industry of Kazakhstan is among the most dynamic segments of the country’s economy. The predominant share in the structure of the relevant industry owned by grain processing, production of milk, bread, meat, fruit and vegetable cultivation, activities of oil and fat companies. Sig- nificant needs of the RK for food imports are still being preserved. This can predetermine the prospects for further growth of the relevant segment as an instrument for import substitution. The government of the country also plays a significant role in the development of the food industry      in Kazakhstan. So, the authorities of Kazakhstan call large-scale programs to support manufacturers. Mainly, this is subsidizing, reducing interest rates on corporate loans, facilitating the acquisition of fixed assets. It is expected that during the implementation of the relevant initiatives by government agencies to support businesses several trillion tenge will be invested. It is also planned to adjust a number of provisions of the tax legislation in order to optimize the interaction between the enterprises of the food industry and the state in the context of budgetary allocations. This article analyzes the food industry in Kazakhstan, examines the main problems of this industry and suggests ways to improve the efficiency of the food industry in the context of globalization. Key words: food industry, enterprises, globalization, export, import, food.

Территориальное разделение и историко-географические особенности казахских земель (XVIII-XIX вв.)

The article deals with the history of territorial division and historical and geographical features of Kazakh lands. In addition, the results and consequences of 1822, 1824, 1867-1868, 1886, 1891 years of the reforms adopted by the Russian Empire, with the intention to conquer the Kazakh lands, are shown. The main goal of the reforms was the destruction of the Kazakh state, the creation of administrative-territorial divisions, the definition of borders and the full use of natural resources. In the research work, static data are provided on the division of Kazakh lands into administrative-frontier areas, and tables and maps showing the territories of the governor-general are given.In this paper, historico-geographical features, nature, land, and economy of Kazakhstan have been studied in different ways. Information is given on the social situation and living conditions of the Kazakh people, who at the same time were engaged in cattle breeding and farming. In addition, the territories, borders and centers of oblasts, which were divided after the reforms, were considered

SELECTION OF THE OPTIMAL WAY OF DEVELOPMENT FOR THE OIL DEPENDENT ECONOMY OF KAZAKHSTAN

The report describes the current problems in the country's economy, characteristic of Kazakhstan's economy. This is shown by the high dependence of the country's economy on natural resources and changes in prices for them. In the past, rapid development of natural resources, in particular hydrocarbons, allowed the country to maintain high growth rates. However, because of the expected low oil prices in the foreseeable future and the transition of hydrocarbon production to the stage of the plateau, this driver of growth has dried up. The article also discusses possible ways of finding new drivers of growth.

Вопросы дерегулирования экономики и развития бизнеса в Казахстане

Вопросы дерегулирования экономики и развития бизнеса в Казахстане

Monetary Policy in Ensuring Sustainable Development of Kazakhstan's Economy

Monetary policy is a set of money policy measures (which primarily governs changes in the money supply) and credit policy (aimed at regulating the volume of loans, the level of interest rates and other indicators of the loan capital market). At the present stage, monetary policy is one of the methods of the state's indirect regulation of the economy. Analysis of economic literature and actual statistical data on the successful implementation of monetary policy shows that the main directions of monetary policy should be linked with macroeconomic state policy, that is, with the forecast of the country's socio-economic development for the next period, fiscal policy, with foreign economic policy (the forecast of the balance of payments of the country). To this end, the central or national bank interacts with government agencies, commercial banks.

Analysis on the Impact of International Oil Price Changes on Kazakhstan's Economy

The oil resource is one of necessary resources for the economic development of a country. Whether for developed or developing countries, the oil reserve is an important issue for national economic development. Kazakhstan is one of countries with the country's economic development mostly driven by oil export, and the international oil price changes have a great impact on its economic lifeline.

The Content of Professional Training of Future Informatics Specialists in Kazakhstan: Process of Developing Educational Program

The article focuses on the training of future informatics specialists in higher education system of Kazakhstan. The prelude to the change in the educational program, analysis of Competence was described, Competence was analyzed and the competence-based model of the informatics specialist was built for Kazakhstan. An educational program has been developed on the basis of this model that includes requirements not only of normative documents, but also of other customers (employers, IT professionals). The development of industry in Kazakhstan gave rise to the inclusion of the industrial and engineering areas into the program, that will allow students in the future to access employment in the industrial sector of the economy of Kazakhstan.