Kamchatka Territory Research Articles

Fish products market of the Kamchatka Region: features of activities, implementations and problems

The article is devoted to the study of the characteristics of the fishery market in the Kamchatka Territory, which is one of the key regions of Russia for the extraction and processing of aquatic biological resources (ABR). The study includes a detailed analysis of the production of various types of FBR. The directions for the sale of fish products, both on the domestic market of Russia and on international markets, are discussed, identifying the main export directions and barriers that arise in conditions of foreign economic instability and sanctions pressure. Particular attention is paid to the dynamics of the consumer price index (CPI) for fish products, including factors influencing price increases.

Estuarine ichthyofauna of Kamchatka: formation conditions, species diversity and ecological characterisation

Species composition of the estuarine ichthyofauna is described for the first time on a regional scale for Kamchatka Territory based on the materials of author’s field studies carried out in 2010–2022, as well as on the analysis of all available information (literature, archival, survey, fishery, etc.). Specific features of the conditions of formation of estuarine ichthyofauna of the region are revealed. Fish species dominating in abundance in Kamchatka estuaries are indicated. The main ecological groups (guilds) of estuarine fishes are outlined. It was found that 1 species of cyclostomes and 60 species of fishes belonging to 44 genera and 23 families can be attributed to the estuarine ichthyofauna of Kamchatka. All these species are, to varying degrees, euryhaline and therefore may utilize individual Kamchatka estuaries as habitats at various stages of the life cycle. The basis of species diversity of the ichthyofauna of Kamchatka estuaries is formed by marine fishes (at least 34 species), the second in importance are anadromous species (1 species of cyclostomes and 14 species of fishes), the minimum contribution belongs to freshwater resident fishes (13 species), which are found only in estuaries of some rivers of the region. Fish that can be referred to the ecological group of “solely estuarine” (i. e., those whose full life cycle takes place in estuaries) are probably absent in Kamchatka. The maximum species diversity of fish communutues is observed either in big Kamchatka estuaries that are largely open to the sea or in river basins with a diverse freshwater ichthyofauna. Environmental conditions in such estuaries are more favorable for the migrations and habitat of marine fish species (mainly coastal ichthyocene). At the same time, all anadromous or some freshwater euryhaline species may also use these same estuaries as temporary habitats at certain stages of the life cycle. Fish species diversity is significantly higher in the estuaries of the eastern coast of Kamchatka, which is explained by the milder climatic conditions of this area (compared to the coast of the Sea of Okhotsk), as well as by the greater typological diversity of estuaries. A separate section summarizes the currently available information on the biology and ecology of all species of fishes and fish of Kamchatka estuaries, which is presented in the form of brief species sketches (including, external view at individual stages of the life cycle; key morphological characters; maximum size and age; distribution over the territory of the region; habitat specifics, lifestyle and migrations; peculiarities of reproduction and development; feeding preferences; abundance in the region, commercial or economic importance).

Социальное благополучие жителей Камчатского края в условиях санкций

The social well-being of the inhabitants of the Kamchatka Territory is evaluated, with a particular focus on changes in this parameter following the introduction of anti-Russian sanctions. It has been demonstrated that the inhabitants of Kamchatka were compelled to alter their lifestyle and reduce spending, due to a lack of familiar goods. It is evident that the most significant factor in the formation of uncertainty about the future among the inhabitants of Kamchatka is a decrease in the level of income. The active stance of the residents of the Kamchatka Territory in the face of sanctions is evidenced by their expressed intention to pursue additional education and to establish their own businesses.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ РЫБОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА КАМЧАТСКОГО КРАЯ

The trends and prospects for the development of the fishery complex (FHC) of the Kamchatka Territory are explored through the prism of analyzing program documents at the federal and regional levels. The main focus of development is aimed at creating a high-tech fishing cluster, modernizing fish processing enterprises, updating the fleet and developing maritime logistics. Special attention is paid to the integration of ports into the cargo turnover of the Northern Sea Route (NSR) and the creation of a competitive ship repair complex. Social aspects include improving the region's personnel self-sufficiency and creating social facilities. Environmental initiatives such as recycling fish waste and creating protected areas are particularly considered. The article presents conclusions about the strengths and weaknesses of each program document.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ НА АРХИТЕКТУРНОЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ ОБЪЕКТОВ ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО ТУРИЗМА НА ОСОБО ОХРАНЯЕМЫХ ПРИРОДНЫХ ТЕРРИТОРИЯХ КАМЧАТСКОГО КРАЯ

