Kansas Department Of Health And Environment Research Articles

Analysis of the Prairie Dog Creek Alluvial Aquifer in Northwest Kansas

The geosciences department at Fort Hays State University and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) determined the extent of mineral contamination in three aquifers in northwest Kansas. The contaminant results from the Prairie Dog Creek alluvial aquifer were used for this study. Forty wells spanning across the Kansas counties of Phillips, Norton, and Decatur allowed for statistical and spatial examination of the contamination. Groundwater flow direction was determined from elevation data and well water depth records. A correlation between possible contaminant buildup and groundwater altitude was investigated but did not yield a significant correlation. Since there is no overall buildup in any of the contaminants, very localized sources in geology or land use are affecting individual wells. A large part of this study focuses on communicating the importance of clean drinking water.

An Overview of Tobacco Policies in Kansas Unified School Districts.

IntroductionIn 2019, 25.8% of Kansas high school youth reported using any form of tobacco product. Schools can prevent and reduce youth tobacco use by adopting comprehensive tobacco policies, which include all tobacco products, on school grounds and at school-sponsored, off-campus events, for all individuals at all times, and integrate cessation services for students who violate the tobacco policy. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of comprehensive tobacco policies in unified school districts (USD) across Kansas to determine how many schools have adopted such policies.MethodsAll 286 USDs in Kansas were eligible to participate in this study including elementary, middle, and high schools. Participating schools were asked to upload their policies to a website developed by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE). Frequencies and percentages were computed to identify the type of tobacco products prohibited, the locations where tobacco use is prohibited, who is prohibited from using tobacco, when tobacco is prohibited, and consequences of students’ violation of the tobacco policy.ResultsSeveral USD policies met some of these comprehensive recommendations; however, 97.9% (n = 280) did not. In other words, 2.1% of USD policies (n = 6) were comprehensive in Kansas. Most districts (98.3%, n = 281) presented policies prohibiting use of all forms of tobacco for students, but policies often offered more leniency for faculty/staff and visitors. Fewer districts presented policies prohibiting use of all tobacco products for staff/faculty (73.1%, n = 209) and visitors (45.8%, n = 131) of policies.ConclusionsNearly all USDs in Kansas have an opportunity to strengthen their tobacco policies. Relatively simple edits can be made to prohibit all tobacco products, prohibit use on school grounds and at school-sponsored, off-campus events, ensure these policies apply to everyone, at all times, and integrate cessation resources for students who violate the tobacco policy.

The Impact of COVID-19 on Pre-K-12 Students and Staff in a Mid-sized Metropolitan Area

Objective: During fall 2020, schools used a variety of learning modes based on anticipated risk of viral transmission within schools. Methods: De-identified SARS-CoV-2 data from 11 school districts in the Wichita, Kansas metropolitan area from August 1 to November 15, 2020, was collated for analysis. The Sedgwick County Health Department (SCHD) and Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) databases were accessed for community-level and contact tracing data. Results: Altogether, 13,573 staff and 54,479 students receiving full or partial on-site (hybrid) education were included. Few students (1.4%) or staff (4.7%) tested positive for SARSCoV- 2. District rates varied from 0.1% to 3.3% in students and 0.7% to 8.7% in staff. Students in grades 9-12 had a higher rate of positive tests and cases were more likely linked to school-based exposure. Staff rate by grade level did not show an identifiable trend; staff rates were higher in nonattendance centers. Conclusions: Low SARS-CoV-2 student case rates suggests on-site learning formats may be appropriate. School trends reflected community rate reinforcing that communitylevel interventions are necessary to decrease transmission. As new variants arise, transmission characteristics must be studied. Health and education partnership is important to ensure the greatest well-being for students and staff.

Water quality assessment in the Cherry Creek watershed: Patterns of nutrient runoff in an agricultural watershed

