Kazakhstan Research Articles

INTERACTION OF CONSTITUTIONAL LAW AND INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The article is devoted to the interaction of intellectual property law with the constitutional law of the Republic of Kazakhstan (hereinafter - RK). The Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan proclaims freedom of work and profession, as well as freedom of choice of creativity. Paragraph 1 of Article 20 of the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan states that freedom of creativity is guaranteed. Currently, the scientific research of Kazakhstani scientists does not pay enough attention to the freedom of creativity. The analysis of materials and documents of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan indicates the absence of a deeper analysis of the constitutional guarantee of freedom of creativity and the limits of this freedom. In addition, there are no provisions on intellectual property in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the interpretation of norms can only be literal, and we are talking only about freedom of creativity. In this article, the author attempts to show the problems of interaction of intellectual property law with constitutional law, since the relationship between them is deeper than it is reflected in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the legal literature, most studies of the constitutional and legal regulation of creative relations are reduced only to the objects of copyright, while the freedom of creativity lies in invention, the objective expression of means of individualization. The author has analyzed the concepts of creativity and freedom of creativity and justifies the need for the constitutional consolidation of intellectual property guarantees, to obtain constitutional and legal protection, since it has a significant role in the state policy of the development of the economy of Kazakhstan, expressed in industrialization and the widespread use of digital technologies, which are based on creative intellectual activity. In this regard, it is not enough to establish only a constitutional and legal guarantee of freedom of creativity and labor, it is necessary to include intellectual property norms in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, thereby enabling authors and the copyright holder to constitutionally protect their rights and legitimate interests.

Education and human capital: Socio-philosophical aspect

Education is as a social institution that ensures social stability and integration. Additionally, education plays a role in the socialization of individuals, including their acceptance and execution of social roles and statuses. This article raises issues of the development of education as a social institution and as a factor in the for-mation of human capital. The authors present and analyze key theoretical approaches to defining the role and significance of education in shaping human capital. The concept of “human capital” is examined within the context of contemporary Kazakhstani society. Human capital is viewed as an investment in personal devel-opment and social welfare, encompassing not only material success but also improvements in quality of life. The authors analyze the main trends in the development of higher education in Kazakhstan, provide statistics on government educational grants for higher education, and the allocation of quotas across regions of the country. The state, as a regulator, consciously implements policies to support socially vulnerable populations and improve the lives of youth from densely populated areas of the country. This work was carried out as part of a project funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No AP14971423 “Sociocultural adaptation of students studying under the “Serpin” program to the university space”).

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN EXPERIENCE IN IMPLEMENTING PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL GUIDANCEFOR SOFT SKILLS DEVELOPMENT OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS

The article discusses modern methods and practices of psychological and pedagogical guidanceforthe soft skills development of students in higher educational institutions. With globalization and rapid technological progress, traditional teaching methods are becoming insufficient. The purpose of this study is to conduct a comparative analysis of modern methods and practices used in different countries, with the aim of adapting and introducing them into the higher education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The methodological basis of our research is a personal approach, which involves considering the individual characteristics of each student.The analysis of international experience revealed effective methods, such as emotional intelligence development, active learning, coaching and mentoring, project-based and problem-based learning, gamificationand the flipped classroom. These approaches demonstrate high effectiveness and can be adapted for use in the higher education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The introduction of these methods helps to improve the quality of education, improve the employment of graduates and their competitiveness in the labor market. Successful integration of these practices will require adaptation to local conditions and training of teachers, which will significantly increase the level of specialists’training in Kazakhstan.

Rural development: the basis for the realization of agrarian policy

Among the problems currently existing in the regions of Kazakhstan is the increasing outflow of able-bodied population from rural areas and localization in the suburban zone of cities. The aim- is to identify the causes of deterioration of the demographic situation in rural settlements (RS) and to develop recommendations for stabilization of the rural economy in the West Kazakhstan region. Methods - retrospective when obtaining data for past periods of time, comparative analysis - to compare the information obtained, on the basis of economic and statistical method the selection and analysis of statistical indicators of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, used information from scientific institutions, official sources, defined absolute and relative parameters, average values. Results - it is shown that the main factors of degradation of most rural areas of Western Kazakhstan are the lack of a clear vision of the role and place of rural residents and rural areas in the socio-economic development of the republic, weakening of state regulation in the sectors of agriculture. Conclusions - the prospects for building the capacity of rural areas of the West Kazakhstan region is associated with a number of interrelated problems that need to be solved as soon as possible, primarily modernization of social and technical infrastructure, increasing the motivation of the economically active part of the rural population in mastering new knowledge and technologies, which will increase labor income and effective demand of rural residents for goods and services. The study indicates that in rural areas the situation with investment and expansion of small business activities is ambiguous. It is necessary to emphasize the small business entities in the sphere of agrarian production and the formation of social facilities - housing, catering enterprises, social and cultural facilities, education, pre-school education, sports and recreational facilities. This author's position provides for the possibility of forming greater investment attractiveness and attracting extra-budgetary sources of financing. Elimination of environmental barriers will require improvement of the current regulatory and legal framework.

