Betula Pendula Research Articles

The Forest of Biologists - for biologists, for biology.

The Forest of Biologists - for biologists, for biology.

Fluctuating Asymmetry as a Measure of Stress in Natural Populations of Woody Plants: Influence of Ecological and Geographical Factors on Developmental Stability

Fluctuating asymmetry is a sensitive indicator of favorable conditions during the period of individual development. The influence of climatic factors, biotopic conditions, latitude, altitude, and age of plants from the natural populations of the silver birch Betula pendula Roth was analyzed. The material consisted of 13,000 leaves of the silver birch from 11 regions of north-eastern Siberia. The influence of 23 climatic factors and six integrated coefficients characterizing the general suitability of the climate, as well as summer, winter, spring, and autumn was analyzed. The developmental stability of woody plants and, consequently, the level of the FA of the lamina in natural biotopes can vary in a wide range. We found that climatic factors, mainly conditions in the warm season, have a significant impact. We also noted the influence of the age, biotope, and light conditions. For Betula pendula, an increase in FA was registered on the ecological periphery of its range, i.e., on the edge of the forest belt in the north and in the mountains. The data obtained demonstrate the high influence of natural stress-inducing factors on development stability in plants.

Carbon Dioxide, Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from Tree Stems in Silver Birch and Black Alder Stands with Drained and Naturally Wet Peat Soils

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of groundwater level, soil temperature and general soil chemistry on greenhouse gas (GHG)—carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O)—fluxes from tree stems in deciduous stands with nutrient-rich naturally wet and drained peat soils. In total, nine sample plots were established in the central and north-eastern part of Latvia. The studied tree species were silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.) and black alder (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertb.). Tree stands of different ages and tree dimensions were selected for the study. GHG fluxes were measured with a circular-type non-transparent chamber of fixed area and volume, which was connected to the “Gasmet DX4040” mobile spectrometer. Ambient and soil temperature at a depth of 10 cm were measured, soil parameters (pH and content of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P)) down to 30 cm depth were analyzed, and groundwater levels and weather conditions (wind, cloudiness, precipitation) were determined. The study found that CO2 fluxes from tree stems show a distinct seasonal pattern and a strong positive correlation with soil temperature. Significant differences in CO2 fluxes were found between temperature ranges below and above 5 °C, indicating that this temperature represents a threshold value. CH4 emissions from the tree stems increased with increasing groundwater levels. The impact of groundwater level becomes insignificant if the depth of the groundwater exceeds 30 cm. No significant N2O fluxes from tree stems were detected for most of the study period, except for March, April and June in black alder stands. As with CH4, N2O emissions exhibit an increase as groundwater levels rise. The C and N contents in soil have a significant impact on N2O fluxes from tree stems. There is a tendency for the N2O flux to increase along with increasing C and N contents in soil.

Antioxidant activities in relation to the transport of heavy metals from the soil to different parts of Betula pendula (Roth.)

BackgroundBirch is a tree with a common occurrence in the environment and its organs are used in the form of herbal material. An important aspect of this study is birch pollen, which is a problem for allergy sufferers, and due to a variety of environmental conditions, its allergenicity may increase. Among the organs studied, inflorescences deserve attention, which, as seen from an overview of the literature, are analysed for the content of heavy metals for the first time in this study.ResultsThis paper investigated the relationship between antioxidant properties and the content of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni and Cr) as the plant's response to stress, taking into account both the vegetative and generative organs of the tree Betula pendula. While studying the accumulation of elements in individual organs, the research was extended to include the aspect of different environmental conditions, reflected in two soil types of differing physicochemical properties: sandy and silty soils. In order to thoroughly analyse the transport of the studied heavy metals from the soil to individual organs (leaves, inflorescences and pollen), ecotoxicological indicators were used. A modified translocation factor (TF) index into sTF (sap translocation factor) was presented as a novelty in research, calculated based on the content of selected heavy metals in the sap flowing to individual birch organs. This allowed for a more complete description of the transport of elements in the aerial parts of plants, indicating the accumulation of zinc and cadmium, especially in leaves. Among the studied environmental conditions which may affect the accumulation of heavy metals, sandy soil is of particular significance, conditioning lower pH values, among other things. However, analysis of the reaction of birch to the conditions of the soil environment and the content of heavy metals, based on antioxidant properties, demonstrated an evident reaction to stress, but without an unambiguous response among the studied vegetative and generative organs.ConclusionsAs birch is a plant with wide utility values, monitoring studies are advisable to exclude the risk of accumulation of heavy metals in its organs, and for this purpose it may be useful to use the sTF indicator and assess the antioxidant potential.