Access to safe, high quality water for consumption, agriculture, industry, and recreation is critically important. Continuous agricultural and mining activities have impaired the waters of the Grand Lake watershed in the central Great Plains region of the United States. The Grand Lake watershed encompasses portions of southeast Kansas, southwest Missouri, northwest Arkansas, and northeast Oklahoma, and drains into Grand Lake in northeast Oklahoma. The Cherry Creek watershed drains approximately 882.2 km2 (218,000 ac) of land in southeast Kansas and is a contributor of water to the Grand Lake watershed. This paper presents a water quality assessment in the Cherry Creek watershed, with an end toward mitigation of nonpoint source pollutants that are a major contributor to sediment and nutrient contaminants in Grand Lake. A hydrological model was developed using the Hydrological Simulation Program Fortran code and was updated, calibrated, and verified with measured data reported by US Geological Survey (USGS) and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE). The model was extended to simulate water quality within the study area. Nitrate (NO3−-N), total ammonia (TAM), total phosphorus (TP), and orthophosphate (PO43−-P) concentrations measured at the USGS stations were used to calibrate the model, and concentrations reported by KDHE at downstream locations were used to verify the model. Results indicate good performance of the hydrological model as tests of fitness were within levels established in previous studies (root-mean-squared-error to standard deviation ratio [RSR] 0.6; NS > 0.5). Nutrient measurements below the minimum quantifiable limit (MQL) hampered precise simulation of nutrient changes, though simulated values were acceptable in terms of ranges of contaminant concentration values and seasonal trends. The calibrated model was used to estimate the probability that nutrient levels would exceed established water quality criteria for rivers and streams. Concentration values of NO3−-N and TAM are shown to be low for an agricultural watershed: 75% of the NO3−-N and TAM concentrations are lower than 0.41 mg L−1. The probability of NO3−-N and TAM concentrations being toxic for aquatic communities is lower than 9%. Although model-estimated PO43−-P concentrations were low in numerical value (ranging from 0 to 2.60 mg L−1), they could still promote eutrophication according to the accepted 0.05 mg L−1 criteria for maximum PO43−-P concentrations in streams. Concentrations of PO43−-P in Cherry Creek have a 30.4% probability of exceeding that threshold. Extensive use of animal manure (primarily poultry) or manure from cattle grazing on pasture may account for the elevated levels of PO43−-P observed in the watershed. Although nutrient runoff from agricultural watersheds is anticipated to be a major contributor to elevated stream nutrient loads, these results indicate minimal contamination from Cherry Creek.

Creation of a Kansas Spring Extreme Weather Syndrome Definition and Unique Records

ObjectiveTo evaluate syndrome definitions capturing storm- and extremeweather-related emergency department visits in Kansas hospitalsparticipating in the National Syndromic Surveillance Program(NSSP).IntroductionKansas storms can occur without warning and have potential tocause a multitude of health issues. Extreme weather preparednessand event monitoring for public health effects is being developedas a function of syndromic surveillance at the Kansas Departmentof Health and Environment (KDHE). The Syndromic SurveillanceProgram at KDHE utilized emergency department (ED) data to detectdirect health effects of the weather events in the first 9 months of2016. Current results show injuries directly related to the storms andalso some unexpected health effects that warrant further exploration.MethodsA basic syndrome definition was defined based on extreme springand summer weather events experienced in Kansas. This broaddefinition pulled records from Kansas EDs that included the followingin the Chief Complaint or Triage Notes fields:●Storm●Rain●Torna(dos)●Wind●FloodThis broad syndrome definition was performed on data submittedto the Kansas’s production server through NSSP between January 1stand August 30th, 2016. After the initial pull, duplicate records for thesame patient and visit were removed.The remaining set was then searched by hand to identify termscaught by the syndrome definition that were not related to stormactivity or extreme weather. Record chief complaints were thenscanned by hand to identify common words containing the searchcriteria and then removed. Keywords not of interest to the syndromedefinition that were caught were: migraine, window, drain, restrain,train, and many other proper nouns that contained one of the keywords.These remaining visits were then sorted by nature of visit andunexpected records were recorded for future direction of syndromedefinition development.ResultsThe initial data pull under these conditions yielded 17,691 uniqueemergency department visits from January 1stto August 30thduringthe 2016 year. From this, records were classified based on key wordsresulting in the pull. The table below shows the initial pull results, theremaining records after errant results were expunged, the percentageof visits that were removed, and the most common reason for removal.Of these records remaining after cleaning, 20 were related tostorms, 62 were related to rain, 7 were related to tornado activity,66 were related to wind, and 14 were related to flooding along withthe mixed variable instances shown in the table. A majority of thewind-related ED visits were injuries and the majority of the tornadoactivity events were related to injuries sustained while taking shelter.Many of the injuries mentioning storms were sustained in preparationfor the storm, and a handful were due to mental stresses regardingstorm activity.ConclusionsSyndrome definition development is an iterative process thatwill vary by region. By manually looking at line-level data details,future searches can better accommodate these errant results and falsepositives. These studies will facilitate more rapid extreme weatherresponse in Kansas and allow better situational awareness. Alongwith general storm-related injuries, knowledge of the unusual recordscaught by a syndrome definition can also help direct public educationin preparation of future storms. With injuries sustained while takingshelter and injuries sustained in preparation for the storm, we can takethese unique ED visits and work on interventions to prevent futureoccurrences.