Education and human capital: Socio-philosophical aspect

Education is as a social institution that ensures social stability and integration. Additionally, education plays a role in the socialization of individuals, including their acceptance and execution of social roles and statuses. This article raises issues of the development of education as a social institution and as a factor in the for-mation of human capital. The authors present and analyze key theoretical approaches to defining the role and significance of education in shaping human capital. The concept of “human capital” is examined within the context of contemporary Kazakhstani society. Human capital is viewed as an investment in personal devel-opment and social welfare, encompassing not only material success but also improvements in quality of life. The authors analyze the main trends in the development of higher education in Kazakhstan, provide statistics on government educational grants for higher education, and the allocation of quotas across regions of the country. The state, as a regulator, consciously implements policies to support socially vulnerable populations and improve the lives of youth from densely populated areas of the country. This work was carried out as part of a project funded by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan (Grant No AP14971423 “Sociocultural adaptation of students studying under the “Serpin” program to the university space”)

Gender approach in the state policy of Kazakhstan: the history of implementation, results and problems

In the article the process of introducing a gender approach into the state policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, its historical stages and achievements was examined. The purpose of the study is a comprehensive analysis of the evolution of gender initiatives, as well as an assessment of the effectiveness of government measures tak-en to achieve gender equality in the field of work. The objectives of the study include: a historical overview of the key stages of the introduction of a gender approach into public policy in Kazakhstan, an assessment of the impact of gender policy on the socio-economic development of the country, identification of problems on the way to the realization of gender equality. The relevance of the study is due to the need for a deep under-standing of the mechanisms for introducing a gender approach into the public policy of Kazakhstan and de-termining its effectiveness, which contributes to the development of more effective strategies to eliminate gender imbalances and increase the level of gender equality in society. The study aims to contribute to the scientific dialogue on gender studies in Kazakhstan by providing an analytical framework for further re-search. The chronological framework of the study covers the period from independence in 1991 to 2021, demonstrating a 30-year path of development of gender policy in Kazakhstan.

KAZAKHSTAN'S HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF COMPULSORY SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE

This article is devoted to the analysis of the Kazakhstani healthcare system in the context of the implementation of the compulsory social health insurance system. It will examine issues related to healthcare costs, the degree of satisfaction of the population with health insurance, the quality of medical services, etc. Since its introduction in 2020, the healthcare insurance system in Kazakhstan has encountered significant challenges. These include public dissatisfaction with the quality of medical services, inadequate coverage of the population with health insurance, vulnerabilities in the insurance information system, the existence of medical supplements, underdeveloped infrastructure in rural areas, and information asymmetry in the health insurance sector. President of Kazakhstan, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, criticized the reform process of the health insurance system and addressed these issues during a meeting with the Government on February 7, 2024. This article delves into the evolution of the Kazakhstan health insurance system by analyzing financial indicators and monitoring data. Through this analysis, problematic areas were identified, and practical recommendations were developed to optimize the compulsory social health insurance system. Various scientific methods were employed in this study, including institutional analysis, synthesis, literature review, comparative and contrastive, and sociological methods. The goal of this study is to provide recommendations for enhancing the healthcare system in Kazakhstan during the implementation of compulsory social health insurance. The empirical foundation of this study consists of legislative documents in the healthcare sector, official publications, and analytical and statistical reports from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The hypothesis of the study is that the introduction of compulsory social health insurance in Kazakhstan is intended to promote positive changes in the healthcare system, but due to existing organizational and financial barriers does not improve the availability and quality of medical services. Keywords: health, health insurance, health care system, public administration, health care costs.