What have we learnt from the stand level estimates on stem bark browsing by large wild herbivores?

Abstract Damage on forests by large wild herbivores, especially by red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) has been increasing in Central Europe including Slovakia. Therefore, we attempted to estimate the forage potential, i.e. potentially available bark for consumption by large wild herbivores and actually consumed bark of common rowan (Sorbus aucuparia L.) and goat willow (Salix caprea L.). For these purposes, we measured basic tree characteristics and dimensions (length and width) of wounds due to bark browsing at 15 plots located in a young mixed forest stand (Javorníky Mts; Slovakia). Browsing was recorded separately for four stem sections: 0–50, 51–100, 101–150, and 151–200 cm measured from the ground level. Three stem bark browsing metrics were implemented: browsed bark area (cm2), browsed bark mass (g) and portion of browsed bark mass to total stem bark mass representing potential forage for game expressed in percent. We proved that while common rowan and goat willow were browsed in a great extent, nearly no damage occurred on stems of Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) and silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.). Our estimates showed that the total forage potential of stem bark at common rowan and goat willow was about 13.4 kg per 100 m2 of a forest stand. We learnt from our estimates for instance that the total available stem bark at 100 m2 of our young mixed forest might suffice (if theoretically entire potential was exploited) for red deer, fallow deer (Dama dama L.) and mouflon (Ovis aries musimon L.) for one, two and nearly four weeks, respectively. At the same, that during four years, large wild herbivores browsed nearly 2.6 kg of bark per 100 m2 area, i.e. about 1/5 of the available potential on rowans and willows. It seems like common rowan and goat willow might generate important resources of forage for large wild herbivores and would be treated as a part of biological protection of target tree species against bark browsing.

Cross‐disciplinary insights into the mechanisms of plant cold hardiness: From molecules to ecosystems

Cross‐disciplinary insights into the mechanisms of plant cold hardiness: From molecules to ecosystems

The Forest of Biologists – for biologists, for biology

The Forest of Biologists – for biologists, for biology

RESEARCH OF THE STATE OF WOODY AND BRUSHWOOD PLANTS UNDER ANTHROPOGENIC STRESS CONDITIONS

Objective. The study of anthropogenic impact on environmental components, primarily on woody and shrub plants, which are the main medium-forming element in natural and artificial ecosystems, is relevant. The subject of this study was the ecological and biological state of plants under conditions of technogenic stress.
 Materials and methods. The article presents the results of a study of the life state of woody plants. For this, test plots were laid on the territory of sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises and in the plantings of main plantings. The quantitative content of tannins and polyphenol oxidase in plant leaves during the active growing season was determined by spectrophotometry and titrimetric analysis.
 Results. Vitality decreases in the following order: Betula pendula Roth.> Sorbus aucuparia L.> Rosa majalis Herrn.> Acer negundo L.> Tilia cordata Mill. In plantations of technogenic territories, an increase in damage to the leaf blade is noted, a greater number of dry branches appear in the crown of a tree, compared to the control zone. Thus, in the study area, the lowest life state scores were recorded in Tilia cordata Mill., And the highest vital state scores were recorded in silver birch. In mountain ash, wild rose and American maple, the vital state is average. The increase in the activity of polyphenol oxidase was observed in plantations of technogenic territories, which is a consequence of intensive anthropogenic load on woody plants. Increased activity of polyphenol oxidase helps to decrease the content of tannins in plant leaves. Betula pendula Roth. Sorbus aucuparia L. in the SPZ of industrial enterprises in July, the accumulation of tannins is more intense than in the control plantations.
 Conclusion. Betula pendula Roth., Sorbus aucuparia L. in the SPZ of industrial enterprises in July, the accumulation of tannins is more intense than in the control plantations. Spectrophotometric determination of activity helps to understand the reasons why the content of tannins increases or decreases. This fact indicates the participation of tannins in the complex of adaptive reactions of plants, which are associated with protection from aerogenic pollutants. As a result of the study, the most resistant to anthropogenic stress plant species were identified: silver birch, cinnamon rose, and rowan tree.

