Kariadi General Hospital Research Articles

Prolonged Hospital Stays in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) Patients: The Role of Comorbid Conditions

Background: Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is a widely used treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), but it is associated with frequent hospitalizations that can significantly impact patients' quality of life and increase healthcare costs. This study aimed to investigate the influence of comorbid conditions on the length of hospital stay (LOS) in CAPD patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on CAPD patients admitted to Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang between January 1st, 2023, and December 31st, 2023. Data on demographics, comorbidities, and LOS were extracted from medical records. The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to assess comorbidity burden. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed to identify predictors of prolonged LOS, defined as exceeding the median LOS. Results: The study included 52 CAPD patients with a median LOS of 18 days (range: 1-72 days). Patients with comorbidities had a significantly longer LOS compared to those without comorbidities (20.25 ± 12.88 days vs. 12.50 ± 3.63 days, p = 0.045). The presence of comorbidities was significantly associated with prolonged LOS (odds ratio [OR] 2.87, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.15-7.16, p = 0.023), as were older age (OR 1.05, 95% CI 1.01-1.09, p = 0.012) and peritonitis as the primary reason for hospitalization (OR 3.54, 95% CI 1.38-9.08, p = 0.008). Conclusion: Comorbid conditions are significant contributors to prolonged hospital stays in CAPD patients. These findings underscore the importance of effectively managing comorbidities in this population to optimize healthcare resource utilization and improve patient outcomes.

Serotonin Levels and Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting in Cancer Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Nausea and vomiting are distressing symptoms experienced by cancer patients undergoing treatment, impacting their physical well-being and quality of life. Serotonin, a neurotransmitter known for its role in regulating mood and gastrointestinal function, has been implicated in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). This study aimed to investigate serotonin level differences between CINV and non-CINV groups among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. An analytical observational investigation utilizing a cross-sectional design was conducted at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital from 2021-2022. Non-random consecutive sampling was employed to select participants meeting inclusion criteria, including age between 18 and 65 years, undergoing chemotherapy, non-smoking, and no recent antibiotic use. Platelet-poor plasma samples were analyzed for serotonin levels using a radioimmunoassay kit (Microplate reader ELx800). This study included 61 subjects compared serotonin levels in two groups to investigate their potential association with chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). The non-CINV group (n=31) had a median serotonin level of 70 (IQR: 20) ng/mL, while the CINV group (n=30) had a significantly higher median of 170 ng/mL (IQR: 50) ng/mL. Age was associated with a 1.2 ng/mL increase in serotonin per year (95% CI: 0.5-1.9, p = 0.002), adjusted for sex. Being male correlated with a 40 ng/mL increase (95% CI: 10-70, p = 0.010), adjusted for age. This study underscores the importance of understanding serotonin's role in CINV and highlights the need for tailored treatment approaches based on chemotherapy emetogenicity.

Factors Associated with Survival Rate in Biliary Atresia Patients Following Kasai Surgery

Introduction: Biliary atresia is the most frequent cause of obstructive jaundice leading to liver fibrosis, end-stage liver disease, and death. Kasai surgery offers a bridge to attenuate liver fibrosis progression through reconstruction of the biliary system. The success of the Kasai procedure depends on the presence of jaundice, age at the time of surgery, clay-colored stool, and bilirubin counts. Aim: This study aimed to investigate and predict the death incidence of Biliary atresia patients following Kasai Surgery in our institution. Method: We conducted a case-control study from March 2020 to January 2022 at Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia. We collected data related to gender, age at surgery, albumin level pre and post-surgery, total and direct bilirubin before and after surgery, and the presence of ascites. Bivariate analysis using the Chi-Square test with OR (95% CI) was performed to analyze the risk factors in BA patients following the Kasai procedure. Results: 19 patients with biliary atresia underwent the Kasai procedure with a survival rate of 68.4%. Bilirubin levels ≥10 mg/dL before (p=0.033, OR 11.25) and after (p=0.025, OR 11.00) the Kasai procedure, and the presence of ascites (p=0.005) were significant factors associated with mortality cases. However, a combined multivariate analysis of these factors did not show any significant relationship with outcomes. Conclusion: Bilirubin exceeding 10 mg/dL before and after the Kasai procedure and the presence of Ascites was a marker for poor outcomes for biliary atresia patients following the Kasai procedure

