Kampar River Research Articles

Numerical Simulation of Tidal Bore Bono at Kampar River

Numerical Simulation of Tidal Bore Bono at Kampar River

Spawning Potential Ratio of Feather Back (Chitala Lopis) at Kampar River, Riau

The feather back, Chitala lopis is an important economic fish, inhabit Kampar River and its population tend to decrease so that management and conservation efforts should be conducted. Limited data of the feather back is one of the problems in formulating the management of the population. Spawning potential ratio (SPR) approach is an option being used in the management of the fish stock in the poor data. The study aimed to analysis spawning potential ratio of the feather back in Kampar River, Riau. The research has been conducted in May, August and October 2016. The total length at first capture (Lc) of feather back was less than the total length at first maturity (Lm) with the SPR value of 5 %. This condition could impact to decreasing the feather back stock. The SPR value should increased more than 20 % so the feather back population would been stable. Regulation of the fisheries was mainly limited mesh size of the gillnet operated should be applied.

PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI KELOMPOK NELAYAN TANGKAP DALAM UPAYA OPTIMALISASI TANGKAPAN IKAN PRODUK PEKASAM KEMASAN DI DESA PANGKALAN SERAI

Pangkalan Serai village, one of the villages in the Kampar Kiri Hulu sub-district, is a kampar river basin that is still isolated and a part of its residents are fishermen. Catchesfishermen have generally been sold fresh, overlaid (diang on bamboo beds) for fish supplies, ormaking it into pakasam. Pakasam is a kind of side dish that is processed by fermentation methodfrom fish with special spices which are inserted into small jars or closed jars for about 10 daysand after that period it can be cooked like fried or fried. Servicer conducts community partnershipprograms in this village with guidance of two groups of fishermen, namely the group of fishermencaught in the hamlet of Muara Biwan and the hamlet of Telaga Beras. With this service activityit is expected that this fishermen group can overcome problems in household products such as fishermen not paying attention to hygienic aspects and product quality standards that are suitable for consumption. So that in the end the pekasam they produce has high economic value and istraded to increase income and family welfare.

Ichthyofauna checklist (Chordata: Actinopterygii) for indicating water quality in Kampar River catchment, Malaysia

Ng CKC, Ooi PAC, Wong WL, Khoo G. 2018. Ichthyofauna checklist (Chordata: Actinopterygii) for indicating water quality in Kampar River catchment, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 19: 2252-2274. The limnological habitats are receptors of pollution, thus local fish species richness is a plausible biological indicator to reflect the quality of a particular water body. However, database on species occurrence that corresponds with the water physico-chemistry constituents is often not available. The problem is compounded by the lack of species identification description to assist those working on river and freshwater resource conservation projects. This paper attempts to fill the gaps in the context of Kampar River drainage. Based on sampling exercises conducted from October 2015 to March 2017, an annotated list with visual data for 56 species belonging to 44 genera and 23 families is presented. The water physico-chemistry data is also summarized with the corresponding visual data of limnological zones studied. The species diversity results are further compared with other local drainages and the correlation between area size and their relationship is expressed by y = 17.627e0.0601x. This paper provides species-level identification information for front line practice and demonstrates how the fish taxonomy discipline can be adapted for practical application in freshwater resource monitoring and management.

Analisa Pemetaan Kawasan Rawan Banjir di Kabupaten Kampar

Kampar District is traversed by two large rivers and several small rivers, including Kampar River which is ± 413.5 km long with an average depth of 7.7 m, and an average width of 143 m. Referring to Central Statistics Agency Kampar Regency (2015), Kampar residents numbered 703,005 people with a growth of 2.57% that exceeded the national population growth in 2010 of 1.49%. The Kampar Kanan River has a much larger flood impact than Kampar Kiri River because the majority of the population lives along the banks of the Kampar Kanan River. Areas that are always targeted need to be mapped in the form of flood vulnerability maps within Kampar regency. To map areas susceptible to flooding in Kampar District can be done using remote sensing data based on Geographic Information System (GIS). Analysis of the overlay map results as an indicator of flooding in 4 flood vulnerability classes in Kampar regency. Overlaid maps consist of Rainfall Map, Slope Map, Land Use Map and Geological Map, which resulted in the widest area in Kampar District in the prone category of 459,977.89 ha or 42.86% of the district area. The second sequence is in the non-vulnerable category 236,082.39 ha or 22.00%. While the order of the 3rd area is in very vulnerable category that is 219.279.54 ha or 20.43%, and the smallest area is in the safe category of 157,835.01 ha or 14.71% of Kampar Regency area.