Efficacy of a vision-screening tool for birth to 3 years early intervention programs

To validate a screening tool used to detect unsuspected visual pathway pathology in preschool children under 3years of age with developmental disabilities enrolled in an early intervention program using guidelines from the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE). The records of 300 consecutive children screened at a birth to 3 early intervention program from 2011 to 2014 were reviewed retrospectively. Inclusion criteria were documented KDHE vision screening examinations performed by trained early interventionist and full ophthalmic evaluations by a general ophthalmologist. The evaluation was only considered a pass if it was recorded on the chart and the child did not have any known risk factors. The visual pathway pathology status was determined after comprehensive ophthalmic examination, with the ophthalmologist masked to the vision screening results. A total of 216 children met inclusion criteria, of whom 137 were referred. The sensitivity was 95.3% (95% CI, 90.8-99.8); specificity, 57.25% (95% CI, 48.3-65.7); positive predictive value, 59.1% (95% CI, 50.4-67.3); negative predictive value, 94.9% (95% CI, 86.8-98.4); and negative likelihood ratio, 0.082 (95% CI, 0.031-0.22). A Pearson χ2 test for fit yielded an approximate P value of <0.0001. In this study population, good sensitivity and negative predictive value were demonstrated by the inexpensive screening examination coupled with associated risk factors for the 0-3 population of children with developmental disabilities.

Human illnesses and animal deaths associated with freshwater harmful algal blooms-Kansas.

Freshwater harmful algal bloom (FHAB) toxins can cause morbidity and mortality in both humans and animals, and the incidence of FHABs in the United States and Kansas has increased. In 2010, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) developed a FHAB policy and response plan. We describe the epidemiology of FHAB-associated morbidity and mortality in humans and animals in Kansas. Healthcare providers and veterinarians voluntarily reported FHAB-associated cases to KDHE. An investigation was initiated for each report to determine the source of exposure and to initiate public health mitigation actions. There were 38 water bodies with a confirmed FHAB in 2011. There were 34 reports of human and animal FHAB-associated health events in 2011, which included five dog deaths and hospitalization of two human case patients. Five confirmed human illnesses, two dog illnesses and five dog deaths were associated with one lake. Four human and seven dog cases were exposed to the lake after a public health alert was issued. Public health officials and FHAB partners must ensure continued awareness of the risks to the public, educate healthcare providers and veterinarians on FHAB-related health events and encourage timely reporting to public health authorities.

Disparities in Oral Health among School-Aged Children in Kansas

Background: The effects of age, rural-urban geographic location, and percentage of Free and Reduced Price Meal Program (FRPMP) participation on children’s oral health outcome measures (untreated decay, treated decay, and sealants) have not been fully explored in Kansas. Methods: The current study utilized a surveillance sample of 140,217 children (grades K through 12) attending 200 schools in Kansas, which requested screening assistance from the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) from 2012 to 2013. Multilevel logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify significant factors associated with oral health outcome measures. Results: Older children were associated with decreased odds of having untreated decay, and increased odds of having treated decay and sealants. Children attending very rural schools had increased odds of untreated and treated decay and decreased odds of presence of sealants. For every 5% increase in the school-level %FRPMP, the odds of having untreated and treated decay increased by 5% and 3%, respectively. However, %FRPMP was not statistically associated with the presence of sealants. Conclusions: Children attending schools in very rural and rural areas appear to have worse oral health outcomes, as measured by higher proportions of untreated and treated decay, and a smaller proportion of presence of sealants.