Bacterial Diseases of Bioenergy Woody Plants in Ukraine

In this study, the characterization of several bacterial diseases affecting silver birch (Betula pendula Roth.), common ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.), white poplar (Populus alba L.), and white willow (Salix alba L.) in Ukraine were described. The typical symptoms, features of pathogenesis, and characteristics of the causative agents of the most common bacterial diseases of these tree species were shown. The following types of bacterioses were noted to be especially dangerous, namely, bacterial wetwood, fire blight, bacterial canker, and tuberculosis. Bacterial necrosis of the bark was a less dangerous disease. At the same time, all of the listed types of bacterioses were registered within the forest areas of the investigated region. The study revealed that bacterial wetwood of birch and poplar was caused by Lelliottia nimipressuralis; the bacterial canker of poplar is Pseudomonas syringae (Pseudomonas syringae f. populi and Pseudomonas cerasi); the fire poplar blight is caused by Pseudomonas cerasi (P. syringae); the common ash tuberculosis is caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi; and the bacterial wilt of the willow is caused by Brenneria salicis. The phenomenon of the introduction of microorganisms of different functional orientations as well as the formation of conditions for their activity in the rhizosphere of plants have been studied. In the future, it will provide the development of effective methods for the rapid identification of causative agents of bacterioses and plant protection measures based on multi-functional microbiological preparations based on highly effective strains of microorganisms.

The use of trophic status indicator as a tool to assess the potential of birch-afforested soils to provide ecosystem services

This study aimed to assess the impact of afforestation of post-arable soils on changes in their potential to provide ecosystem services. An additional aim of the study was to assess the suitability of the Soil Trophic Index (Siedliskowy Indeks Glebowy – SIG in Polish), as an indicator of soil ecosystem services (SESs) regulation, which is a novelty in this type of research. SIG is a number calculated from basic soil properties: TOC and TN contents, the sum of exchangeable alkaline cations, hydrolytic acidity, contents of the Ø < 0.02 mm fraction, bulk density, and soil horizon thickness. It is a number representing the basic properties of a 100 cm × 100 cm × 150 cm soil pedon. The SIG value refers to five categories of soil trophic subtype variants: dystrophic, oligotrophic, mesotrophic, eutrophic, and optionally hypertrophic, which are used to assess the potential of soils to provide ecosystem services. A detailed study was conducted on post-arable sandy and loamy soils afforested with silver birch (Betula pendula Roth) located in two forest districts in central Poland. Each stand covered arable and post-arable plots afforested with silver birch, located on the same soil complex, comprising sandy and loamy soils. Stands were diversified in terms of stand age: 21, 29, 40, 61, and 66-year-old stands on sandy soils, and 15, 33, 41, 61, and 80-year-old stands on loamy soils. At each stand, two soil profiles representing an arable field and a forest were made (20 profiles total). Soil samples were collected from each soil horizon (61 disturbed and 183 undisturbed samples in total). The SIG components were determined under laboratory conditions using standard methods. Based on the obtained results, changes in the potential of post-arable soils to provide certain regulating ecosystem services through afforestation with silver birch were found. The SIG values highlighted diversity in the quality of similarly-textured soils, and thus diversity in their potential to provide the studied regulating SESs. The soils represented almost all trophic types, from dystrophic to eutrophic. Afforestation with silver birch resulted in decreased SIG values in half the cases (mainly in sandy soils), indicating the relatively negative effects of this tree species on the soil system, including lowering the soil’s potential to provide certain regulating ecosystem services. In addition, it was confirmed that the SIG can be used to identify similarities and differences in the potential of similarly-textured soils to provide certain regulating ESs.

Effect of Low-Thermal Treatment on the Particle Size Distribution in Wood Dust after Milling.