The Relationship of Risk Factors on Quality of Life of Laryngeal Carcinoma Patients after Chemoradiation at Kariadi General Hospital

The Relationship of Risk Factors on Quality of Life of Laryngeal Carcinoma Patients after Chemoradiation at Kariadi General Hospital

Overview of Pelvic Ring Fracture Patients: Observational Study in the Emergency Department at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia

Background: Although the incidence of pelvic fractures is only 7% of all trauma, the mortality reaches 21.5%. Management of pelvic fractures remains a challenge because it is often a polytrauma that requires multidisciplinary management and large resources. Knowledge of the characteristics of patients with pelvic fractures is expected to help in management and reduce mortality. Methods: This observational study was conducted retrospectively with a population and sample of all pelvic fracture patients in the emergency room at Dr. Kariadi Hospital Semarang for the period January 2021 to December 2023. The characteristics observed included gender, age, fracture classification, etiology, trauma score, fracture pattern, and management. and output. The data obtained is then presented descriptively. Results: A total of 34 patients with pelvic fractures were recorded in this study. There were 16 male patients and 18 female patients. A total of 3 patients were less than 17 years old, 19 patients were 17-34 years old, 7 patients were 35-52 years old and 3 patients were more than 52 years old. The most common cause of pelvic fractures was traffic accidents (KLL) with 28 patients, followed by work accidents (4 patients) and other trauma (2 patients). Based on the Young-Burgess classification, the most common pelvic fracture pattern was LC1 (11 patients), followed by APC1 (3 patients), APC2 (4 patients), APC3 (3 patients), LC2 (2 patients), LC3 (6 patients), VS (4 patients), and CM (1 patient). A total of 4 patients had an ISS score of 1-8, 8 patients had an ISS score of 9-15, 9 patients had an ISS score of 16-25, and 13 patients had an ISS score of more than 25. The most common accompanying injury was long bone fracture (15 patients), head injury in 10 patients, abdominal trauma in 9 patients, and thorax trauma in 4 patients. Operative treatment was carried out in 21 patients, while 13 other patients were treated non-operatively. Of the 34 patients, 8 patients died and 26 others were discharged in good condition. Conclusion: Most pelvic fractures occur at the age of 17-34 years and the most common cause is KLL. All pelvic fracture patients had concomitant injuries and the majority of patients had unstable fractures that required operative treatment. Mortality due to pelvic fracture and/or accompanying injuries is 23.5%.

Risk Factors of Post Dural Puncture Headache in Cesarean Section Patients: A Multivariate Analysis Study

Background: The use of spinal anesthesia in patients undergoing cesarean section (CS) is at risk of experiencing post-dural puncture headache (PDPH). This is influenced by several factors.Objective: This study aimed to assess the effect of risk factors on the occurrence of PDPH in patients undergoing CS under spinal anesthesia.Methods: The study design is a nested case-control study with independent variables influencing the incidence of PDPH in CS with spinal anesthesia. Samples were taken from CS patients with spinal anesthesia at the Central Surgical Installation of Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Result: A total of 74 patients were included in the multivariate analysis, which showed that neurological disorders with p-value = 0.069; OR= 9,306; 95% CI = 0.842-102.828 and the number of punctures with p = 0.060; OR= 4.798; 95% CI = 0.997-23.075 is the most significant risk factor for the incidence of PDPH in CS patients. There was an additive effect which indicated that mobilization of more than 6 hours mutually reinforces the occurrence of PDPH in CS patients.Conclusion: Preoperative risk factors such as a history of neurological disorders increase the incidence of PDPH in CS patients. Intraoperative risk factors in this study were total puncture and needle size, increasing the incidence of PDPH in CS patients. Post-operative risk factors, in this case, immobilization, increase the incidence of PDPH in CS patients. Preoperative, intraoperative, and post-operative risk factors, together or separately, increase the incidence of PDPH in patients undergoing CS.