Listening to Kansans

Introduction The Kansas Cancer Partnership (KCP) began their work in the summer of 1999 at the request of the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE). The mission of the partnership was to focus on the reduction of cancer incidence, morbidity, and mortality for all Kansans through research, prevention, early detection, treatment, recovery, and palliative care. The Partnership completed their first set of tasks by utilizing available data and identifying gaps in the data to describe the burden of cancer in Kansas. Cancer is a major public health issue with an estimated 13,178 cases (ageadjusted rate: 457.67 per 100,000) for all cancer types in Kansas in 2006. 1 Of the 120,704 new cases of cancer reported in the Kansas Cancer Registry from 1997-2005, there were 20,211 cases of female breast cancer (16.7%). In the winter of 2003-04, KDHE and the Partnership began development of the Kansas Comprehensive Cancer Plan. The first step was a “Listening Tour” in four communities across the state to compile opinions and preferences. The tour was formed to hear what Kansans believed were the most important priorities to impact positive cancer-related changes. To continue the cancer planning conversation with a specific focus on breast cancer, the MidKansas Affiliate of Susan G. Komen for the Cure funded an additional focus group study in 2009 to document experiences and perceptions about breast cancer survivorship and to outline the possibility for developing a survivorship center in Wichita for Kansas breast cancer survivors. The 2009 study utilized a series of focus groups with breast cancer survivors to gather information about patient experiences and preferences for survivorship care. Focus groups and surveys used to assess breast cancer issues and treatment needs previously have included quality of life 2 , barriers to exercise 3 , cancer survivorship 4,5 , coping skills 6-8 , massage therapy 9 , and satisfaction with care 10 .

Successful unsaturated zone treatment of PCE with sodium permanganate

AbstractIn situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) with permanganate has been widely used for soil and groundwater treatment in the saturated zone. Due to the challenges associated with achieving effective distribution and retention in the unsaturated zone, there is a great interest in developing alternative injection technologies that increase the success of vadose‐zone treatment.The subject site is an active dry cleaner located in Topeka, Kansas. A relatively small area of residual contamination adjacent to the active facility building has been identified as the source of a large sitewide groundwater contamination plume with off‐site receptors. The Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) currently manages site remedial efforts and chose to pilot‐test ISCO with permanganate for the reduction of perchloroethene (PCE) soil concentrations within the source area. KDHE subsequently contracted Burns &amp; McDonnell to design and implement an ISCO pilot test.A treatability study was performed by Carus Corporation to determine permanganate‐soil‐oxidant‐demand (PSOD) and the required oxidant dosing for the site. The pilot‐test design included an ISCO injection approach that consisted of injecting aqueous sodium permanganate using direct‐push technology with a sealed borehole.During the pilot test, approximately 12,500 pounds of sodium permanganate were injected at a concentration of approximately 3 percent (by weight) using the methods described above. Confirmation soil sampling conducted after the injection event indicated PCE reductions ranging from approximately 79 to more than 99 percent. A follow‐up treatment, consisting of the injection of an additional 6,200 pounds of sodium permanganate, was implemented to address residual soil impacts remaining in the soil source zone. Confirmation soil sampling conducted after the treatment indicated a PCE reduction of greater than 90 percent at the most heavily impacted sample location and additional reductions in four of the six samples collected. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Category 4b Demonstration for Atrazine Impaired Waters in the Little Arkansas River Subbasin, Kansas

Section 303(d) of the Clean Water Act (CWA) and the US Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA’s) supporting regulations in 40 CFR Part 130.7 require states to develop lists of waterbodies impaired by a pollutant and needing a Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) (i.e., the Section 303(d) list) and to prepare a TMDL for each waterbody/pollutant combination. USEPA’s regulations also recognize that other pollution control requirements may obviate the need for a TMDL. These alternatives to TMDLs are commonly referred to as Category 4b waters as described in USEPA’s Integrated Reporting Guidance for Sections 303(d), 305(b), and 314 of the CWA. For the 2008 reporting cycle, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) assigned 11 nonpoint source atrazine impaired stream segments in the Little Arkansas River subbasin to Category 4b. The foundation of KDHE’s Category 4b demonstration is the Little Arkansas Watershed Restoration and Protection Strategy (WRAPS) and supplemental information. The WRAPS process grew out of the Section 319 program to foster watershed management for water quality. The process encompasses four stages: development of a stakeholder leadership team; assessment of watershed conditions; planning to identify goals, priorities and applicable programs for the watershed; and implementation of activities to improve water quality. The Little Arkansas WRAPS, completed in 2004, outlines restoration and protection goals and actions for the surface and groundwater of the Little Arkansas River subbasin. The WRAPS was developed by a stakeholder leadership team consisting of agency advisors (including Kansas State University [KSU] Research and Extension, Natural Resource Conservation Service [NRCS], local County Conservation Districts, and KDHE) and local agricultural producers and atrazine applicators that ultimately implement the voluntary BMP practices. The leadership team is currently focusing implementation of the WRAPS strategies on atrazine impairments in selected sub-watersheds within the Little Arkansas drainage. The elevated atrazine levels are associated with agricultural nonpoint sources: there are no point source dischargers of atrazine in the subbasin. Key components of implementing the WRAPS for atrazine include (1) an outreach/education program for the agricultural community (i.e., producers) on atrazine application rates, timing, alternatives, and label instructions; (2) an atrazine BMP program that includes BMP demonstration sites and on-farm visits by KSU extension staff to promote voluntary atrazine BMPs; and (3) incentive payments to producers that sign up and employ the voluntary BMPs. Based on the schedule for implementing the proposed controls, KDHE expects

