Experience Of Kazakhstan Research Articles

Improving the Investment Policy of Countries with a Transit Economy: the Experience of Kazakhstan

The relevance of the study is determined by fact that Kazakhstan faces difficult tasks to ensure sustainable economic growth, the solution largely depends on investment policy. Since the key feature of the country’s economy is a high level of technological heterogeneity, new industrial policy, implemented in the country since 2010, is designed to eliminate the technological backwardness of industries, ensure the renewal of capital, and create new points of innovation and investment growth. The purpose of the article is to identify the main problems of the investment policy of Kazakhstan, based on the analysis of its generalized indicators, and to formulate the directions for its improvement in the medium term. Following global trends, Kazakhstan is entering the stage of the fourth energy transition to the use of renewable energy sources. However, the continued dependence of the country’s economy on energy leads to the fact that the decline in prices for raw materials in the world markets reduces the competitive position of mining enterprises in the world market. In light of the above and given that the field of renewable energy sources will become the most attractive investment area in the foreseeable future, the authors emphasize the importance of structural measures to improve the investment environment for attracting foreign capital and advanced technologies to the development of alternative energy. In the context of the increasing complexity of national industries, the considered experience of Kazakhstan in improving investment policy can be useful for an in-depth study of transformational transformations in countries with a transitional economy.

Contradictions of the institutional and economic environment of the development of new market countries: the experience of Kazakhstan

The current cyclical transition, complicated by the COVID–19 pandemic, has revealed weak links in the economies of many countries, caused by systemic contradictions accumulated over 30 years. Kazakhstan, as a country that has been building market relations only since the end of the 20th century, found itself in the grip of not only economic and political, but also institutional costs. One of the problems hindering the economic development of the nation is the contradictions between the political ambitions of the authorities and the real results of the implementation ofstate programs, the loss of public trust. The purpose of the study isto assessthe quality of economic growth in Kazakhstan. An attempt is made to provide an analysis of the institutional and economic environment and an econometric assessment of the real indicators of the country's development. The methodological basis was the scientific heritage in this area and new theoretical and methodological approaches of modern scientists in the study of issues of socio-economic development. The object of the research is economic development of Kazakhstan. Research results: based on the historical and logical analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of economic development and the constructed regression model of panel data, it is shown that an increase in the level of indicators selected in official statistics has a small effect on economic growth, that is, there is a discrepancy between the target indicators of state programs and actual results. Revealed the institutional features of Kazakhstan's development model that cause economic lag.

New Approaches to the Construction of a Diversified Economy: the Experience of Kazakhstan

New Approaches to the Construction of a Diversified Economy: the Experience of Kazakhstan

Problems of the effectiveness of the implementation of international agreements in the field of waste management: the study of the experience of Kazakhstan in the context of the applicability of European legal practices

Problems of the effectiveness of the implementation of international agreements in the field of waste management: the study of the experience of Kazakhstan in the context of the applicability of European legal practices

Creative industries in developing countries: experience of Kazakhstan

Purpose of the research. The aim of the study is to identify the characteristics of creative industries in a developing country like Kazakhstan and derive the main obstacles.Research methodology. In this study, a descriptive analysis of the creative industries in Kazakhstan was carried out on the basis of a qualitative study (interview), in which 84 representatives of the following spheres took part: performing arts (26 %), design (20 %), craft (14 %), software and computer systems (13 %), music (13 %), cinematography (6 %), architecture (3 %), television and radio (2 %), interactive entertainment programs (3 %).Originality / value of the research. The concept of creative industries is gaining in importance and infl uence in both developed and developing countries. The results of the study are valuable for both academic and political spaces, enriching the literature with theoretical and practical recommendations for improving the development of creative industries.The results of the study. As a result of the study, codes were identifi ed, united into groups that formed the following categories: business model, motivation, fi nancing, technology, networks, barriers, position of Kazakhstan and COVID-19, according to which a qualitative analysis of domestic creative industries was carried out. As a result, the decoding of each code revealed that the bulk of the industry representatives (38 %) are individual entrepreneurs, 31 % are freelancers, 21 % are LLP representatives; the main source of funding are the representatives of the industry themselves (65 %), lending (17 %) and government support (6 %), which indicates a low involvement of government agencies in the development and support of creative industries. To eliminate barriers to development, it was proposed to increase the level of state involvement in the form of fi nancial and legal support, to establish communications with foreign representatives to exchange experience and improve the qualifi cations of domestic specialists, etc.