Issues of efficiency of financing the agricultural sector

In many economically developed countries, state support, financial investments in the agricultural industry, increasing productivity and profitability, ensuring the availability of food are the main factors of economic growth, first of all, employment of the population. Purpose - the main problems of financing the agro-industrial complex of the republic and scientific approaches to their solution are considered. Methods - comparative analysis, synthesis, monographic, logical evaluation to determine the mechanisms affecting the effectiveness of state aid and investment. Results - the article analyzes the sources of budgetary allocation of the agrarian sector. The significance of the implementation of targeted programs aimed at improving the quality of life of rural residents through price, tax, leasing mechanisms, soft loans and subsidies is shown. The study presents information for 2018-2022, supplemented by the data of the National Project on the development of agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2021-2025, including the total volume of agro-industrial production and the size of capital investments. The study notes the need to increase the volume of domestic processing industry, allowing agricultural producers to expand the market for products, create conditions for new jobs, attract investment, and contribute to economic and social stability. Conclusions - specialization of rural areas, development of technical map and related organization of production in promising villages and district centers, increase in exports, distribution of online services are strategic directions of development of food complex, economic activity of agroformations. The use of external resources gives an opportunity to improve financial results, and farms - to increase income from core activities. When planning large investments in agricultural projects, one of the key criteria is the choice of capital structure to support the investment process.

OBJECTIVE SIDE OF THE ACT, PROVIDING FOR CRIMINAL LIABILITY FOR PROVOCATION OF BRIBE TAKING: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE LEGISLATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN AND RUSSIA FEDERATION

The presented scientific article highlights the problematic issues arising in law enforcement practice due to the imperfect content of the disposition of Article 417 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which provides liability for provocation of bribe taking. The author draws attention to the objective side of the considered act and the role of the concept of "attempt" used in the disposition of the considered norm. The relevance of the chosen topic is confirmed by the results of statistical data analyzed in the course of this study. The author conducted a comparative legal analysis with the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation and studied the points of view of Kazakhstani and foreign researchers on this issue, in order to substantiate the author's position that under the provocation of bribery should be understood not only actions covered by the attempt to transfer the object of bribe, but also actions that include the transfer of the object of bribe. This inference is also based on the fact that, despite the identical wording used in the articles of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation (that criminal liability is incurred for attempted provocation), the Normative Resolution of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Resolution of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation indicate that a person is not subject to criminal liability for bribery, if there was a provocation consisting in the transfer of the object of the bribe, i.e. it is the transfer itself, not the attempt. In conclusion, the author proposes amendments to the Kazakh legislation in order to improve it, namely to the criminal-legal norm provided in Article 417 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, in order to exclude the facts of unjustified prosecution of persons for bribery.

INFLUENCE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOME ASPECTS OF THE THEORY OF CONSTITUTIONAL REGULATION OF RELATIONS IN THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN: PROBLEMS AND WAYS FOR IMPROVEMENT

In the article, the author, by analyzing various points of view, proposes theoretical and practical ways to improve such a complex phenomenon of constitutional and legal reality as constitutional regulation of social relations. Considering the dynamics of the development of digitalization products and the deepening of this process, as well as its impact on constitutional matter, the lack of unified universal criteria, the author considers it necessary to invite deputies of the Senate and Mazhilis of the Parliament of the Republic of Kazakhstan, judges of the Constitutional Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan, representatives of executive authorities, scientists to begin work on the popularization of constitutional terms reflecting the influence digitalization, initiate systematic work to include such a comprehensive document as the “Concept of constitutional regulation of the Republic of Kazakhstan”. According to the author, in addition to terms, it should also include a set of practical actions, in particular conducting constitutional monitoring, adding effective constitutional instruments such as constitutional incentives and constitutional permissions, etc. In practical terms, the concept of the development of constitutional regulation will allow us to formulate a holistic view of the directions of regulation of social relations, determine the areas of constitutional regulation, and the role of state bodies in this process. Specifying the goals, objectives, and stages of the sequence of measures that contribute to the development of constitutional regulation will ensure the improvement of constitutional regulation and will also solve several pressing problems - constitutional norms correspond to legal reality, would not allow for their arbitrary interpretation, and would establish uniform standards of behavior for subjects of legal relations. Understanding that this process will take more than one day, we note that in the opinion of the author, the state has all the necessary resources to carry out this work.