The Kamchatka Territory has significant potential for the development of ecological tourism in specially protected natural areas (protected areas). However, currently there is insufficient development of the scientific and theoretical base in the field of architectural organization of tourist facilities in this area, especially taking into account the preservation and development of unique natural systems. Based on this, the purpose of the study is to identify methods of architectural design of ecotourism facilities in protected areas of the Kamchatka region. The objectives of the study are aimed at considering the specifics of local natural conditions. The methods used in scientific work are the analysis of tourist buildings with similar natural characteristics and the study of the influence of environmental factors on the architectural design of tourism facilities. The article considers the natural, climatic and landscape conditions of the Kamchatka Territory, such as various landforms, temperature conditions, precipitation and wind conditions depending on the part of the peninsula. In addition, examples of tourist buildings placed in the desired or similar natural conditions were studied. As a result of the study, various methods of architectural design of tourist buildings and structures in the protected areas of the region were identified, including means of forming a master plan of the complex, approaches to creating functional planning and spatial organization of structures, as well as the choice of effective design solutions and engineering technologies for the operation of facilities. It is concluded that the proposed methods of architectural design of buildings and complexes will contribute to the formation of eco-tourism facilities in the protected areas of the Kamchatka Territory, taking into account the preservation of the unique natural complexes of the region.

Breeding value of potato hybrid clones from the VIR collection revealed in the environments of Kamchatka Territory

Background. Potato breeding involves planned artificial hybridization between previously selected parental lines. A way to make potato breeding more efficient is to use the diversity of the germplasm and broaden the gene pool of parental lines. Interspecific potato hybrids originated on the elite potato germplasm display a set of valuable traits. The current challenge is to assess the performance of potato hybrids under specific soil and climate conditions to clarify their breeding value.The objective of the study was to evaluate potato hybrids in the environments of Kamchatka Territory according to a set of traits, identify the best parental lines, develop new hybrid combinations, and select promising breeding material.Materials and methods. Eleven potato hybrids from VIR were studied over three years (2020–2022) in the fields of Kamchatka Research Institute of Agriculture. The hybrids were benchmarked against two reference potato cultivars, ‘Fresco’ and ‘Vulkan’, belonging to the early and mid-early maturity groups, respectively. Crosses between the hybrids and 28 potato cultivars were carried out in the greenhouse. The new hybrid material was tested in a preliminary trial nursery for yield and earliness.Results. Hybrid 117-2 was better in yield (899 g/plant) than cvs. ‘Vulkan’ and ‘Fresco’ (700–739 g/plant). Hybrids 94-5, 99-10- 1, 8-1-2004, 8-3-2004, 8-5-2004, 135-3-2005, 135-5-2005, 99-6-6, and 134-2-2006 in most traits matched the potato cultivars, manifesting good berry formation and seed setting when crossed. Out of 140 crosses between 11 hybrids and 28 cultivars, 35 crosses between 10 hybrids and 13 cultivars were successful. Most hybrids were effectively used in crossings as maternal forms.Conclusion. VIR’s hybrids 94-5, 8-1-2004, and 8-5-2004 proved the most promising as source material for the development of new early potatoes under the conditions of Kamchatka Territory.

Применение творожной СЫВОРОТКИ В ТЕХНОЛОГИИ КОЛБАСНО-СОСИСОЧНЫХ ИЗДЕЛИЙ с рыбной составляющей как направление рационального использования вторичного пищевого сырья

In this paper, we discuss the use of whey in food technologies. We discuss the feasibility of production by enterprises from Kamchatka Territory of products using whey as a secondary raw material and benign fish food waste from fillet. Introduction of these components into food compositions in the production of sausage products will provide the opportunity to implement the principle of rational use of biological resources and will expand the range of products that are in demand by consumers. Data from a study of methods for introducing curd whey into the minced meat mixture for the preparation of sausage products are presented. It has been shown that achieving high consumer (organoleptic) properties of the finished product is ensured by introducing whey into minced meat in the form of a suspension. The dependence of the taste and aroma properties and consistency of products on the amount of curd whey introduced into the recipe composition is characterized.