The Role of Public Policy in the Formation of Religious and Secular Values: the Experience of Kazakhstan and Turkey

The authors of the research provide a comprehensive analysis of the role of state policy in the formation of religious and secular values. Scientists give various examples and evidence of the effectiveness of the Turkish model of religious and confessional policy for Kazakhstan. The article considers the problem of religious minorities in Kazakhstan and Turkey. Also the features of cooperation of the Turkish state and authorities with public organizations were analyzed and the possibilities of using the Turkish experience in the practice of Kazakhstan were considered.

Innovations in Economic Development in the Modern Conditions of Globalization: Experience of Kazakhstan and Foreign Countries

In this article, the authors conducted a study and analysis of the impact of innovations on the economies of countries, the current state and development of innovative activities, the introduction of new technologies, characterized by an increase in the role of their results in the life of mankind. The mechanisms of support from the state and business of research work, the creation of special educational programs for young scientists and innovators, and spaces where they could develop innovative technologies are considered. At a certain stage of innovation, the role of innovation, the introduction and widespread distribution of new products, is a key driver of growth.

Analysis of key steps to overcome the crisis in tourism during a pandemic: the experience of Kazakhstan and the United Kingdom

Purpose of research. The coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown has created a significant threat to the global economy as well as the life of each of us. This paper examines the effect of coronavirus on tourism and proposes a framework of how Kazakhstan can adopt strategies from the international experience (e.g., the UK, Italy, Spain) in order to support tourism sector.Methodology. To achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the study applies qualitative research method that includes in-depth literature reviews of secondary data including research publications (books, peer reviewed journal, reports, government portals, conference papers, online news/article sources etc.).Originality / value. The study includes the analysis of the secondary data concerning the consequences of COVID-19 on economy through comparative analysis between the actions concerning the recovery process of two governments: Kazakhstan and the UK. Based on that the most appropriate recovery steps were presented that would be helpful for tourism support.Findings. This study finds that in the short- term, it might be more appropriate for national economies to prioritize domestic rather than international tourism. Also, in terms of medium to long terms plans, it is important for Kazakhstan learning lessons from international experiences to take actions for the tourism recovery plan, e.g., the support scheme for heritage places and organizations.The article recognizes the practical impact of this review that it can be consulted as an action plan (or handbook) on which steps could be adopted to support tourism. The limitation is that this research is based on the secondary data which is scarce and that the COVID-19 is still happening and the recovery process is an ongoing event, there are not many reliable academic literatures published yet. The findings of the study are expected to aid the academics to conduct future in-depth research.

Kazakhstan experience in adopting NEBA within its legal framework

ABSTRACT Kazakhstan's legal framework concerning oil spill issues has been reviewed and updated during 2015–2019, driven by the adoption of good international practice. Ensuring the full response toolkit is available and options are chosen to mitigate the overall impact of an incident were critical principles. The Oil Spill Preparedness Regional Initiative (OSPRI), in conjunction with national industry (North Caspian Operating Company - NCOC and KazMunaiGaz - KMG), shared the net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA) approach and later the Spill Impact Mitigation Assessment (SIMA) with key agencies and authorities as part of this effort. As the first step, workshops and seminars on NEBA were organized at local and national levels. These were facilitated by international experts and national consultants to build awareness and understanding. The second step was to embed NEBA within the legal framework. The legal system has a strong hierarchy including Codes, Laws and Orders. The National Contingency Plan (2015), approved by Order, acknowledged NEBA and gave impetus to develop additional legislation on the NEBA process. To ensure proper legal force, it was suggested to embed NEBA higher up the hierarchy, in the Subsoil Use Code (2017). Practical implementation of NEBA (during simulation exercises) and review by authorities of a draft NEBA report prepared by NCOC, revealed that the process required further clarification. It was not clear how NEBA should be presented in contingency plans, for authorities' review and approval i.e. whether it should be a separate report or incorporated within the plan. It was mooted that proposed amendments to the Environmental Code would aid clarification. In order to support a coherent process of contingency plans' approval, NEBA should be supported by a suitable and recognized implementation methodology. The SIMA methodology has been proposed as an option in Kazakhstan. Work on the Environmental Code's amendments, incorporating suitable clarifications, is expected to be completed in 2020. Based on the experience of NEBA adoption in Kazakhstan, cooperation between industry and authorities, exercises and workshops leads to positive results. The process has taken some years, as capacity building and legislative developments were required, but is reaching a successful conclusion. This will inform the choice of response options for any future incidents, to achieve least overall ecological and socio-economic impacts.