Modeling of Kampar River Discharge as a Solitary Wave

The propagation of tidal bore in Kampar River is investigated through a soliton theory. For far field region, the Bono wave can be treated as a solitary wave propagates on the open channel flow. The wave propagation in term of the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equations will be described. A single soliton solution and environmental effect will be obtained. The result shows that the amplitude of tidal bore is about 5m it will have the velocity 11.6 m/s and its wavelength 30m. We found that the river discharge will decrease the tidal bore velocity and decay the amplitude.

PARTICLE SIZE CHARACTERISTICS OF RIVERBED SEDIMENTS TRANSPORTED BY TIDAL BORE ‘BONO’ IN KAMPAR ESTUARY, RIAU-INDONESIA

The presence of tidal bore in the Kampar River (locally known as ‘bono’) may influence sedimentation in the Kampar River and its estuary. Understanding sedimentation mechanisms (e.g., erosion, deposition) is important to communities along the Kampar River, which can be studied by analyzing characteristics of grain size distribution. Here, we study riverbed sediment samples collected from 17 stations using an Ekman grab sampler, accompanied by bathymetry and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) measurements. Grain size data show that the sediments are coarser upstream and gradually finer downstream. Silty sands are predominant in the upstream section of the river, sands in its river body and sandy silts in the downstream. The results indicate the influence of undular bores on grain size characteristics. We also found that the propagation of bono and Kampar River’s funnelshaped morphology cause intense scouring events of riverbed sediments. Sortation values that range between 0.332.14 suggest unstable currents that result in randomly deposited sediments. The sediment mass transfer per area is positively towards downstream at the low tidal condition. However, after the passage of the bores, the sediment mass transfer area becomes negatively towards upstream.

Water quality variation during a strong El Niño event in 2016: a case study in Kampar River, Malaysia

El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a natural forcing that affects global climate patterns, thereon influencing freshwater quality and security. In the advent of a strong El Niño warming event in 2016 which induced an extreme dry weather in Malaysia, water quality variation was investigated in Kampar River which supplies potable water to a population of 92,850. Sampling points were stratified into four ecohydrological units and 144 water samples were examined from October 2015 to March 2017. The Malaysian Water Quality Index (WQI) and some supplementary parameters were analysed in the context of reduced precipitation. Data shows that prolonged dry weather, episodic and sporadic pollution incidents have caused some anomalies in dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), turbidity and ammoniacal nitrogen (AN) values recorded and the possible factors are discussed. The month of March and August 2016 recorded the lowest precipitation, but the overall resultant WQI remained acceptable. Since the occurrence of a strong El Niño event is infrequent and far between in decadal time scale, this paper gives some rare insights that may be central to monitoring and managing freshwater resource that has a crucial impact to the mass population in the region of Southeast Asia.

Kajian Penanda Genetik Gen Sitokrom b DNA Mitokondria Ikan Lais dari Sungai Kampar Riau

The mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt-b) gene as a phylogenetic marker of lais fish Kryptopterus schilbeides from Kampar River in Riau has been studied. This is a prelimininary research on the utility of cyt-b gene as a molecular marker to obtain species diversity and phylogenetic relationship among Kryptopterus fishes from Kampar River. The primers of L14841 and H15149 were used to amplify the cyt-b gene. The results showed that K. schilbeides has isoleusine at site-81 and metionine at site-114; K. schilbeides from Kampar River and K. schilbeides from GenBank form a phylogeny cluster at 45% value.

River and Civilization in Sumatera’s Historical Perspective in The 7th to 14th Centuries

The study of the relationship of civilization and the river as a natural path resulting from the interaction process between hydrological behaviors with the surface of the earth, vary over time and strongly influenced by the nature of the river, river function, and human behavior in the effort to utilize the river and its resources. The dynamics of water flow and river sediments are not only influenced by natural behavior, but also human behavior or activity. All living things that exist on earth also need a river, including humans. Rivers are often controlled to be more useful or reduce their negative impact on human activities. The benefits of the river for human life are very important and vital, for an example to retain water, to flow the water downstream, the source of sustenance, and the river is often considered as a place for contemplation, relaxation, and even to get enlightenment. It has long been acknowledged that the river became the beginning for the emerge and the development of a civilization, both in the perspective of "A Hydraulic Empire Civilization" and "The Cradle of Civilization". According to the spirit of the time (zeitgeist), humans began to develop technology in the growth areas around the river, the dam was built to control the water flow, to store water or produce energy; the embankment is designed to prevent the river from flowing over flood border; canals are built to connect rivers for transfer the water or navigation. The development of settlements and cultural centers between the 7th and 14th centuries in Sumatera Island cannot be separated from the existence of the Musi River, Batang Hari, Siak, and Kampar River. In that period left a very clear historical trail, namely the kingdom of Sriwijaya as a maritime kingdom, Bahal, Muara Takus Temple, and Muaro Jambi temple.