Profile of Thyroid Cancer at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang in 2020

Background: Thyroid cancer is ranked ninth among the most common type originating from the endocrine glands globally, accounting for approximately 59.7% of cases in Asia. According to 2020 health data, thyroid cancer ranked twelfth in Indonesia, comprising 13,114 cases. Despite the number of cases recorded, there is a lack of comprehensive data regarding the condition of thyroid cancer in the country. Therefore, this research aimed to describe the thyroid cancer profile in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang.Methods: This descriptive research was carried out using 154 medical records selected through consecutive sampling from Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang from January to December 2020. Categorical scale data were described through frequencies and percentages, while numerical scale data were presented as mean and standard deviation.Results: This research discovered that 57.8% of patients belonged to the 40–59-year-old age group, predominantly consisting of 79.9% females. Additionally, 39.6% of patients had normal thyroid function, with Papillary Thyroid Cancer being the most common type, constituting 92.7% of cases. The results showed that 46.8% of cases were bilateral, 37.7% had a condition of T3, 59.7% had N0, and 89.6% had M0, while 66.2% were classified as stage I.Conclusions: The majority of thyroid cancer patients were 45–64 years old and female. The results showed Papillary Thyroid Cancer as the most prevalent type, with the majority of cases diagnosed at stage I and showing bilaterally presentation. Most of the data correlated with previous research, except thyroid function and histopathology-type percentages.

VISUAL OUTCOME BETWEEN EARLY AND DELAYED VITRECTOMY IN ENDOPHTHALMITIS PATIENTS OPERATED IN KARIADI GENERAL HOSPITAL, SEMARANG : TWO YEARS DESCRIPTIVE STUDY

Introduction & ObjectivesEndophthalmitis is a medical emergency caused by infection of tissue or fluids inside the eyeball.Vitrectomy for endophthalmitis is one of the treatment choice and leads to VA gains in some cases.Timing of surgery and visual outcome after surgery are vital to acknowledge. This study aims toanalyze the difference of visual outcome between early and delayed vitrectomy in endophthalmitispatients operated in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital
 MethodsA Retrospective study held from medical record of patients with endophthalmitis underwentvitrectomy surgery from January 2021 – January 2023 in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang.Endophthalmitis patients caused by trauma were excluded. All of the patients had immediatevitrectomy, and based on duration of symptoms, the patients were divided into two groups, earlyvitrectomy (duration of symptoms ? 7 days) and delayed vitrectomy (duration of symptoms > 7days). Independent t- test method was used to analyze the data (significant if p<0.05)
 ResultsTotally 30 endophthalmitis patients (30 eyes) were obtained. There were 18 patients (60%) had earlyvitrectomy and 12 patients (40%) had delayed vitrectomy. Postoperative examination showed 13(72%) patients with early vitrectomy had improved VA, and 5 (28%) had constant VA. On the otherhand, patients with delayed vitrectomy showed 5 (42%) had improved VA, 6 (50%) had constant VA,and 1 (8%) had decreased VA. The difference between two groups was significant (p=0.014)
 ConclusionThis study found endophthalmitis patients with early vitrectomy had significant better visualoutcome than delayed vitrectomy

SURGICAL OUTCOMES OF STRABISMUS CORRECTION IN LARGE ANGLE EXOTROPIA

Introduction and Objective: Surgery is one of the treatment options for strabismus. The success rates of surgical interventions, as reported in a number of different studies, vary widely. There is no database of surgical outcome in large angle exotropia patient undergoing surgery in Semarang, Central Java. This study aims to evaluate the surgical outcome of strabismus correction in large angle exotropia in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital. Methods: A retrospective study held from the medical record of patients with diagnosis large angle (>50?) exotropia undergoing strabismus correction surgery from January 2020-December 2022 in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang. The clinical characteristics: sex, age, angle of exodeviation, amblyopia condition, sensory deprivation, and postoperative alignment were obtained. Surgical outcome measured with follow up of angle deviation in one month dan three months follow up after surgery. Result: Totally 59 large angle exotropia patients were obtained with 31 (53%) were woman and 28 (47%) were man, range aged 1 year to 53 years old had preoperative angle of exodeviation 51->85 ?, 6 (10%) had amblyopia, 11(18.6%) had sensory deprivation. By the 3 months post-operative visit, 100% of all patients reported orthophoria. Conclusion: This study found the outcome of strabismus correction for large angle exotropia is satisfactory. Two- or three-muscle surgery provides an effective means for treatment of large angle exotropia. Keywords: large angle exotropia, exodeviation, strabismus

Characteristics of Premature Retinopathy Patients who underwent surgery at dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang

Abstract
 Introduction & Objectives : Introduction: Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) represents a leading cause of childhood blindness. The management of ROP can be challenging in preterm babies, those with very low birth weight and multiple risk factors. The characteristic and risk factors of ROP is essential to acknowledge. Objective: To describe the characteristic of patients with ROP who underwent surgery in Dr. Kariadi Hospital and to identify the risk factors of the disease
 Methods : A retrospective study held from the medical record of patients with diagnosis ROP from January 2020-January 2023 in Dr. Kariadi Hospital, Semarang. The clinical characteristics: sex, gestation age, birth weight, maternal risk factors, neonatal risk factors, and ROP Stage. Type of surgery: laser, intravitreal injection, vitrectomy were also collected.
 Results : There were 19 ROP patients with 8 (42.1%) gestational age between 29-30 weeks, 8 (42.1%) birth weight 1000-1500gr, 7 (36.8%) had maternal risk: hypertension, 12 (63), 15%) of patients with ROP stage 3, 8 (42,1%) had a combined management of laser surgery and intravitreal injection. Among all the patients at risk had at least one neonatal risk factor with history of oxygenation being the most common (100%).
 Conclusion : Characteristics of ROP patients underwent surgery at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital are mostly patients with gestational age between 29-30 weeks and have the most oxygenation history factors. The most common type of surgical procedure performed is a combination of laser and intravitreal injection.

CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, CAUSALITY, AND EVALUATION OF EYE LID LACERATION SURGERY IN KARIADI GENERAL HOSPITAL, SEMARANG

Introduction and Objective: Eyelid lacerations appear to be understudied in terms of adequate epidemiological research among all injury sites. The aim of this study was to assess the etiological characteristics, and evaluation of eyelid laceration surgery in Kariadi General Hospital. Method: In a observational analytic study with retrospective design, 89 cases of isolated traumatic eyelid laceration were consecutively studied and its epidemiology, etiology and the surgery were evaluated. All patients who underwent lid surgery between March 2021 and March 2023 were included. The data is analyzed to determine the features and the connection between the resulting frequency and the variables that were collected. Result: This study enrolled 89 patients with 66 (74.2%) males and 23 (25.8%) females. The largest age group in this study was 16–50 years old, with 53 patients (59.6%). With respect to the regio of laceration, medial laceration regio was reported in 69 patients (77.5%), central laceration regio was reported in 8 patients (9%), and lateral laceration regio was reported in 12 patients (13.5%). Based on the grade, 68 patients (76.5%) had full-thickness lacerations, and 21 patients (23.6%) had lamellar lacerations. Conclusion: Male tend to have a higher incidence rate than female. The highest age range is among adolescents and young adults.

SURGICAL THERAPY FOR PRIMARY GLAUCOMA IN DR. KARIADI GENERAL HOSPITAL SEMARANG DURING JANUARY 2020 TO DECEMBER 2022

Introduction and Objective: Glaucoma can be treated with medicamentose, non invasive surgery, and invasive surgery. This study aims to determine the frequency and type of invasive surgery for primary glaucoma in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital during January 2020 to December 2022. Methods: This was a descriptive research using secondary data obtained from electronic medical records, consist of gender, age, diagnosis, and type of surgery. The sample were taken with purposive sampling wherein patients meeting the predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria were chosen to be part of the study. Result: There were total of 395 eyes (395 patients) with primary glaucoma who underwent surgery, consisted of 33% patients with open angle glaucoma (POAG) and 67% patients with angle closure glaucoma (PACG). Most common surgical therapy for POAG was trabeculectomy (37%), followed by combination of trabeculectomy and cataract extraction with intra ocular lens insertion (phacotrabeculectomy) (32%), cataract extraction with intra ocular lens insertion (16%), cyclocryotheraphy (10%), implantation of glaucoma drainage device (4%), and goniosynechialysis (1%). For PACG, most often chosen procedure was combination of trabeculectomy and cataract extraction with intra ocular lens insertion (phacotrabeculectomy) (61%), cataract extraction with intra ocular lens insertion (13%), cyclocryotheraphy (12%), trabeculectomy (11%), combination of cataract extraction with intra ocular lens insertion and goniosynechialysis (2%), and implantation of glaucoma drainage device (1%). Conclusion : The most common type of surgery for open angle glaucoma was trabeculectomy and for angle closure glaucoma was combination of trabeculectomy and cataract extraction with intra ocular lens insertion (phacotrabeculectomy)

