Kama River Basin Research Articles

Выбор методов защиты от наводнений на примере бассейна реки Камы

An integrated approach to development of measures on protection against flooding based on genetic analysis of inequality determining the territory non-flooding conditions has been proposed. The outputs of the approach testing with two towns in the Kama River basin as study cases have been presented.

Источники формирования железа в поверхностных водах реки Камы в пределах Пермского края

Main factors of total iron formation in the Perm Kray water bodies have been analyzed in the paper. Calculation of the iron chemical discharge module for the Kama River basin rivers has been made. Some practical and theoretical issues of the use of assessment criteria for technogenic loads upon water bodies have been considered.

К вопросу о расчете водохозяйственных балансов и лимитов забора водных ресурсов

Analysis of methodic recommendation on calculation of the relationships and characteristics has been given on the basis of experience in calculation of water/economic balances and water resources abstraction limits, as well as waste water discharge limits for water/economic parts of the Kama River basin within the frameworks of the Scheme of Water Resources Integrated Use and Protection (SWRIUP) development. Some clarification of the above methods has been proposed.

Fauna of chironomids (Diptera, Chironomidae) of the Kama River Basin

An annotated list of chironomid species is presented for the watercourses and waterbodies of the Kama River Basin, which covers the territories of Perm krai, Sverdlov oblast’, Kirov oblast’, the Udmurt Republic, and the Republic of Bashkortostan. The list includes 253 species of 107 genera and 6 subfamilies: Podonominae (2 species), Tanypodinae (35), Diamesinae (10), Prodiamesinae (4), Orthocladiinae (92), and Chironominae (110). Eighty one of these species were defined under the imagoes.

Possible traces of feeding by beetles in coniferophyte wood from the Kazanian of the Kama River basin

Possible traces of feeding by wood-boring beetle larvae (Coleoptera, ?Permocupedidae) are described from the Middle Permian locality Tikhie Gory (Tatarstan, right bank of the Kama River, Kazanian Stage). The traces in the form of perpendicular tunnels and shafts were left in picnoxylic wood of some coniferophytes s.l. (the orders Pinales, Cordaitales, or Vojnovskyales).

Nitrogen fixation and denitrification in plankton and periphyton of the Kama River Basin watercourses

The results of studies on molecular nitrogen fixation and denitrification by plankton, epiphytone, and epilithone in a number of natural and anthropogenic waterways of the Kama River Basin are presented for summer and autumn periods of 2005. The nitrogen fixation and denitrification was quantified by acetylene gas chromatography. The phototrophic anoxybiotic purple non-sulfurous bacteria, in particular, of Rhodopseudomonas, Rhodobacter and Rhodocyclus genera, play a significant role in active denitrification in the presence of sulfide-free flow water in the Kama River and its inflows in epilithone, algal-bacterial mats, and biological sewage disposal plants in Perm. On the other hand, the heterocyst cyanobacteria of Anabaena and Aphanizomenon genera had a leading position in active N2 fixation in the plankton and periphyton of the lower river streams.

On the Level of Budget Security for Schemes of Water Bodies Integrated Use and Protection

The paper considers issues of a region’s investment water/economic potential assessment and formation in the process of the Scheme of Water Bodies Integrated Use and Protection implementation. Budgets of water/economic and water/protective measures included into the above Schemes have been compared with potential financial resources to be allocated for these measures; the Kama River basin has been used as an example. The necessity of these resources assessment in development of the Schemes has been validated.

Macroinvertebrates: Caspian invaders in the reservoirs and rivers of the Kama River basin

The character of the distribution of Caspian invaders in the Kama River basin and the current state of their development in the Kama water reservoirs were studied. The role of invaders in the structure and functioning of bottom communities is reviewed.

A hydrologic contribution to risk assessment for the Caspian Sea

The Caspian Sea (CS), the world's largest inland sea, may also be considered as large-scale limnic system. Due to strong fluctuations of its water level during the 20th century and the flooding of vast areas in a highly vulnerable coastal zone, economic and environmental risk potentials have to be considered. Since the major water input into the CS is attributed to the Volga river, the understanding of its long-term flow process is necessary for an appropriate risk assessment for the CS and its coastal area. Therefore, a top–down approach based on statistical analyses of long-term Volga flow series is pursued. For the series of annual mean flow (MQ) of the Volga river basin during the 20th century, a complex oscillation pattern was identified. Analyses for multiple gauges in the Volga river basin and Eurasian reference basins revealed that this oscillation pattern resulted from the superposition of oscillations with periods of ∼30 years (MQ) in the western part of the Volga river basin, and ∼14 years (flow volume of snowmelt events) and ∼20 years (flow volume of summer and autumn) in the eastern part of the Volga river basin (Kama river basin). Almost synchronous minima or maxima of these oscillations occurred just in the periods of substantial changes of the Caspian Sea level (CSL). It can thus be assumed that the described mechanism is fundamental for an understanding of the CSL development during the 20th century. Regarding the global climate change, it is still difficult to predict reliably the development of the CSL for the 21st century. Consequently, we suggest an ongoing, interdisciplinary research co-operation among climatology, hydrology, hydraulics, ecology and spatial data management.