The thermal treatment of wood can improve the appearance of the wood product's surface, its dimensional stability, and resistance to fungal attacks. However, the heat treatment changes the technological properties of wood, making it a new engineering material. This work investigates the effect of the low-thermal treatment of birch wood (Betula pendula Roth.), European beech wood (Fagus sylvatica L.), and alder wood (Alnus glutinosa L.) on the fine dust particles creation during woodworking. The samples of thermally treated wood with temperatures commonly used for the change of wood colour (105, 125, and 135 °C) were compared with reference samples made of natural wood. All 12 variants of the tested woods were milled using the 5-axis CNC machining center (20 mm diamond cutter, rotational speed 18,000 rev·min-1, the depth of cut 3 mm, feed rates of 2, 4 and 6 m∙min-1). A sieving analysis method allowed measuring the dust particle size distributions in all dust samples. The experiment's result analysis points out that wood type, thermal treatment, and feed rate meaningfully affect the size distribution of dust particles. Compared to birch wood and beech wood, the milling of alder wood samples created a much higher content of the finest dust particles, with particle sizes smaller than 0.032 mm. Increased temperatures in thermal treatment increase the share of fine dust particles with sizes smaller than 0.125 mm, compared to wood in its natural state. Milling with a lower feed rate (2 m·min-1) creates finer dust than processing with higher feed rates (4 and 6 m·min-1). Generally, the milling of alder in a natural or thermally treated state is a source of fine dust particles, particularly at low feed speed-rate milling, compared to birch and beech wood. In general, these results indicate that the low temperature thermal treatment parameters attribute new technological properties to all thermally modified types of wood tested.

Концентрация меди и цинка в органах березы повислой (Betula pendula roth.) и пырея ползучего (Elytrigia repens L.) в условиях их естественного произрастания

The influence of man-made pollution on the accumulation of copper and zinc in the soil and plants of the forest park zones of Yelets is studied on the example of the woody and plant objects of the natural environment prevailing in them-hanging birch (Betula pendula Roth) and creeping wheatgrass (Elytrigia repens). As a result of the conducted studies, the features of the deposition of copper and zinc in plant organs were revealed, and the total accumulation of the studied elements in the soil under green plantations was estimated. Keywords: PARK, HANGING BIRCH, CREEPING WHEATGRASS, COPPER, ZINC, LEAVES, ROOTS, SOIL

Effect of tree species and substrate properties on organic phosphorus forms in afforested Technosols

AbstractPlanted vegetation is considered one of the most important soil‐forming factors in the reclamation of degraded post‐mining lands for forestry. The objective of this study was to compare the effect of N‐fixing tree species and non‐N‐fixing tree species on the organic phosphorus (Porg) forms in technosols developing from various substrates. Samples were taken from the uppermost layer (depth 0–5 cm) of technosols afforested with black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), black alder (Alnus glutinosa), silver birch (Betula pendula), and scots pine (Pinus sylvestris). Samples of the tree foliage and the O‐horizons were taken as well. The studied technosols developed from Quaternary sands (sands), fly ashes after lignite combustion (ashes), and Miocene clays (clays). The soil samples were measured for the contents of labile (POlab) and moderately labile organic phosphorus (POmod), phosphorus contained in fulvic and humic acids (Pfulv and Phum, respectively), and residual organic phosphorus (POres). The foliage and O‐horizon samples were measured for the concentrations of C, N, and P. The N‐fixing tree species had higher P concentration in their foliage than non‐N‐fixing tree species. However, in the O‐horizon, the highest P concentration was determined under birch and not under N‐fixers. The effect of tree species on the organic P (Porg) concentrations in the mineral soil was limited with significantly lower Porg concentrations under pine. The soil under this species contained less Pfulv, Phum, and POres. However, the percentages of POlab, POmod, Pfulv, Phum, and POres in soil Porg were nearly the same under all tree species. The largest effect on the Porg concentration and the contents of particular Porg fractions was from the substrate type. Sands contained much less Porg than the clays and ashes, but their percentage of POlab in Porg was much higher than in the two other substrates. We conclude that N‐fixing trees do not affect the concentration of labile organic P, and the major factor controlling this Porg fraction is the soil substrate quality.