YOUTH POLICY PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

The article presents a brief overview of management effectiveness assessments by foreign and Russian researchers; the methodology of SIA (Social Impact Assessment) – assessment of social consequences in the implementation of development, methods of evaluating projects and programs (Global Youth Development Index and Global Youth Welfare Index). The experience of Kazakhstan (YDI and YWI indicators) is described; the experience of foreign countries and the EAEU countries is analyzed. It is proved that the existing problem in the field of public administration of youth policy programs is the lack of certain criteria and performance indicators that are not properly regulated and not fixed at the legislative level in Kazakhstan and other CIS/EAEU countries. In this regard, it is recommended to identify specific indicators for the effectiveness of the implementation of the state youth policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan; to test them based on the results of the activities of a particular region of the Republic of Kazakhstan to develop recommendations for improving the manageability of youth programs.

Effectiveness of customer loyalty

This article examines the issues of consumer loyalty, taking into account Kazakhstan's experience in hospitality, examines the loyal programs of well-known hotels in the country, analyzes the research of several authors in the framework of the previous loyal topics. For the hospitality industry, which is currently developing in large volumes, it is important to study customer loyalty and think through the right program. When writing the article, the methods of theoretical analysis and generalization were used. The content, criteria of loyalty are examined theoretically. Sustainable consumer incentive programs are common in Kazakhstan hotels. A well-thought-out marketing policy aimed at retaining and attracting new guests significantly increases the load on the hotel and makes it more attractive for corporate clients. With the introduction of so-called loyalty programs, domestic hotels of the same use foreign experience and their know-how. Currently, the hotel can use the following tools to establish close contact with the customer and meet their needs. To encourage regular guests, it isrecommended that the hotel keep a record of repeated customer requests. To do this, the hotel must develop a special program that constantly stores all information about customers who have rooms. After receiving all the necessary information about the participants of such a program, you can send them to the hotel with special offers for hotels and congratulate them on holidays and anniversaries. Address mail, interactive communication, and personalization of guests must continue from the moment of planning a trip to the hotel and after the client arrives at the hotel. The implementation of research results in practice is the main result of the study. The use of the research results discussed in this article to increase the loyalty of guests in the hotel business of the country is the scientific result of the study.

Social entrepreneurship: theory and practice

This article examines the existing approaches to the interpretation of the concept of "social entrepreneurship". Social entrepreneurship, as a field of scientific research, in the process of its formation is characterized by insufficient definition of theoretical boundaries, content and conceptual apparatus. The need to clarify the definition of social entrepreneurship will determine the format of its use and development in the process of growing contradictions between social and economic problems and, in the context of the global Covid-19 pandemic that has embraced all countries of the world. Being one of the actively developing forms of entrepreneurial activity, today social entrepreneurship is designed to solve problems affecting the improvement of the level of well-being and quality of life of both socially vulnerable groups of the population and society as a whole. Kazakhstan's experience of social entrepreneurship is a new trend in the development of the economy. Crowdfunding and fundraising should be mentioned as innovative and used tools in the foreign practice of social entrepreneurship. The realities of the current crisis indicate that the adaptation of people of a socially vulnerable group in society, the growth of their social and economic activity are becoming one of the many tasks that social entrepreneurship is designed to implement. In this regard, it is necessary to actively cooperate with state structures, the business and social sectors. The article uses general scientific principles and methods of logical analysis, synthesis, ascent from the abstract to the concrete, as well as a system of general methodological principles of dialectical cognition of social reality as the methodological basis of the research.