Quarternary Sediment Characteristics of Floodplain area: Study Case at Kampar River, Rumbio Area and Surroundings, Riau Province

The study area is located in some floodplains of meandering river environment along the Kampar River, Rumbio. Typical morphology of meandering river that found in this area can be classified as stream channel, floodplain, abandoned channel, and sand bars deposit. Meandering river system carries sediment supply by suspended and bed - load (mixed load) in conjunction with low energy into a particular characteristic on sediment deposition. This study aims to determine the characteristics of the sediments, changes in vertical and lateral spread of sediment deposition on the floodplain environment. This study conducted by field survey using a hand auger of 1.5m - 4m depth and trenching which is a layer that has been exposed of 1-2 meters depth. Further analysis had been carried out using granulometri method and core data analysis to determine the characteristics and depositional facies. Sediment deposit that formed along the Kampar River is the result of the main channel migration of Kampar River. The characteristic of quaternary sediment facies is coarse to gravelly sand on the bottom followed by fine to very fine sand with pattern fining upwards and silt to clay and abundant terrestrial organic matter at the uppermost layer. Depositional facies are determined based on the characteristics of sediment facies which can be grouped into a stream channel, oblique accretion deposits, sand bars and overbank deposits.

Infiltration Rate of Quarternary Sediment at Rumbio Jaya, Kampar, Riau

The study of infiltration rate was conducted at Rumbio Jaya, Kampar, Riau which closed with meandering river of Kampar. Infiltration rate data collected by using double ring infiltrometer with 30 cm and 60 cm diameter of cylinder. To support the data of infiltration test at quarternary sediment, subsurface soil profiling data were taken with hand auger drilling. The result of infiltration rate analysis shown the highest value is located at ST 2 and ST 3 (southwest part of study area) with value 248 mm/hr and 159 mm/hr. infiltration rate gradually decreasing toward northeast of study area with lowest value 2.6 mm/hr at ST 6 which caused location very closed to Kampar River. Core data from hand auger drilling support result of infiltration rate with gravelly sand layer (high porosity and permeability) are dominated at study area and some low infiltration rate location consists of thick layer of silt.

The study of history based on local antiquity: A case study of existence of Kampar River in analyzing the past maritime in teaching history

This paper describes the history-based learning local history, which takes the case of the existence of the Kampar River as local aspects in the learning of the maritime history in Indonesia. The data obtained through the triangulation by collecting interviews, observation, documentation study and refered to articles, journals, textbooks and data other documents in the library that supported the teaching of history based on local history in the analyzing of maritime history in Indonesia, then it was investigated and drawn as a conclusion that the Kampar River was able to be used as the study of history in the local context in understanding of the teaching history in Indonesia related to maritime history. The results in this study show that first, Kampar River is a river that is loaded with historical events of the Kingdom of Sriwijaya, The Kingdom of Islamic until the independence of Indonesia. Second, the existence of Kampar River as a aspect of emergence of history / local aspect which is able to be used as information about the maritime historyto the learners. For learning process, it involves local aspects of learners to connect, internalize and develop cooperation in analyzing of the concept aspects practicely in teaching maritime history. The concept of local history-based teaching history is contextually-learning learning concept that emphasizes the relevance of teaching materials with real world of learners. The existence of Kampar River is a means emergence of history / local aspect can be used as information about the maritime history to assist in the understanding of teaching maritime history on the learner, for learning involving local aspects for learners to connect, internalize and develop cooperation in analyzing aspects of the concept to praxis in teaching maritime history. The concept of local history-based teaching history is contextually-learning learning concept that emphasizes the relevance of teaching materials with real world of learners. The existence of Kampar River is a means emergence of history / local aspect can be used as information about the maritime history to assist in the understanding of teaching maritime history on the learner, for learning involving local aspects for learners to connect, internalize and develop cooperation in analyzing aspects of the concept practically in learning the maritime history. The concept of local history-based learning is contextually-learning that emphasizes the relevance of teaching materials with real world of learners.

