Kanamycin Ototoxicity Research Articles

KANAMYCIN OTOTOXICITY IN HEALTHY MEN.

Kanamycin was discovered by Umezawa in the course of a systematic screening of organisms that produced antibiotics effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including tubercle bacilli. He had hoped to find one that would not exhibit the delayed toxicity that characterizes other such antibiotics.^1-3Kanamycin was originally obtained as the amorphous hydrochloride and sulfate and as the crystalline monosulfate. It is a deoxystreptamine glycosidically linked to hexosamines⁴and, in this respect, is chemically similar to neomycin. Initial pharmacologic studies indicated that kanamycin was less ototoxic than an equivalent dosage of dihydrostreptomycin in experimental animals but, as experience accumulated in its clinical use, it became obvious that this drug could be severely ototoxic in humans.^5-12Toxicity was reported most frequently when patients with impaired renal function received a high daily dosage. Several cases have been reported in which the onset of hearing loss in patients with renal disease

Kanamycin Deafness

The authors present the findings in the temporal bones of a patient who suffered profound hearing loss following the administration of Kanamycin. Tissue fixative solution was injected into the middle ears immediately following death and the temporal bones were removed for further histological preparation two hours later. Serial sections were prepared in the horizontal plane and the the histopathological changes were spacially determined by graphic reconstruction.The most significant change was a severe loss of outer and inner hair cells of the organ of Corti. The supporting elements of the organ of Corti as well as the stria vascularis. spiral ligament, spiral prominence, tectorial membrane, limbus, etc. were normal. The spiral ganglion showed no degenerative changes and the vestibular end-organs and ganglia appeared normal.One of the factors in Kanamycin ototoxicity in this patient was the presence of long-standing renal failure. It is suggested that kidney and liver function tests and audiometric tests have been performed before and during periods of Kanamycin administration.

The ototoxicity of kanamycin in guinea pigs.

The ototoxicity of kanamycin in guinea pigs.

Recent developments in antibiotic therapy.

Article1 February 1960RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ANTIBIOTIC THERAPYLOWELL A. RANTZ, M.D., F.A.C.P.LOWELL A. RANTZ, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-52-2-362 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe most interesting developments in the field of antimicrobial therapy have centered about the introduction of a number of new agents. Some of these are modifications of, or are closely related to, drugs already in use, whereas others are completely new.Sulfonamides:Two sulfonamide drugs, sulfamethoxypyridazine (Kynex)1and sulfadimethoxine (Madribon),2, 3have recently received wide clinical trial. Both have similar properties in that they are absorbed rapidly and well from the gastrointestinal tract and excreted slowly by the kidney. Treatment is thus possible with a single daily dose of 0.5 to 1.0 gm., and renal complications due to a high...Bibliography1. JonesFinland WFM: Sulfamethoxypyridazine and sulfachlorpyridazine, Ann. New York Acad. Sc. 69: 473, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar2. RossPuigZaremba SJREA: Sulfadimethoxine, a new long-acting sulfonamide. Some preliminary clinical and laboratory observations in infants and children, in Antibiotics annual 1958-1959, Medical Encyclopedia, Inc., New York, 1959, pp. 56-63. Google Scholar3. Boger WP: A new long-acting antibacterial sulfonamide, 2,4-dimethoxy-6-sulfanilamido-1, 3-diazine: a comparative study, in Antibiotics annual 1958-1959, Medical Encyclopedia, Inc., New York, 1959, pp. 48-55. Google Scholar4. LepperSimonMarienfeld MHAJCJ: Use of sulfamethoxypyridazine in the prevention of streptococcal infections in rheumatic patients, Ann. New York Acad. Sc. 69: 485-492, 1957. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar5. 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Observations of effects and side-effects in seventeen cases of staphylococcic pneumonia, J. A. M. A. 167: 1584-1586 (July 26) 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar21. NewtonWard RMVG: Leukopenia associated with ristocetin (Spontin) administration. Report of two cases, J. A. M. A. 166: 1956-1959 (Apr. 19) 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar22. RantzJawetz LAE: Failure of ristocetin therapy in three cases of staphylococcal sepsis with bacteremia, New England J. Med. 259: 963, 1958. CrossrefMedlineGoogle Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Palo Alto, California*Received for publication May 16, 1959.Presented at the Fortieth Annual Session of The American College of Physicians, Chicago, Illinois, April 23, 1959.From the Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, San Francisco, California.Requests for reprints should be addressed to Lowell A. Rantz, M.D., Professor of Medicine, Stanford Medical Center, 300 Pasteur Drive, Palo Alto, California. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byAntimicrobial Therapy in Heart Disease in Children 1 February 1960Volume 52, Issue 2Page: 362-367KeywordsAntibioticsAntimicrobialsClinical trialsDrugsGastrointestinal tractKidneysStaphylococcal infectionSulfonamide ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1960 PDF downloadLoading ...