LUARAN VISUAL ANTARA VITREKTOMI YANG DILAKUKAN SECARA DINI DAN TERTUNDA PADA PASIEN ENDOFTALMITIS YANG DIOPERASI DI RUMAH SAKIT KARIADI SEMARANG : STUDI DESKRIPTIF SELAMA DUA TAHUN

Introduction : Endophthalmitis is a medical emergency caused by infection of tissue or fluids inside the eyeball. Vitrectomy for endophthalmitis is one of the treatment choice and leads to VA gains in some cases. Timing of surgery and visual outcome after surgery are vital to acknowledge. This study aims to analyze the difference of visual outcome between early and delayed vitrectomy in endophthalmitis patients operated in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Methods : A Retrospective study held from medical record of patients with endophthalmitis underwent vitrectomy surgery from January 2021 – January 2023 in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital, Semarang. Endophthalmitis patients caused by trauma were excluded. All of the patients had immediate vitrectomy, and based on the onset, the patients were divided into two groups, early vitrectomy (onset ? 7 days) and delayed vitrectomy (onset > 7 days). Independent t- test method was used to analyze the data (significant if p<0.05) Result : Totally 30 endophthalmitis patients (30 eyes) were obtained. There were 18 patients (60%) had early vitrectomy and 12 patients (40%) had delayed vitrectomy. Postoperative examination showed 13 (72%) patients with early vitrectomy had improved VA, and 5 (28%) had constant VA. On the other hand, patients with delayed vitrectomy showed 5 (42%) had improved VA, 6 (50%) had constant VA, and 1 (8%) had decreased VA. The difference between two groups was significant (p=0.014) Conclusion : This study found endophthalmitis patients with early vitrectomy had significant better visual outcome than delayed vitrectomy.

Successful Rate of Glaucoma Surgery in Secondary Glaucoma after Vitrectomy in Kariadi General Hospital Semarang 2020-2022

Introduction & ObjectivesGlaucoma is one of the most frequent complications of vitrectomy surgery. It can cause a significantrise in intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma surgery can be planned in medically uncontrolledglaucoma. Trabeculectomy and Glaucoma Drainage Device (GDD) implantation are the mostfrequent filtering surgeries used in these cases. This study aims to define the success rate ofglaucoma surgery in secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy.
 MethodsThis study is an analytical observational study with retrospective data collection held from medicalrecords of patients with secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy who underwent glaucoma surgery inKariadi General Hospital Semarang from 2020-2022. Surgical success defined by postoperative IOPreduced by>20% from baseline, with or without anti-glaucoma medication.
 ResultsThere were 16 eyes of trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and 8 eyes of GDD implants. Themean preoperative IOP was 43.76+6.77 mmhg for trabeculectomy 5-FU, and 42.43+4.02 mmhg forGDD implant. IOP levels in both groups varied significantly after one day, one week, one month, andthree months after surgery (p<0.05). The success rate for the trabeculectomy 5-FU group was81.25% and the GDD implant group was 87.5% in 3 months. There was no statistically significantdifference in the success rate between the trabeculectomy 5-FU and GDD implant groups (p=0.839).The complication for the GDD implant group was 25%. No complications were found in thetrabeculectomy 5-FU group.
 ConclusionThere was no significant difference in the success rate between trabeculectomy 5-FU and the GDDimplant group. Both groups are viable for glaucoma surgery in secondary glaucoma after vitrectomysurgery.

THE DIFFERENCE OF PREDICTED REFRACTION AND FINAL REFRACTION USING BARRETT II UNIVERSAL FORMULA AND SRK/T FORMULA IN HIGH MYOPIA PATIENTS AFTER PHACOEMULSIFICATION AND IOL IMPLANTATION AT DR. KARIADI GENERAL HOSPITAL SEMARANG

Introduction and Objective
 Studies have shown that 38% of refractive errors after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation are caused by deviations in calculation of IOL power using formulas. The difference between the formula’s refractive prediction and patient’s final outcome highly increases in cases of high myopia, but there needs to be more research on this topic. This study aims to show the difference between the predicted and final refractive outcomes using Barrett II Universal (BUII) formula and the SRK/T in patients with high myopia who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation.
 Method
 This analytical observational study with cross-sectional design was conducted on patients with high myopia (axial length ? 26.0 mm) who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation between January 2021 and January 2022 at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang. The data used in this study consisted of biometric measurements and the difference between the predicted refractive outcomes using the BU-II and SRK/T formulas and the final refractive outcomes of patients one month after the surgery. The data were analyzed using a one-sample T-test, and significance level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
 Results
 Thirty-five eyes participated in this study, and the mean axial length was (29.33 2.01). The BU-II formula has a mean difference in the refraction prediction, with the patient's final refraction result being closer to zero (1.191.31) than the SRK/T formula (1.25 1,12). The refractive prediction difference between the two formulas was statistically significant (p < 0.05).
 Conclusion
 The BU-II formula has a lower difference between predicted refractive outcomes and final refractive outcomes of high myopia patients after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation than the SRK/T formula.