The Potential of Medicinal Plants and Natural Products in the Treatment of Burns and Sunburn—A Review

Treating burns remains a challenge for modern medicine, especially in developing countries that cannot afford expensive, advanced therapies. This review article summarises clinical and animal model studies of botanical preparations and their mixtures in treating burn wounds and sunburn. Articles available in electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google Scholar, published in English in 2010-2022, were considered. In the described clinical trials, it was shown that some herbal preparations have better effectiveness in treating burn wounds, including shortening the healing time and reducing inflammation, than the conventional treatment used hitherto. These herbal preparations contained extracts from Albizia julibrissin, Alkanna tinctoria, Aloe vera, Arnebia euchroma, Betula pendula and Betula pubescens, Centella asiatica, Hippophaë rhamnoides, Juglans regia, Lawsonia inermis, and mixtures of Matricaria chamomilla and Rosa canina. Research on animal models shows that many extracts may potentially benefit the treatment of burn wounds and sunburn. Due to the diverse mechanism of action, antibacterial activity, the safety of use and cost-effectiveness, herbal preparations can compete with conventional treatment. The growing interest in alternative medicine and herbal medicine encourages further research. Not only single preparations but also their mixtures should be taken into account because the research conducted so far often suggests a synergistic effect of the ingredients.

Precipitation and Adolescent Respiratory Health in the Northeast United States.

Rationale: With more frequent and intense precipitation events across the globe due to a changing climate, there is a need to understand the relationship between precipitation and respiratory health. Precipitation may trigger asthma exacerbations, but little is known about how precipitation affects lung function and airway inflammation in early adolescents. Objectives: To determine if short-term precipitation exposure is associated with lung function and airway inflammation in early adolescents and if ever having a diagnosis of asthma modifies associations of precipitation with lung function and airway inflammation. Methods: In a prospective prebirth cohort, Project Viva, that included 1,019 early adolescents born in the northeastern United States, we evaluated associations of 1-, 2-, 3-, and 7-day moving averages of precipitation in the preceding week and forced expiratory volume in 1 second, forced vital capacity, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) using linear regression. We used log-transformed FeNO with effect estimates presented as percentage change. We adjusted for maternal education and household income at enrollment; any smoking in the home in early adolescence; child sex, race/ethnicity, and ever asthma diagnosis; and age, height, weight, date, and season (as sine and cosine functions of visit date) at the early adolescent visit and moving averages for mean daily temperature (same time window as exposure). Results: In fully adjusted linear models, 3- and 7-day moving averages for precipitation were positively associated with FeNO but not lung function. Every 2-mm increase in the 7-day moving average for precipitation was associated with a 4.0% (95% confidence interval, 1.1, 6.9) higher FeNO. There was evidence of effect modification by asthma status: Precipitation was associated with lower forced vital capacity and higher FeNO among adolescents with asthma. We also found that outdoor aeroallergen sensitization (immunoglobulin E against common ragweed, oak, ryegrass, or silver birch) modified associations of precipitation with FeNO, with higher FeNO in sensitized adolescents compared with nonsensitized adolescents. The associations of precipitation with FeNO were not explained by relative humidity or air pollution exposure. Conclusions: We found that greater short-term precipitation may trigger airway inflammation in adolescents, particularly among those with asthma.

Optimizing height measurement for the long-term forest experiments in Sweden

Information on tree height is useful for volume estimation and site productivity assessment and as such, remains one of the most important variables often measured in forest inventories. Measuring a sufficient number of sample trees requires considerable sampling effort and cost. In this study, we developed height functions for optimizing tree height measurement in the Swedish long-term forest experiments (LTFEs). Two large datasets from the LTFE databases: fitting data (from thinning, fertilisation and mixed species experiments) and validation data (tree species and spacing experiments) collected over several decades were used. The fitting and validation data comprise 133,788 and 68,440 observations, respectively, each covering a large range of growth and environmental conditions across Sweden. A multilevel nonlinear mixed-effects modelling approach was used to build the generalised height functions for Scots pine, Norway spruce, birch (Silver and Downy birch united), other conifers and other broadleaves, considering variations in heights and other stand characteristics at sample plot-level and revision-level. The response calibration of the functions was first carried out with all measured heights of the validation data, and second, using heights of one to six sample trees obtained from different tree selection strategies (diameter extremes, largest diameters, and smallest diameters). The mixed-effects height functions explained most of the height variations in the fitting dataset (pseudo R2: 0.938 – 0.970; RMSE: 0.957 – 1.363 m) without any residual trends. The validation showed that the functions accounted for 95 – 98 % of the height variation in the validation dataset, with RMSE ranging between 0.770 and 1.040 m, confirming the functions’ high accuracy. We recommend the measurement of four sample tree heights based on diameter extremes as the ideal threshold for response calibration. These functions and the suggested sampling technique would reduce sampling effort and inventory cost of height measurements for subsequent inventories of the LTFEs.