Justification of design-mode parameters separating device

In Kazakhstan, the basis of the country's food security is livestock products. Increasing the production of livestock products is impossible without creating a strong feed base, high-quality preparation of feed, rational use and reduction of feed losses. Preparation of coarse stem feed for feeding requires grinding with feed grinding and mixing machines to obtain balanced feed mixtures. The grinding process is complicated by the fact that, along with coarse stem feed, foreign solid impurities enter, which damage the cutting organs of machines and cause a long shutdown of the entire feed preparation line, disruption of the feeding schedule, and reduction in animal weight gain and milk yield. These problems are of particular relevance in the development of small farms with a low level of mechanization. The authors have developed a device for separating foreign solid impurities from coarse stem feeds, the novelty of which is confirmed by a patent for an invention of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The article theoretically substantiates the influence of the design and operating parameters of the separating device for cleaning stem feed from foreign solid impurities. To separate foreign solid impurities from bound materials, such as stem feed, the most effective are separators with working bodies in the form of an air flow. In separators of this type, differences in the totality of physical and mechanical properties are used to separate foreign impurities from stem feeds. This approach makes it possible to achieve better separation by mechanical devices and expect their development towards the use of as many combinations of the distinctive properties of the separated components as possible.

CALCULATION TO DETERMINE THE TECHNICAL AND ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY OF PUMPING UNITS FOR LIFTING WATER FROM WATERCOURSES POWERED BY WATER ENERGY FOR WATERING PASTURES AND IRRIGATION OF LAND

The problem of effective water supply using natural energy resources of water in modern conditions is promising and relevant, the solution of which is rationally carried out from watercourses with the necessary standard sizes of a hydraulic ram pumping unit, the design of which has a novelty. At the Kazakh National Agrarian Research University conducted applied research to improve the efficiency of water supply from watercourses in the system of irrigation of lands and irrigation of pastures of peasant and farm farms of the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Kazakhstan through the development of an improved hydraulic ram pumping unit with an increase in its energy indicators: hydraulic shock pressure, supply, pressure and efficiency. This article presents a calculation to substantiate the economic efficiency of the studies carried out on the use of the necessary standard sizes of an improved hydraulic ram pumping unit (NUV-7-12 and NUV-17-20) for water supply to peasant and farm farms of the Republic of Kazakhstan and irrigation of lands located in areas of adjacent watercourses, compared with basic pumping units (AN - 2K - 9 - M1 and ANS-60 D).

RETURNING TO THE PUBLICATION OF DOCTOR OF JURIDICAL SCIENCES, PROFESSOR M.A. SARSEMBAYEV «THE NEED TO IMPROVE STANDARDS OF ILO CONVENTIONS AND THE KAZAKHSTAN LABOR LAW»

This article analyzes the article by Professor M.A. Sarsembayev on the topic «The need to improve standards of ILO conventions and the Kazakhstan labor law», which was published in the Bulletin of the Institute of Legislation and Legal Information of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 2 (47) in 2017. In the article Professor M.A. Sarsembayev focuses on the International Labor Organization (ILO) conventions, including the e Convention on Equal treatment and equal opportunities for men and women workers: workers with family responsibilities, adopted in Geneva on the 67-th session of the ILO General Conference on 23 June 1981, the Convention on the Protection of Wages, adopted in Geneva on 32-th session of the General conference of the ILO 1 July 1949, and the ILO Convention on the Minimum Wage Fixing Machinery by 16 June 1928, which are ratified by the Republic of Kazakhstan, with the aim of improving the norms of national labor legislation. The author also identifies shortcomings in these conventions and provides recommendations (translations, new formulations, additional articles, and terms) for their improvement, emphasizing that Kazakhstan, as a party to these conventions, can make proposals for their enhancement through the ILO’s Bureau of Labor Administration. The article also addresses the issue of accession to conventions such as the Convention on Minimum Standards of Social Security (No. 102), the Convention on the Right to Organize and Collective Bargaining in Agriculture (No. 11), the Convention on Compensation for Workmen in Agriculture (No. 12), and the Convention on Medical Care and Sickness Benefits for Workmen in Agriculture (No. 25), considering their significance for the national legal system of Kazakhstan.