Outcome Evaluation of Eyelid Laceration Surgery in Kariadi General Hospital Semarang

Abstract
 Introduction & Objectives : Eyelid laceration are common in cases of trauma involving the eye. This study will discuss cases of eyelid lacerations, procedures, and the follow-up of patients who underwent surgery at Kariadi General Hospital Semarang.
 Methods : This study used an observational analytic design and was conducted retrospectively. All patients who underwent eyelid surgery April 2019 to January 2023. Age, gender, laceration location, mechanism of trauma, canalicular involvement, and surgery were recorded, subjective complaints and patient complications after surgery.
 Results : Of the 76 patients (94 eyelid lacerations) included in the study, men exhibited a greater vulnerability (56,75%) and mostly aged around 16-<50 years (43, 57%). In terms of the laceration location, it occurred in right lower (39,36%), right upper (35,10%), left lower (13,82%), and left upper (11,70%) eyelids. Blunt trauma (83,78%) was the main mechanism, with motor vehicle accidents leading (40,54%). Canalicular involvement was present in 35 cases (47,29%). All patients underwent surgery, with eyelid repair to all of the patient following by recanalization (39,18%). The most common complaint of patients after surgery in the first week of control was pain (47,29%) followed by a feeling of lump (13,51%). A total of 25 patients (33,78%) stated that they had no complaints.
 Conclusion : Eyelid lacerations mainly involve young adult people, right lower eyelid. Blunt trauma, particularly motor vehicle accidents, is the main cause. Most of the patients had no complaints in the1 week postoperative control, and they increased in subsequent controls.

Characteristics of Patients with Eyelid Laceration in Kariadi General Hospital Semarang

Abstract
 Introduction & Objectives : Eyelid laceration is one of the most common ocular injuries with complications. This study examines patient characteristics with eyelid lacerations at Kariadi General Hospital Semarang.
 Methods : An observational study used medical records data from April 2019 to January 2023. Age, gender, eyelids, grading, area of laceration, mechanism of trauma and injury, canthal and canalicular involvement, associated injury, and surgery were recorded.
 Results : From 75 patients, lacerations were more common in men (56, 75%) and ages 16-<50 years (43, 57%). Lacerations occurred in right lower (21, 28%), right upper (17, 23%), right upper and lower (16, 21%), left lower (9, 12%), left upper (8, 11%), and left upper and lower (4, 5%) eyelids. They were mainly medial (52, 69%), lateral (12, 16%), and central (7, 9%). Full-thickness lacerations (58, 77%) outnumbered lamellar thickness (17, 23%). Blunt trauma (63, 84%) was the main mechanism, with motor vehicle accidents leading 30 (40%). Canthal involvement was absent in 41 cases (55%), medial in 29 (39%), and lateral in 5 (7%). Canalicular involvement was absent in 39 cases (52%) and present in 36 (48%). The three most frequent of associated injury of the patients was 16 (21%) subconjunctival bleeding, 12 (16%) orbital hematom, 9 (12%) conjunctival laceration. All patients underwent surgery, with eyelid repair most common (32, 43%).
 Conclusion : Eyelid lacerations mainly involved right lower eyelid, medial region, and are full-thickness. Blunt trauma, particularly motor vehicle accidents, was the main cause. Most cases lack canthal or canalicular involvement. Eyelid repair was the most frequent choice of surgery.