Analysis of seismic resistance of large-panel multi-apartment residential buildings of series typical for the Kamchatka region

the analysis of the available information on the design seismic resistance of panel buildings erected in the Kamchatka Territory from 1969 to 1998 is presented. A comparison of seismic loads during the design years of these houses with the current ones was carried out. The data on the detected damages in structures were summarized, the most vulnerable elements of buildings were identified. 
 The seismic risk assessment for buildings of the widespread series 1-464 AC, 138c, 138k, 189 was 
 carried out. The formulated conclusions allow us to statistically assess the need for seismic reinforcement of buildings of these series and determine the direction of further research

Adaptive potential large-fruited strawberry varieties and hybrids (Fragaria×ananassa duch.) in the conditions of the Kamchatka territory

The article presents the results of assessing the productivity, ecological plasticity, stability, homeostasis and breeding value of large-fruited strawberry varieties in the conditions of the Kamchatka Territory. According to the results of the research, the Alexandrina variety and hybrids 4-0-1, 5-0-2 with high productivity and ecological plasticity were identified for use in breeding programs when creating new agroecologically specialized varieties.

The economic hierarchy, linkage, and directions between the three northeastern provinces of China and Russian Far East

AbstractThe economic hierarchy index, economic linkage model, and economic membership model are used to study the economic hierarchy, linkage, and direction of Northeast China and Russian Far East from 2005 to 2020, using the three northeastern provinces of China and 11 Far East federal subjects of Russia as the research objects. The findings are as follows: (1) There is a major polarization effect between developed affluent economic regions and stagnant isolated backward regions in the economic rankings in the 11 Russian Far East federal subjects from 2005 to 2020. (2) The three northeastern provinces of China have more economic linkages with their near Russian neighbors— the east‐oriented Primorsky Territory, the north‐oriented Amur Region, and the north‐oriented Khabarovsk Territory, than with their farther neighbors— the Chukotka Autonomous Area, Magadan Region, and Kamchatka Territory. (3) From 2005 to 2020, the Primorsky Territory has been serving as the focal point of economic linkages between Russian Far East and Northeast China, showing the expanding outward pattern resembling the concentric circles.

Leprarioid lichens and associated lichenicolous fungi from the Commander Islands (Kamchatka Territory, Russia) including a new species Lepraria tiinae


 
 
 Here, we present new records of leprarioid lichens from the Commander Islands, including one species of Lithocalla and six species of Lepraria. Notably, we describe as new to science Lepraria tiinae, which is quite common in coastal biotopes of the archipelago. The main distinguishing phenotypic features of this new species include large granules of the thallus, a well-developed hypothallus, dark rhizohyphae, and the production of thiophanic acid, arthothelin, and dichlorolichexanthone. Additionally, three species of lichenicolous fungi or fungi associated with leprarioid lichens were found in the studied specimens, all of which are new to the Kamchatka Territory.
 
 

Regional Strategy Development Based on the Principles of Sustainable Development by the Example of the Kamchatka Territory

The purpose of the study is to substantiate scientifically and to illustrate the application of methodology for assessing and planning sustainable regional development using the example of the Kamchatka Territory. The author analyzes the experience of regional development strategic planning over the past 10 years, assesses the current socio-economic situation of the Kamchatka Territory, as well as key industries, social sphere and regional infrastructure. The study draws attention to environmental risks and proposes methodological approaches to assessing the prospects for sustainable development, based on analysis of the dynamics of the general well-being and financial stability of the region. Social and economic factors influencing sustainable development are considered, and also practical recommendations for developing strategies of sustainable development of the region are presented. The study may be useful for practitioners and researchers in the field of regional development, helping to improve strategic planning in the Kamchatka Territory and similar regions.