Ensuring food security of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the conditions of import substitution

The aim is to determine the level of food self-sufficiency of the country in the conditions of import substitution. In developing the theoretical section of the work universal scientific methods - analysis and synthesis, comparison, logical. Collection and processing of secondary information, based on the use of official data of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the Ministry of National Economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the results of the Global Food Security Index 2022. Results - theoretical aspects of the food situation and issues of accessibility of quality products for the population were studied, the role of the agrarian sector in the economy of Kazakhstan was shown and the importance of the agrarian sector in the economy of Kazakhstan was substantiated. Calculated and analyzed such indicators as the degree of self-sufficiency of consumption products in the country, output of various types of products per capita, average consumer spending on food, the dynamics of exports and imports of food products. The dependence on imports of the main types of foodstuffs is considered and the forecast of production of products of the agrarian sphere with regard to ensuring food independence is presented. Three forecast scenarios are proposed: basic, optimistic and pessimistic. Conclusions - it is revealed that food stability implies a sufficient level of development of the agro-industrial complex, at which the domestic demand for food products can be largely satisfied by the production of own food products. The key task of agrarian policy - to achieve selfsufficiency in the country of at least 80% of the total demand is outlined. Import substitution contributes to the implementation of large-scale and deep modernization of the domestic agro-industrial complex, which requires the use of innovative technologies.

THE ROLE OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL DISCOURSE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC LANGUAGETRAINING OF ENGINEERS

In this article the content analysis of the concept “scientific and technical discourse” is carried out and various aspects of this concept are systematized. Based on foreign and domestic practices, the main components that characterize scientific and technical discourse as a separate category have been revealed. The key characteristics and properties of scientific and technical discourse are identified, the knowledge and use of which will ensure successful communication in the scientific and technical environment. The specific influence of the identified characteristics on the effectiveness of scientific training has been clarified, since their correct use can significantly increase the quality of language education and training of technical specialists as a whole, improve their professional knowledge and language skills, as well as make them more competitive in the labor market.This scientific work is the result of research obtained in the process of project implementation “Intensification of scientific and professional language training of technical specialists in the context of digital transformation of education” (IRN AP19678460) by the grant funding of Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

PROBLEMS OF JUDICIAL ACTS REVIEW IN THE SUPREME COURT OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

The work is devoted to studying the problems of reviewing court decisions of lower courts by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This article examines the control of higher courts over lower courts' activities in the system to ensure the rule of law in case consideration and decision-making. The procedure of reviewing judicial decisions by a higher court that have become effective and those that are not effective in the order of cassation and supervisory review, as well as representations of the President of the Supreme Court, and protests of the Prosecutor General of Kazakhstan, are investigated. Problems of citizens' implementation of their constitutional rights to judicial protection and appeals against court decisions are highlighted. The grounds for reviewing judicial acts that have entered into force, the range of subjects entitled to apply for review, criteria for the admissibility of appealing judicial acts as well as procedure for preliminary consideration of complaints and protest by a judge alone is shown. The analysis of these issues allows us to conclude that the current grounds and procedure for reviewing judicial decisions of the appeal and cassation courts based on the submissions of the Chairman of the Supreme Court and the Attorney General of the Republic of Kazakhstan firstly hinder the realization of citizens' constitutional right to judicial protection, including the right to appeal against judicial decisions, and secondly prevent the formation of consistency in judicial practice. The lack of guidance to lower courts on reviewing judicial decisions by way of cassation and supervision has once again convinced courts of their inability to achieve consistency in the interpretation and application of law, as well as failure to contribute effectively to citizens' exercise of the right to justice. The paper provides a critical analysis of judges, lawyers, and legal experts on the current process for the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan to review appeals and cassation court decisions. At the end of the paper, the author draws conclusions and makes suggestions regarding the enhancement of the constitutional right to judicial protection and uniformity in court practice.

Mechanism of introduction of quality management system at the enterprises of the construction industry: case of the Republic of Kazakhstan

Purpose – The aim of the research was to apply the principles of the quality management system in order to establish a framework for implementing quality management practices within the construction industry. Research methodology – The study involved analysing the global experience of certifying enterprises according to ISO 9001 standards. The research used a qualitative approach, analysing QMS documentation, case studies, and literature to gain a comprehensive understanding of QMS implementation in established companies. Findings – It resulted in the development of a system model for introducing and implementing the quality management system in construction industry enterprises, following the ISO 9001 standard. Practical implications – The enterprises of the Republic of Kazakhstan are not exceptions from world practice, including the enterprises of the construction industry. However, there are few construction industry enterprises that would be certified according to quality management standards, including the ISO 9001 standard. Some do not have the financial and human resources to implement a quality management system, others lack understanding of where to start. Originality/Value – The study also focused on generalising and providing detailed insights into the processes involved in implementing the quality management system at construction industry enterprises.