Family Policy as a Power Source of Political Stability: The Experience of Kazakhstan

Abstract This article is based on an analysis of the results of a survey conducted among 106 experts in the field of family policy in Kazakhstan in March 2020. The study results provided an expert assessment of family policy effectiveness in Kazakhstan and civil society’s role in it. The results show that experts assess the effectiveness of the civil sector in implementing the national family policy above the state: the level of efficiency is two times higher, and the level of knowledge and competencies is three times higher. In this regard, the government should interact more intensively with non-governmental organizations.

Exposing policy gaps: the experience of Kazakhstan in implementing distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic

Purpose The purpose of this study is analysing the experince of Kazakhstan in implementing distance/online learning during pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all areas of social and economic life, including education. More than 1.3 billion students worldwide have switched to online/distance learning. In Kazakhstan, more than 6 million active participants in the educational process are navigating this online migration. There is significant criticism of the process among the general population, demanding scholarly investigations into the government’s actions. Design/methodology/approach This paper examines the re-organization of education in Kazakhstan during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods to uncover this included an express survey of 31,300 households, in interviews with 65 parents, 15 children, 9 school/college/university administration and teachers and 15 representatives of the Government of Kazakhstan, and in analyses of statistical and regulatory documents. Findings This study finds that the government of Kazakhstan has faced significant issues in the transition to distance/online learning due to weak internet infrastructure and a lack of effective interaction with all stakeholders, as well as biased statistical and analytical information. Originality/value The pandemic has functioned as a test of government readiness for crisis and has exposed several fault lines where official development policy has been ineffective. While the “gap” between policy and outcome is often attributed to failures in local implementation, the unique factors at play here – an interested citizenry and committed teachers – show that considerably more work has to be put into bringing “best practices” from developed countries to developing ones.

Contradictions of institutional and economic environment: Experience of Kazakhstan

Contradictions of institutional and economic environment: Experience of Kazakhstan

Стратегия трансформации медицинского ВУЗа в исследовательский университет

The transformation of medical universities into research universities is one of the promising models for the development of organizations of higher and postgraduate medical education. Development according to the model of a research university based on the generation of new knowledge through research and development, effective management of intellectual property and commercialization of new knowledge and developments will ensure the broad development of fundamental and applied scientific research for the needs of the industry and the country, training based on scientific achievements, broad international partnership in science with leading academic and scientific centers, as well as large-scale promotion of the results of scientific research and innovations in the practice and policy of healthcare.The purpose of this study was to select and justify the necessary conditions and measures for the transformation of medical universities into a research university. To achieve this goal, the domestic and international experience of creating research universities was analyzed. The object of the study in Kazakhstan was the development programs of research universities already established in Kazakhstan. The analysis of Kazakhstan's experience indicates that both multidisciplinary universities and universities with specialized areas (technical, medical, agrotechnical) can receive the status of a research university. The transformation in the research university is aimed at significantly strengthening the scientific component in the university's activities by widely attracting funding from domestic and foreign grant-givers, increasing funding from the University for scientific research, creating a broad infrastructure for research and innovative activities at the university, creating favorable conditions and motivation for the teaching staff to engage in research and innovative activities, supporting scientific schools, opening a commercialization office and a business incubator, developing scientific publications of the university, etc. All these measures are aimed at increasing the share of income from scientific activities, the growth of publications, the citation rate of articles, the number of international and national patents, the volume of commercialization of research results, improving positions in national and global science rankings, etc.An analysis of international experience indicates that a modern research university works in the interests of a dynamically developing society, it is a training center, a leading research center, as well as a center for innovation and translation of the results of scientific and innovative activities into the field of practical application.The proposed strategy for the transformation of medical universities into research universities includes the following key areas: strengthening and continuous development of the university's human resources in the field of scientific and innovative activities; formation of an effective infrastructure for scientific and innovative activities of university staff and students; improvement of management mechanisms of scientific and innovative activities at the University; creation of an effective environment for involving students in science and supporting young scientists; strengthening cooperation on scientific and innovative activities with leading foreign and domestic universities, research centers, enterprises of the medical and pharmaceutical industry; gaining recognition in scientific and innovative activities at the national and international level.Keywords: research university, medical education, research and innovative activity.