Analytical review of the results of salmon fisheries in Kamchatka Territory in 2018–2022 (fore- casts, fisheries, stocks). Communication 1 (Pink salmon, Chum salmon)

The paper considers results of the analysis of salmon fisheries in Kamchatka Region in 2018–2022 (for pink salmon 2017–2022). The material analyzed includes commercial fishery statistics data presenting information on annual, seasonal and daily catches of pink salmon and chum salmon for the main units of the regional stocks. The main patterns are shown and critical points are outlined to justify predictions of the runs/catch of spawners. In addition, multi-year estimates of the variability of spawning stocks of pink salmon and chum salmon with respect to spawning escapement targets are presented.

Analytical review of the results of salmon fisheries in Kamchatka Territory in 2018–2022 (forecasts, fisheries, stocks). Сommunication 2 (sockeye salmon, coho salmon, chinook salmon)

The paper considers results of the analysis of salmon fisheries in Kamchatka Region in 2018–2022. The material analyzed includes commercial fishery statistics data presenting information on annual, seasonal and daily catches of sockeye salmon, coho salmon, chinook salmon for the main units of the regional stocks. The main patterns are shown and critical points are outlined to justify predictions of the runs/catch of spawners. In addition, multi-year estimates of the variability of spawning stocks of sockeye salmon, coho salmon, chinook salmon with respect to spawning escapement targets are presented.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ СОВЕТСКОГО ПЕРИОДА РАЗВИТИЯ РЫБОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО КОМПЛЕКСА КАМЧАТСКОГО КРАЯ

From the beginning of the development of the territory of Kamchatka, its production and economic system was formed in the context of the presence of the richest aquatic biological resources, and, accordingly, their extraction and processing. Actually, the wide opportunity for the development of the fishing industry served as the starting point for the development and development of the region. Thus, the mono-industry structure that has developed in the Kamchatka economy has deep historical roots. The study made it possible to identify the stages of development of the fishery complex of the Kamchatka Territory, determine the features and problems of each stage, explore the dynamics of key indicators of the industry's development and analyze the relationship between the development of the industry and the socio-economic indicators of the development of the Kamchatka Territory.
 This article highlights the results of the Soviet period of development of the fishery complex of the Kamchatka Territory, presents the results of a study of the main statistical indicators of the socio-economic development of the region, and substantiates the role of the fishery industry as the basis for this development.

Model Libraries of the Urals, Siberia and the Far East (on the National Library of Russia Monitoring Data)

The Librarianship Organization Sector of the Scientific and Methodological Department of the National Library of Russia (NLR) annually monitors statistical indicators of the public libraries network activities run by the Ministry of Culture of the Russian Federation, which results are presented in analytical references on the library’s website, stated in scientific reports and articles. Under monitoring, the Department’s specialists carry on analytical and synthetic processing of materials provided by central libraries or information centers of the departments of culture of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Lately, special attention is paid to model libraries formation, which creation was initiated in 2019 by the Federal project “Cultural Environment” within the framework of the national project “Culture”. The paper objective is to trace the dynamics of model libraries number at the territory of the Ural, Siberian and the Far Eastern Federal Districts (FD) and the Federation constituent entities in them for 4 years of the project functioning (2019-2022). Separately, data on model libraries of the new generation are recorded. The author analyzes the following indicators by districts and regions of the Urals, Siberia and the Far East: the number, types of model libraries, as well as the share of municipal libraries, material and technical conditions of which make it possible to implement the tasks of the Model Standard of Public Library Activities. The article names the regions standing out in terms of individual parameters; identifies the leaders in creating model libraries among the subjects of the Russian Federation beyond the Urals: Chelyabinsk Region in the Ural Federal District, Altai Territory in the Siberian Federal District, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the Far Eastern Federal District. It notes that the territories most remote from the center of the country – Sakhalin Region, Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Kamchatka Territory – still have low amount of model libraries (especially model libraries of the new generation).