SUCCESSFUL RATE OF GLAUCOMA SURGERY IN SECONDARY GLAUCOMA AFTER VITRECTOMY IN KARIADI HOSPITAL SEMARANG 2020-2022

Introduction: Glaucoma is one of the most frequent complications of vitrectomy surgery. It can cause a significant rise in intraocular pressure (IOP). Glaucoma surgery can be planned in medically uncontrolled glaucoma. Trabeculectomy and Glaucoma Drainage Device (GDD) implantation are the most frequent filtering surgeries used in these cases. This study aims to define the success rate of glaucoma surgery in secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy. Methods: This study is an analytical observational study with retrospective data collection held from medical records of patients with secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy who underwent glaucoma surgery in Kariadi General Hospital Semarang from 2020-2022. Surgical success defined by postoperative IOP reduced by>20% from baseline, with or without anti-glaucoma medication. Result: There were 16 eyes of trabeculectomy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and 8 eyes of GDD implants. The mean preoperative IOP was 43.76+6.77 mmhg for trabeculectomy 5-FU, and 42.43+4.02 mmhg for GDD implant. IOP levels in both groups varied significantly after one day, one week, one month, and three months after surgery (p<0.05). The success rate for the trabeculectomy 5-FU group was 75% and the GDD implant group was 87.5% in 3 months. There was no statistically significant difference in the success rate between the trabeculectomy 5-FU and GDD implant groups (p=0.069). The complication were 18.75% and 25% for trabeculectomy group and GDD implant group, respectively. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the success rate between trabeculectomy 5-FU and the GDD implant group. Both groups are viable for glaucoma surgery in secondary glaucoma after vitrectomy surgery.

Characteristics of Patients with Eyelid Laceration in Kariadi General Hospital Semarang

Introduction and Objective: Eyelid laceration is one of the most common ocular injuries with complications. This study examines patient characteristics with eyelid lacerations at Kariadi General Hospital Semarang. Methods: An observational study used medical records data from April 2019 to January 2023. Age, gender, eyelids, grading, area of laceration, mechanism of trauma and injury, canthal and canalicular involvement, associated injury, and surgery were recorded. Results: From 75 patients, lacerations were more common in men (56, 75%) and ages 16-<50 years (43, 57%). Lacerations occurred in right lower (21, 28%), right upper (17, 23%), right upper and lower (16, 21%), left lower (9, 12%), left upper (8, 11%), and left upper and lower (4, 5%) eyelids. They were mainly medial (52, 69%), lateral (12, 16%), and central (7, 9%). Full-thickness lacerations (58, 77%) outnumbered lamellar thickness (17, 23%). Blunt trauma (63, 84%) was the main mechanism, with motor vehicle accidents leading 30 (40%). Canthal involvement was absent in 41 cases (55%), medial in 29 (39%), and lateral in 5 (7%). Canalicular involvement was absent in 39 cases (52%) and present in 36 (48%). The three most frequent of associated injury of the patients was 16 (21%) subconjunctival bleeding, 12 (16%) orbital hematom, 9 (12%) conjunctival laceration. All patients underwent surgery, with eyelid repair most common (32, 43%). Conclusion: Eyelid lacerations mainly involved right lower eyelid, medial region, and are full-thickness. Blunt trauma, particularly motor vehicle accidents, was the main cause. Most cases lack canthal or canalicular involvement. Eyelid repair was the most frequent choice of surgery.

THE DIFFERENCE OF PREDICTED AND FINAL REFRACTION USING BU-II AND SRK/T FORMULA IN HIGH MYOPIA PATIENT AT DR. KARIADI HOSPITAL

Introduction: Studies showed 38% refractive errors after intraocular lens (IOL) implantation are caused by deviations in calculation of IOL power. The difference between the formula’s refractive prediction and patient’s final outcome highly increases in cases of high myopia, but needs to be more research on this topic. This study aims to show difference between predicted and final refractive outcomes using Barrett II Universal (BU-II) and SRK/T in patients with high myopia who underwent phacoemulsification and IOL implantation. Method: This analytical observational study with cross-sectional design was conducted on high myopia patients (axial length ? 26.0 mm) who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation between January 2021 and January 2022 at Dr. Kariadi General Hospital Semarang. Data used in this study consisted of biometric measurements and difference between predicted refractive outcomes using BU-II and SRK/T formulas and final refractive outcomes of patients one month after surgery. Data were analyzed using one-sample T-test, and significance level of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Thirty-five eyes participated in this study, the mean axial length was (29.33 2.01). BU-II formula has mean difference in refraction prediction with patient's final refraction result closer to zero (1.191.31) than SRK/T formula (1.25 1,12). The difference between two formulas was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The BU-II formula has lower difference between predicted and final refractive outcomes of high myopia patients after phacoemulsification and IOL implantation than SRK/T formula.