PERANCANGAN PILOT PLANT PENGOLAHAN AIR MINUM UNTUK ZONA PENDIDIKAN DAN RISET KAWASAN TECHNO PARK, KABUPATEN PELALAWAN

Techno Park regional development in order to increase regional competitiveness based on innovation and knowledge (konwledge based economy) requires infrastructure that can meet basic human needs, such as drinking water supply for the community. Techno Park region Pelalawan, Riau province located in the peat so that most of the water source is brownish and contains peat. While surface water sources such as rivers Kampar located far from the region. Therefore, to overcome the problems of water supply for the people who will live in the region need to be prepared water supply planning. Early stages of development is focused on the areas of education and research zone so that planning for water supply will also be prioritized in both these zones. Has calculated the drinking water needs based on projected population and water demand standard in these locations. Planning of water treatment plant will conduct in 5 stages yearly so that development is more economic with design capacity of 5 l / sec in 2033. Alternative sources of raw water are from Kampar river or groundwater that is used if transmission pipeline from the Kapuas river has not ben constructed. Technology of drinking water treatment with ultrafiltration processes that are environmentally friendly will be applied to meet the water needs of society. Transmission pipelines is planned of 15 inches diameter laying in parallel with lane highway from Kampar River ( location intake BPAB ) to the water treatment plant in the education zone . Keywords : Techno park region, water supply planning, ultrafiltrasi, peat area.

Spatial Analysis of the River Line and Land Cover Changes in the Kampar River Estuary: The Influence of the Bono Tidal Bore Phenomenon

The Kampar River estuary is well known for a tidal-bore phenomenon called ‘Bono waves’. The emergence of Bono waves has a significant influence on the estuary system of Kampar River. Scoured materials, resulting from the hydraulic jump of the tidal bore, are carried into the middle of the river. These materials are then deposited when the velocity of the river decreases as a result of the collision of the tidal current from the sea and the river flow. The aim of this was to determine the area of erosion and sedimentation with respect to the river line and perform land-cover change analysis for the area around the Kampar River estuary for the years of 1990, 2007, 2010 and 2016. The method employed was the supervised maximum likelihood (SML) classifications, which uses an overlay technique to yield alternate information on the river line and land-cover changes in the form of time-series data. The largest erosion occurred during 1990–2007, for which the average change reached 2.36 ha/year. The smallest erosion occurred during 2010–2016, when the change reached 0.41 ha/year. The largest land-cover change was found during 1990–2016, which occurred in the land for agriculture/plantations (11.57 ha/year), building/settlement (48.11 ha/year) and scrubland (30.88 ha/year). The other types of land cover, such as bare land and sediment deposition, varied every single year. The changes to the river line are caused by land-cover changes, and the Bono waves that lead to erosion and sedimentation that is not stable in the middle of the river and downstream.

Impacts of anthropogenic pressures on the contemporary biogeography of threatened crocodilians in Indonesia

AbstractThe Greater Sunda region of South-east Asia supports a rich diversity of economically and ecologically important species. However, human pressures are reshaping contemporary biogeography across the region. Megafaunal distributional patterns have been particularly affected because of deforestation, poaching and human–wildlife conflict. Crocodilians are at the centre of these conflicts in Indonesia and yet remain poorly studied across much of the archipelago. We conducted population surveys of salt-water crocodiles Crocodylus porosus and false gharials Tomistoma schlegelii in Sumatra, and examined whether crocodile abundance and distribution are correlated with variations in human disturbance, fishing pressure, and habitat type. We then used these data to model remaining suitable habitat for T. schlegelii across South-east Asia. We found that abundance of T. schlegelii and C. porosus was correlated with distance from human settlements, and fish-trapping pressure. We recorded the presence of T. schlegelii in a river system in which it was previously unknown, thus expanding the known range of the species. We also found that the predicted remaining suitable habitat for T. schlegelii in Indonesia is largely limited to areas of low human activity. From these empirical and modelling approaches we propose several key conservation priorities: (1) eliminate the use of fish traps in remaining patches of T. schlegelii habitat, (2) prioritize crocodile population surveys in remaining suitable habitat, particularly in remote areas, (3) consider T. schlegelii to be potentially Endangered locally in Sumatra, and (4) expand existing reserves around the Lower Kampar River and Berbak National Park/Sembilang National Park areas of Sumatra.