Казахстан: на пути к «озеленению» финансовой системы

The global growth trend of “green” economy and “green” finance encompasses more and more countries, including those with emerging markets. Two largest EAEU countries, Russia and Kazakhstan, both being fossil fuels and other raw materials exporters, have increased their efforts in the “green” finance development. This is the reason of Russian interest in the analysis of Kazakhstan experience in this area. The article reveals the policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan in “greening” its financial system. Special attention is paid to the initiatives of the Green Finance Center, established by Astana International Finance Center. The key initiative here is the adoption of Kazakhstan national Green Taxonomy. The article also evaluates the cooperation projects between Green Finance Center and multilateral development banks, Eurasian Development Bank in particular, as well as international organizations such as OECD and UNEP.

Russian and Russian-speaking prose in the situation of multiculturality: experience of Kazakhstan

The article is devoted to the modern literary process in Kazakhstan, specially its Russian and Russian-speaking segment against the background of integration movements in the world and specific cultural processes in the post-Soviet space. It reveals how much the situation and part of literature created in Russian language in the region over the past decades has changed, how a different identity, the mentality of a different culture is expressed and how in turn this culture affects Russian-language texts. An attempt is made to trace the main trends in the development of modern Kazakhstani literature in Russian, in connection with which the works of I. Odegov, G. Doronin, H. Adibaev, D. Nakipov, A. Zhaksylykov and others are analyzed. It is concluded that the Russian language, even after losing its former status, remains in demand in the literature not only by ethnic Russians, but also by Kazakh bilinguals who are successfully experimenting with Turkisms. At the same time, Russian authors are concerned about the preservation of national identity, which motivates the appeal to classics and national folklore, while Kazakhs are more focused on the space of world literature.

Declaration system in the civil service: experience of Kazakhstan and the UK

The article examines and compares the declaration systems in the Republic of Kazakhstan and the United Kingdom, since the declaration institute is one of the most effective tools for preventing conflicts of interest. In particular, the study examines the aspects of disclosure and verification of data in the declaration system of two countries. The functioning of an effective state apparatus requires strong consistency with the principle of transparency and accountability. In this situation, public officials, disciplining their behavior, are aware of responsibility for their actions. To ensure the disclosure of reliable and complete declared information, it is necessary to use a verification system. Verification is also one of the most important components in the process of forming an effective system for declaring income and assets, liabilities and interests. It is a tool that allows to prevent and identify conflicts of interest, which often lead to the commission of the corruption violations. This article uses the method of comparative analysis, since comparative analysis allows to determine the fundamental values, and accordingly, to offer the most appropriate solutions to the problems. In the first part of the analysis, the author explores the Kazakhstani declaration system, in particular, the concept of declaration is given, the regulatory provisions on disclosure and verification of declared information are analyzed. Next, in contrast, the system of Great Britain is examined, on the same basic aspects. This approach allowed us to identify the pain points in the Kazakhstani system and made it possible to apply the positive experience of the UK. The study provides an information base for both the civil servants and the non-governmental sector and the population. As a result of the research, the author offers a number of recommendations on the VAP principle developed by the author, based on the experience of the UK, to improve the declaration system in Kazakhstan.

The role of the public council in local government

In the modern world, public councils (councils) exist in almost every legal state. They are created in various forms and spheres of public life to achieve the political goals of the state. In general, councils widely exercise their powers in monitoring the activities of state bodies, public control, developing regulatory documents, and expressing the opinion of the population. In implementing the concept of a “hearing state”, councils effectively respond to constructive requests from citizens and are the most important link between the state and society, since problems in the state apparatus are caused by the lack of feedback from the population between local government and citizens. The article highlights the realities from the moment of adoption of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan “On public councils” to the present day, indicating the presence of a number of problems that bureaucratize and devalue the ideological basis. At the same time, practice shows real results that have a positive impact on building a dialogue and mandatory regulatory procedures that have no impact on society. The problems that have accumulated today, such as duplication of functions, lack of motivation, imperfect legislation, and others, require certain measures to be taken. This was preceded by the lack of practical experience of Kazakhstan at the time of adoption of the law, insufficient analysis of foreign practice and gaps in legislation. Solving these and other problems, as well as building the work of councils on a new principle, promotes openness and responsibility of the state to the population.