THE IMPACT OF TECHNOLOGICAL MODERNIZATION ON THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF KAZAKHSTAN

In modern conditions, the transition of the economy of the Republic of Kazakhstan to an innovative path of development is possible only on the basis of changes in the technological process of all sectors of the real sector of the economy. The basis for the technological modernization of the economy is innovation, which has reached a new level in the process of evolution. The main purpose of the study is the possibility of assessing technical modernization as a factor influencing the economic development of Kazakhstan. Important for assessing the development of the country's economy are the parameters, which include GDP, foreign direct investment, added value of industry, and high-tech exports. The study examines indicators assessing technological modernization and economic development in various countries. Based on data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, as well as website data theglobaleconomy.com The equations are based on correlation and regression analysis. The generated equation describes the level of GDP based on 48 countries of the world where the Republic of Kazakhstan is present, but at the same time, all the presented data are used for 2023. The added value of industry, which is one of the significant components of GDP, is used to form the development of the basis of industrialization. Taking into account the technological modernization of Kazakhstan, it should mainly capture industrialization, but with current trends, it should also take into account the modern digital economy. In conclusion, suggestions are given on the existing problems of technological modernization.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRO-TOURISM ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

This article discusses the potential for the development of agro-tourism, which is an industry of the national economy that requires significant investment. Agro-ecotourism is one of the most popular forms of modern recreational activity. Depending on their specific characteristics, natural and climatic conditions, and management practices, various countries of the world organize this activity in different ways. It has been determined in this work that recreational activities are based on agro-landscapes and natural recreational resources. A systematic approach was the basic methodological foundation for this research, specifically the method of factor analysis, which enabled the identification of key questions for surveys that form the basis for prospects for agro-ecotourism development. A sociological survey conducted by KAZTOUR based on the author’s questionnaire revealed population preferences in the field of agrotourism. Among the organisers of tourist trips, 30.9% chose hiking, 24.4% chose enjoying nature, 15.5% wished to get acquainted with agriculture and care for animals, and 13.6% expressed a desire to receive diverse impressions from a business trip. The majority of people (70.4%) preferred a foothill landscape, 26.1% preferred a river-steppe landscape, and only 3.4% preferred a desert landscape. Most respondents, 47.6%, preferred two-day trips with overnight stays, another third, 33%, chose one-day trips without overnight stay, and only 7% of respondents chose a week-long vacation. A program has been proposed for the successful development of agritourism in Kazakhstan at the city or even country level, reflecting factors that will lead to a high demand for agritourism among the population. These factors are listed in the results of the article. As part of the development of the tourism cluster in the republic, priority areas for tourism have been identified: business tourism, ecological tourism, cultural and educational tourism, active and adventure tours. The main tasks have been identified and necessary methods have been proposed to address the issues of popularization and development of agritourism on the territory of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Land use and land management in Kazakhstan

Global climate warming annually leads to a decrease in the agro-climatic potential of farming, many areas of traditional cultivation of land become unsuitable for agriculture due to desertification, swamping and erosion processes. Purpose - the concept of sustainable land use is considered, taking into account foreign experience. Methods are based on the system analysis of works of domestic and foreign scientists and data from the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan, analytical reports of the Committee on Land Resources Management. Results - different approaches to solving the problems of agroindustrial complex are presented, the main trends in the development of the agrarian sector of the republic, the need to combat land degradation, to preserve their productivity and ecosystem functions are shown. Conclusions - the analysis of world practice shows that the principles of land cultivation based on environmental, social and economic criteria should be implemented based on the effective use of agricultural land, that is, through the optimization of agricultural land fund. The research has an interdisciplinary character. The systematic study of this issue contributes to the application of rational methods of land management in agricultural production. The authors note that the use of digital technologies in the sphere of land relations will help to increase the efficiency of production and economic activity, to unite the main factors and efforts of the participants of this process in a single information space, to increase the reliability and completeness of transmitted data. Digital infrastructure in the farming system is the driver of future development. Provision of all types of services in accordance with land legislation should be digitized.