Effect of water temperature on the physiological stress and growth performance of tapah (Wallago leeri) during domestication

Abstract The objectives of the present study were to analyze the effect of temperature regimes on stress levels and to determine the suitable water temperature for the domestication of tapah, Wallago leeri Bleeker. A completely randomized method was used in this study, and three levels of water temperature were tested, namely, 27, 29, and 31°C, in seven replicates. A total of 500 experimental fish were collected from the Kampar River, Langgam, Riau, Indonesia, and transported to the Aquaculture Laboratory, Riau University. The fish were reared in 21 tanks at stocking densities of 70-100 fish tank−1. The fish were fed rough fish three times a day at 08:00, 12:00, and 21:00 for 30 days. Blood samples were taken on days 1, 14, and 29, which were analyzed for cortisol, glucose, and plasma protein. Growth and survival rates were recorded at the end of the experiment. ANOVA showed that water temperature had a significant effect on the stress condition, growth, and survival rate of tapah. Lower blood glucose, protein, and cortisol plasma levels were recorded in fish acclimatized at 29°C with values of 14.44 mg dL−1, 5.35 g dL−1, and 6.90 mg mL−1, respectively. Additionally, higher growth performance (32.30 g) and survival rates (100%) were also found in fish reared at 29°C. It was concluded that the best water temperature for the domestication of tapah is 29°C.

Nutrient Condition of Kampar Big River Estuary: Distribution of N and P Concentrations Drifted by Tidal Bore ”Bono”

Due to accelerated anthropogenic activity, a significant amount of pollutants has been directly or indirectly discharged into coastal estuaries of Kampar. Nutrient pollution along the river to the estuary that adversely affects coastal and estuary ecosystem mainly originates from inland such as industrial effluent, household, and agricultural waste as well as a naturally derived pollutant from biogeochemical cycle, which is controlled by the propagation of undular bore (Bono). The purpose of this study is to determine the environmental impact of distribution of nutrients caused by the mechanism of Bono. This research employed a purposive quantitative method, the concentration of dissolved phosphate, nitrate, nitrite and ammonia was analyzed using a spectrophotometer, tidal data retrieval was measured for 30 days’ near the estuarine area, while, current flow was measured for 24 hours’ measurement. Phosphate concentrations ranged from 0.02-0.1 mg.L-1, nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.76-5.73 mg.L-1, ammonia concentrations ranged from 0.2-0.41 mg.L-1, nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.001-0.03 mg.L-1. The tidal type is mixed tide prevailing semidiurnal with tidal range reach 4.2 m during spring tide condition. At the time of Bono propagate, drastically enhance the surface elevation and directly increase the drift of velocity with the flow direction from estuary into the river upstream, that mechanism affects the nutrient distribution in Kampar river. Keywords: Bono, Fluid dynamics, Nutrient distribution, Tidal bore, Water quality

REMOTE ESTIMATION OF TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLID (TSS) TRANSPORT AFFECTED BY TIDAL BORE “BONO” OF KAMPAR BIG RIVER ESTUARY USING LANDSAT 8 OLI IMAGERY

The Kampar River estuary has a unique tidal bore, namely Bono. A tidal bore is a natural phenomenon caused by the tidal flow which meet the flow of the river. Tidal bore "Bono" has an impact on the transport of suspended particles which is pretty much along the Kampar River. The purpose of this study is to determine the estimated concentration of total suspended solid in the river as the result of the transport by Bono in Kampar River estuary by Landsat 8 OLI. The primary data are Landsat 8 OLI sensor – on Path 126 and Row 60, recording date was on 23 -04-2016, which was analyzed spatially – and TSS in situ. The secondary data are tide forecasting data and topographical map of Indonesia. Distribution of total suspended solid indicates sediment transport and its distribution by TSS values ranged between 10-150 mg.L-1 and TSS in situ value ranged between 42-241 mg.L-1. Tidal range ranged from 0.78 to 4.2 m and current velocity ranged from 0-0.9 m.s-1, which generate tidal bore extending from the mouth to the river body, resulting in suspended particle transport along the river. TSS concentration is higher in the river estuary.

GENETIC DIFFERENTIATION OF THE KAMPAR RIVER'S GIANT FEATHERBACK (Chitala lopis BLEEKER 1851) BASE ON MITOCHONDRIAL DNA ANALYSIS

Although the giant featherback Chitala lopis is an important fish in Kampar River, the population structure has not been investigated. In this study, genetic diversity and population structure of giant featherback were examined using nucleotide sequence analysis of mitochondrial DNA control region for 54 fish collected from Kampar River.