In the Northeasternmost Stands in Europe, Beech Shows Similar Wind Resistance to Birch

The ongoing shifts in natural vegetation zones predict the expansion of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) into the Eastern Baltic region, suggesting it will become a potential alternative to birch (Betula pendula Roth. and Betula pubescens Ehrh.) in forest regeneration. For a successful application of alternative forest regeneration material, an evaluation of susceptibility to natural disturbances (e.g., wind) is necessary for reliable projections of timber yield in the long term. This study compared the loading resistance of beech growing in the northeasternmost stands in Europe to local birch by applying the static tree-pulling test. Relationships between dimensions of aboveground parts and resistance against intrinsic wood damages (primary failure) and fatal (secondary) failure were similar between species. However, birch, which is more drought sensitive compared to beech, is suggested to have a higher susceptibility to post-storm legacy effects, supporting beech as a potential alternative to birch in terms of wind resistance.

Genetic Diversity of Five Broadleaved Tree Species and Its Spatial Distribution in Self-Regenerating Stands

European forest ecosystems are currently subject to various disturbances and shifts in land-use legacies. To be able to forecast the trends and consequences of the changes in genetic diversity following these disturbances, it is of crucial importance to understand the genetic dynamics of natural tree populations. The present study aimed at determining the extent and spatial distribution of genetic diversity in five common broadleaved tree species in Lithuania in both mature (putatively maternal) stands and in natural regeneration (juveniles) of the respective species. The genetic diversity of Quercus robur, Betula pendula, Populus tremula, Alnus glutinosa, and Fraxinus excelsior was assessed using eight nuclear microsatellite loci for each species; 417 samples of regenerating juveniles and 141 samples of putatively maternal trees were analyzed in total. The investigated populations of self-regenerating Q. robur, B. pendula, A. glutinosa, and F. excelsior juveniles showed spatially random genetic structures, while P. tremula regenerated mostly via root suckers and formed clonal groups. The genetic diversity in regenerating juveniles of all species was as high as in putatively maternal stands. The detection of adequate (substantial) genetic diversity in the studied regenerating populations of these five broadleaved tree species suggests that in Lithuania these species have a good potential to adapt to changing environmental conditions.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Betula pendula purple rain (betulaceae)

Betula pendula purple rain is a variety of Betula pendula that is native to Europe and has important ornamental and economic value. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of B. pendula purple rain. This genome had a typical quadripartite structure with 160,552 bases, including a large single copy (LSC) region of 89,433 bases, a small single copy (SCC) region of 19,007 bases and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 26,056 bases. The GC content of the chloroplast genome was 36% and contained 124 genes, including 79 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes and 37 tRNA genes. The maximum likelihood phylogenetic analysis of reported chloroplast genomes showed that B. pendula purple rain was most closely related to Betula occidentalis and Betula platyphylla.

Efficacy Screening of Prospective Anti-allergic Drug Candidates: An In silico Study

Background: Due to the rapid rise of allergies, anti-allergy medications are commonly being utilised to reduce inflammation; however, allergen-specific inhibitors may also be utilised. Objective: Our in silico study is aimed at finding out a promising anti-allergic compound that can act against a wide range of allergens. Methods: The inhibitory efficacies of potential anti-allergic compounds were investigated by ADMET studies and were followed by high throughput molecular docking. Binding energy was calculated by AUTODOCK, which led to the identification of binding sites between the allergens and antiallergic compounds. Each of the five anti-allergic compounds interacted with allergens at various levels. The docked poses showing significant binding energy were subjected to molecular docking simulation. Results: Marrubiin exhibits higher binding affinities to the catalytic pocket against allergens from chicken, European white birch plant, bacteria, fungus, and numerous food allergens. Conclusions: We propose Marrubiin, which appears to be a promising anti-allergic candidate and antiinflammatory agent against a wide spectrum of allergens. The future directions of this research are to analyze the effects of anti-allergic mechanisms in vivo.