Coal-Fired Power Plants, Greenhouse Gases, and State Statutory Substantial Endangerment Provisions: Climate Change Comes to Kansas

On October 17, 2007, the Bureau of Air and Radiation, Air Permitting Section of the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (“KDHE”) recommended the issuance of an Air Quality Construction Permit under state air quality legislation to the Sunflower Electric Power Corporation (“Sunflower”). The permit would have allowed Sunflower to construct two new 700 megawatt coal-fired steam generating units and associated ancillary equipment at the site of its existing generating station located in Holcomb, Kansas. The very next day, Roderick

Cluster of Tuberculosis Cases Among Exotic Dancers and Their Close Contacts--Kansas, 1994-2000

During January 2001, the Wichita-Sedgwick County Department of Community Health (WSCDCH), the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE), and CDC investigated a cluster of tuberculosis (TB) cases that occurred from 1994 to 2000 among women with a history of working as dancers in adult entertainment clubs (i.e., exotic dancers) and persons who were close contacts of exotic dancers. This report describes the results of the investigation and illustrates the need for early identification of TB clusters through ongoing surveillance and resources for health departments to respond rapidly to TB outbreaks.

Metals, boron, and selenium in Neosho Madtom habitats in the Neosho River in Kansas, U.S.A.

In 1991 and 1992 we determined the levels of metals, arsenic, boron, and selenium in the Neosho River drainage in southeastern Kansas, the primary habitat for the threatened Neosho madtom (Noturus placidus). We evaluated concentrations in sediments, mussels (Quadrula pustulosa and Q. metanevra), and fish (Percina phoxocephala, Cyprinus carpio, and Ictiobus bubalus) from three sites on the Neosho River and one site on the Cottonwood River. We also evaluated contaminant concentrations in C. carpio composite samples collected by the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) at two additional locations on the Neosho River in 1990-92. Sediments were contaminated by lead. Concentrations of selenium, boron, and most metals in mussels were low to normal for biota. Arsenic levels in mussels and fish suggest low-level contamination of biota. Aluminum, barium, manganese and strontium concentrations were much higher in mussels than in fish. Five fish composite samples had cadmium concentrations that indicate chronic deleterious effects on biota. Lead concentrations in six fish samples were elevated. Mercury concentrations in most large fish composites exceeded concentration for protection of animals that might consume them. We believe that reductions in cadmium, lead, and mercury contamination, in particular, would benefit aquatic life in the river.

Achievement of Dietary Goals—Kansas, 1993

Fat intake and other dietary factors are associated with increased risk for important chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer (1-4). To characterize the nutritional behaviors of residents of Kansas, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) conducted a nutrition assessment survey in 1993 and has used the results as a baseline for monitoring progress toward attaining Healthy Kansans 2000 (HK2000) nutrition objectives. This report summarizes selected findings from the nutrition survey relative to three HK2000 objectives: 1) increase to 35% the proportion of adults who consume five or more daily servings of fruits and vegetables; 2) increase to 40% the proportion of adults whose dietary fat intake constitutes < 30% of their total food-energy intake (a lower fat diet); and 3) increase to 70% the proportion of adults who consume > or = 600 mg of calcium daily (75% of the Recommended Dietary Allowance for adults aged > or = 25 years [5]).

Kansas environmental regulations (1995)

The Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) enforces two different regulation s in the state of Kansas. One set of regulation s is from the Federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and applies to larger operations. The other is a set of Kansas regulation s created by our state legislature for smaller operations. EPA regulations pertain to confined feeding operation s in excess of 1,000 animal units and require an EPA National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit. Because an animal unit for the NPDES permit is defined as one beef animal, a feedlot with a capacity of 1,000 or more will need to apply to KDHE for a NPDES permit. The main criterion of the permit is to contain the runoff volume from a 24-hour, 25-year frequency rainfall event.

