Kawai-Lewellen-Tye Research Articles

KLT and new relations for $ \mathcal{N} = 8 $ SUGRA and $ \mathcal{N} = 4 $ SYM

In this short note, we prove the supersymmetric Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) relations between N=8 supergravity (SUGRA) and N=4 super Yang-Mills (SYM) tree-level amplitudes in the frame of S-matrix program, especially we do not use string theory or the explicit Lagrangian form of corresponding theories. Our supersymmetric KLT relations naturally unify the non-supersymmetric KLT relations and newly discovered gauge theory identities and produce more identities for amplitudes involving scalars and fermions. We point out also that these newly discovered identities can be used to reduce helicity basis from (n-3)! further down.

New identities among gauge theory amplitudes

Color-ordered amplitudes in gauge theories satisfy non-linear identities involving amplitude products of different helicity configurations. We consider the origin of such identities and connect them to the Kawai–Lewellen–Tye (KLT) relations between gravity and gauge theory amplitudes. Extensions are made to one-loop order of the full N=4 super Yang–Mills multiplet.

New relations for gauge-theory amplitudes

We present an identity satisfied by the kinematic factors of diagrams describing the tree amplitudes of massless gauge theories. This identity is a kinematic analog of the Jacobi identity for color factors. Using this we find new relations between color-ordered partial amplitudes. We discuss applications to multiloop calculations via the unitarity method. In particular, we illustrate the relations between different contributions to a two-loop four-point QCD amplitude. We also use this identity to reorganize gravity tree amplitudes diagram by diagram, offering new insight into the structure of the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) relations between gauge and gravity tree amplitudes. This insight leads to similar but novel relations. We expect this to be helpful in higher-loop studies of the ultraviolet properties of gravity theories.

The quintic interaction vertex in light-cone gravity

We consider pure gravity in light-cone gauge and derive the complete quintic interaction vertex. Up to quartic order, the Kawai–Lewellen–Tye (KLT) relations can be made manifest at the level of the Einstein–Hilbert Lagrangian. The quintic interaction vertex represents an essential first step in further extending the off-shell validity of the KLT relations to higher order vertices.

KLT relations from the Einstein–Hilbert Lagrangian

The Kawai–Lewellen–Tye (KLT) relations derived from string theory tell us that perturbative gravity amplitudes are the “square” of the corresponding amplitudes in gauge theory. Starting from the light-cone Lagrangian for pure gravity we make these relations manifest off-shell, for three- and four-graviton vertices, at the level of the action.

String theory and the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye relations between gravity and gauge theory including external matter

We consider the Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) factorizations of gravity scalar-leg amplitudes into products of Yang-Mills scalar-leg amplitudes. We check and examine the factorizations at $\mathcal{O}(1)$ in ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ and extend the analysis by considering KLT mapping in the case of generic effective Lagrangians for Yang-Mills theory and gravity.

Multi-leg one-loop gravity amplitudes from gauge theory

By exploiting relations between gravity and gauge theories, we present two infinite sequences of one-loop n-graviton scattering amplitudes: the ‘maximally helicity-violating’ amplitudes in N = 8 supergravity, and the ‘all-plus’ helicity amplitudes in gravity with any minimally coupled massless matter content. The all-plus amplitudes correspond to self-dual field configurations and vanish in supersymmetric theories. We make use of the tree-level Kawai-Lewellen-Tye (KLT) relations between open and closed string theory amplitudes, which in the low-energy limit imply relations between gravity and gauge theory tree amplitudes. For n ⩽ 6, we determine the all-plus amplitudes explicitly from their unitarity cuts. The KLT relations, applied to the cuts, allow us to extend to gravity a previously found ‘dimension-shifting’ relation between (the cuts of) the all-plus amplitudes in gauge theory and the maximally helicity-violating amplitudes in N = 4 super-Yang-Mills theory. The gravitational version of the relation lets us determine the n ⩽ 6 N = 8 supergravity amplitudes from the all-plus gravity amplitudes. We infer the two series of amplitudes for all n from their soft and collinear properties, which can also be derived from gauge theory using the KLT relations.