Tools to Stimulate the Innovation Sphere of the Kamchatka Territory to Sustainable Development

Tools to Stimulate the Innovation Sphere of the Kamchatka Territory to Sustainable Development

Analysis and Generalization of the Properties of Mountain Rock Formations of the Deposits of the Kamchatka Territory

Analysis and Generalization of the Properties of Mountain Rock Formations of the Deposits of the Kamchatka Territory

The Role of Innovation in the Economic Development of the Eastern Regions of the Russian Federation: Economic and Statistical Analysis

The article evaluates an innovative component of economic growth in the eastern regions of the Russian Federation using statistical analysis methods. The relevance of the matter under consideration is increasing dramatically due to the introduction of economic sanctions against Russia, which significantly restrict the import of high-tech and innovative products into our country. Based on Rosstat data for 2016–2019, a comparative analysis of the development of several areas of innovation and economic activity in the regions of the Russian Federation as part of the Far East Federal District (Far East – FE) and the Baikal Region (BR) was carried out. According to the authors, currently, in the regions under consideration, there is an imbalance in the individual components of the innovation sphere, significant heterogeneity, and uneven development of innovation and technological processes in general. The effectiveness of innovation activity in the regions under review in comparison with the indicators for Russia as a whole is low. The revealed multidirectional dynamics of innovation activity indicators in the regions and the lag of most of them from the average Russian level are connected, in the authors’ opinion, with the problems of organizational and financial support of innovation activity and insufficient budget funding allocated to stimulate it. Innovations in the FE and the BR regions were carried out mainly at the expense of the organizations' own funds. In the structure of their costs, most of the funds were allocated for the purchase of machinery and equipment, in 2019 the share of research and development costs significantly increased. The export of innovative products was carried out in less than half of the considered group of regions. The intensity of exports of innovative products in the economy as a whole, as well as in the field of industrial production, exceeds the national level and accounts for about half or more of the total export volume. In terms of the effectiveness of innovation activity among the analyzed regions, the Khabarovsk Territory is the undisputed leader, and among the outsiders are the Magadan Region and the Kamchatka Territory in 2016, the Trans-Baikal Territory in 2019. In most regions, there is an increase in the raw materials orientation of economic systems, and a decrease in the share of the manufacturing sector in the gross regional product (GRP). The results of the analysis of the role of innovation activity in the economic development of the eastern regions of the country and interregional comparative statistics, according to the authors, can be used in the development of updated and upgraded programs for the socio-economic development of the subjects of the FE and the BR of the Russian Federation, concerning present-day foreign policy and foreign economic realities.

Plant, Lichen and Fungi Forage Species of Reindeer Pastures in the Olyutorsky District of the Koryak Region (Kamchatka Territory)

Abstract—A list of forage plants, lichens and fungi of reindeer pastures of the Olyutorsky District of the Koryak Region was compiled for the first time. 233 species of vascular plants from 37 families, 37 species of forage lichens and 7 genera of mushrooms were identified. The main species of fodder lichens in the Korjak District are: Cladonia stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar et Vězda, C. rangiferina (L.) F.H. Wigg., C. arbuscula (Wallr.) Flot. s.l., C. mitis Sandst., Flavocetraria cucullata (Bellardi) Kärnefelt et Thell at all. The main forage plants are: Salix pulchra Cham., S. alaxensis Cov., S. krylovii E. Wolf, S. saxatilis Turcz. ex Ledeb., S. arctica Pall. et all; Betula exilis Sukacz., B. middendorffii Trautv. et Mey.; Arctophila fulva (Trin.) Anderss., Calamagrostis purpurea (Trin.) Trin. s.l., Poa L. spp., Festuca L. spp.; Carex lugens H. T. Holm., C. globularis L., C. appendiculata (Trautv. et C.A. Mey.) Kük., C. lyngbyei Hornem. subsp. Cryptocarpa (C.A. Mey.) Hultén, C. rhynchophysa C.A. Mey.; Eriophorum vaginatum L., E. polystachyon L., E. russeolum Fries, E. scheuchzeri Hoppe; E-quisetum L. spp.; Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Polygonaceae species. For each species, the family, life-form (biomorph), edible plant organs and grazing seasons were indicated. Regional patterns of the reindeer pastures vegetation in the North of the Koryak Region are discussed; some grazing preferences of Chukchi deer breed are noted.