New County Records for Fishes in Kansas

In 1984, the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) initiated a two year pilot study of fish communities in Kansas streams to evaluate the utility of fish community data as an indicator of both water quality and attainable use of these streams. Cross and Collins (1975) summarized the distribution of fish in Kansas. This report lists 26 new county records which are documented by the collections made in 1984, the first year of the KDHE study. Voucher specimens are deposited in the Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence. Listings include the scientific and common names of species, locality of collection and the KU Museum catalogue number.

Summary of Reported Fish Kills in Kansas during 1983

Sixty-five fish kill incidents were reported to the Kansas Fish and Game Commission during 1983. These involved nearly a quarter million individual fish mortalities representing a monetary worth of about $160,000. The mean number of mortalities per incident was 1608 with an associated mean loss value of $1,150. Pond kills comprised the most frequent water body class investigated with 35 reports being received. Streams suffered the most significant fish mortalities with two reaches in western Kansas sustaining estimated losses of nearly 370,000 fish because of water depletion. This constituted over 80 percent of all fish mortalities from all reported fish kills in 1983. Natural phenomena exceeded all other sources in causing fish kills. Problems stemming from agricultural origins contributed to a large majority of total fish mortalities. INTRODUCTION AND PROCEDURES The Kansas Fish and Game Commission (KFGC) and the Kansas Department of Health and Environment (KDHE) cooperate in investigating and reporting fish kill and water pollution incidents. Procedures for this interagency coordination are described in a memorandum of understanding signed by both agencies on 22 July 1982. This document outlines specific responsibilities of KFGC staff to estimate fish mortalities in the event of natural or man-caused fish kills. The primary responsibility of KDHE staff is to obtain necessary evidence and conduct sufficient investigations to determine the cause of the fish kill. The KFGC has collected and maintained yearly information on fish kills since 1960 with summaries of pertinent data being provided to KDHE and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) for their respective reporting needs. Field techniques for estimating fish mortalities and corresponding monetary values followed procedures described in "Monetary Values of Freshwater Fish and Fish-Kill Counting Guidelines" (American Fisheries Society, 1982). Suspected causes and pollution sources are based on best available This content downloaded from 157.55.39.163 on Wed, 21 Sep 2016 04:39:03 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms Table 1. Summary of 1983 fish kills in chronological order. Severity Numbers of Source Body of water County Date Miles or acres affected of kill fish killed Value of fish killed category" Specific cause of fish kill Pomona Reservoir Osage 1-24 NAb NA 300 NA O Reservoir releases stilling basin Lake Waltana Sedgwick 2-14 NA NA NA NA N Normal gizzard shad die off Coffee Creek Johnson 2-14 NA NA NA NA I Discharge of crude oil by vandals Fourmile Creek Butler 3-13 5 miles moderate 420 $ 185.70 A Feedlot discharge Chase State Fishing Chase 3-14 109 acres light 10,051 2721.33 N Winter kill Lake Pond (Anschutz) Russell 4-15 NA total NA NA I Brine from disposal well Pond (McMurry) Crawford 4-25 1 acre moderate 260 296.73 I Mined land drainage Pond (Sump) Clay 4-25 3.80 acres light 36 150.58 A Pesticide (atrazine) Ponds (Turnes) (2) Reno 5-1 0.25 acres moderate 201 83.30 N Overstocked Pond (Cedar Lake Sedgwick 5-3 1.50 acres heavy 510 424.32 U Unknown Townhouses) Pond (Porter) Cheyenne 5-6 NA NA NA NA N Disease (fungus infection) Pond (golfcourse) Cheyenne 5-6 NA NA NA NA U Unknown Neosho River Morris 5-7 1 mile light 35 9.50 U Unknown Pond (Christiansen) Cherokee 5-7 4 acres light 97 73.58 U Unknown Pond (Pitts) Reno 5-16 1 acre moderate 200 814.00 U Unknown Lake Jivaro Shawnee 5-16 50 acres NA 2000+ NA N Disease (bacterial or fungus infection) Pond (Wise) Miami 5-18 0.80 acre moderate 225 915.75 N Overstocked and disease (Ich) Sarcoxic Lake Leavenworth 5-20 27 acres light 190 285.15 N Disease (bacterial infection) Augusta City Lake Butler 5-24 180 acres light 135 144.50 U Unknown ,? 0 C? t"l