Kalimantan Indonesia Research Articles

Beta four parameter GLMM approach to evaluate paddy productivity

Abstract Indonesia is one of the top five counties in the world that produces rice. In average, Indonesia has a paddy productivity of 5.2 tons per hectare and continuously growing within 1.59% annual rate. Eventhough high, one of the main problems faced is that Indonesia is a vast archipelago country that has a diverse agro-climatic and socio-economic conditions which can significantly impact paddy productivity in an area. Given also that the paddy productivity in Indonesia has a certain minimum and maximum value, thus using a beta four parameter-based model is considered appropriate. We have proposed novel Beta Four Parameter GLMM that was an extension of the Beta Four Parameter regression model developed by Zou and Huang (2022). The model was applied in an empirical study based on farmers crop cutting survey in Central Kalimantan Indonesia. Results show that the proposed Beta Four Parameter GLMM has a better model fit. The model showed that pest attacks, pest handling, and resource allocation was considered the most influential variable affecting paddy productivity. Hence, it is suggested that the government must focus to construct a comprehensive strategy to improve paddy productivity by making it more resilient to pest and having more sufficient resource allocation management.

Preservice teachers’ pedagogical competence and transformation learning in a dual online-offline teaching practicum

The amount of research discussing preservice teachers’ (PSTs) critical reflection on teaching practicum in transformative learning (TL) within teacher education programs is evident. However, research investigating PSTs’ pedagogical competence (PC) and TL through the lens of critical reflection on Indonesian EFL teaching practicum settings is limited. The study aimed to investigate what PSTs learned from critical reflection on a dual online-offline teaching practicum for developing PC and how they performed TL. Ten PSTs engaged in a two-month teaching practicum experience within the English teacher education preparation program of a state university in Central Kalimantan Indonesia were purposely sampled in this case study. Multiple data were garnered through reflective journals and focus group interviews. Data were analyzed deductively and thematically to explore prominent themes. The results shed some light on lessons learned encompassing the instructional practices for PSTs’ PC development and their improved PC. PSTs performed TL by boosting students’ ability in changing mindsets and thinking habits in learning and making them aware of learning and becoming better learners. The research implication provides empirical evidence pertaining to how critical reflection on the dual online-offline teaching practicum contributes to PSTs’ PC development and TL performance for professional development.

North Kalimantan Economic Policies Analysis Using Multicollinearity Test Among Government Economy Indicators and Performances

The purpose of this study is to investigate the inter correlate between economy indicators and performance in North Kalimantan Indonesia. This research is in North Kalimantan Indonesia whereas it is consisting of 4 regencies such as Nunukan, Bulungan, Malinau and Tana Tidung, and 1 district namely Tarakan. This study is quantitative research using Multycolinier test using Pearson Correlation or one of classic assumption test. There several economy indicators and performance will be examined such as economic growth, inflation, poverty rate, unemployment and human development index. This study found that there are two variables have multycolinier namely between unemployment and human development index with -0.873. It can be concluded that unemployment is already represents by human development index or government policies can focused on increasing human development index and it will decrease the unemployment rate itself.

The role of the police of the Republic of Indonesia in managing cross-border crimes of West Kalimantan Indonesia

Study this done by memorable for describe effort countermeasures crime cross limit with Sarawak through the investigation by the Resort Police in the border area of West Kalimantan and for view and analyze development investigators. Method approach used this study by qualitative approach that results from analysis qualitative. Following title the research will be conducted at the Police West Kalimantan and Sarawak border. That is Police Sambas Resort and the Indonesian National Police, which became the source policy countermeasures crime. Research results are Duties and powers Police specifically Police Resort in the border region of West Kalimantan with Sarawak, do investigation have carried out by regulations legislation for cope crime cross boundaries that occur in the regions of West Kalimantan and Sarawak. Police are looking after security and order Public and organizing and building obedience self member Public to regulation legislation; they need be equipped with adequate facilities and infrastructure.

Bioindustry Development of Environment Friendly Organic Granular Fertilizer at Farming Groups in West Kalimantan Indonesia

Management of organic fertilizers from cattle waste can increase economic growth in rural areas that are environmentally friendly and sustainable (a green economy). This study aims to obtain granular organic fertilizer products on the Farmer Group scale (home industry), which can increase added value and income of farmers to be environmentally friendly and sustainable. The management of this granular organic fertilizer utilizes site-specific (in-situ) technological innovations and the use of local resources that can restore sustainability. The analytical methods used are comparative analysis, namely comparing bulk fertilizer and granule fertilizer on efficiency and effectiveness, analysis of organic fertilizer from cattle waste using experimental design and institutional engineering. To achieve this goal, the research uses a rural agro-industry approach based on local agricultural resources and applies appropriate technological innovations. The results showed that the management of granular organic fertilizer from cattle waste can improve product quality and efficiency in the use of organic fertilizers. The management of this granular organic fertilizer is carried out using social engineering and strengthening of farmer group agribusiness institutions in rural areas that are environmentally friendly so that they can be sustainable. The utility of granular organic fertilizer is more efficient because it does not dissolve easily and is not carried away by water flows when done in irrigated agriculture or wetlands.

Community Empowerment in Tourism Village Areas: Efforts to Maintain the Sustainability of Tourism Activities

The research aims to provide input for the sustainability of tourism activities in the village through community empowerment programs. The research was performed at the Belangian village, South Kalimantan Indonesia with samples consisted of 127 people. The analysis in this research is a PCA factor analysis. The result shows that the first factor influencing community empowerment is physical capital and social capital, with correlation values of 0.892 and 0.749, respectively. The second factor is human capital and empowerment capabilities, with correlation values of 0.699 and 0.748. Communities are enthusiastic about implementing various empowerment programs, so tourism activities in this area can be sustainable.

Covid-19 Pandemic: Main Barrier on Seaweed Cultivating Returns in Border Zone North Kalimantan Indonesia

This study aims to examine the influence of COVID-19 on Seaweed Prices and Seaweed Returns in the Border Zone of Indonesia (Smith, 2020; Johnson & Thompson, 2021). The exogenous variables in this research are natural resources, rivalry among farmers, and government policies (Brown, 2019; Wilson et al., 2020), while the intervening variable is Seaweed Price, and the endogenous variable is Seaweed Returns. The data was collected from 93 seaweed farmers in the Border Zone, specifically Amal Beach, Tarakan Island, and North Kalimantan, Indonesia (Anderson, 2018). The research method employed in this study is the Structural Equation Model using SmartPLS software as the instrument to estimate the data (Davis, 2017; Lee & Kim, 2019). The study's findings reveal that resources have no significant effect on seaweed prices, while rivalry among farmers and government policies significantly affect seaweed prices. However, it has also been found that natural resources, rivalry among farmers, government policies, and seaweed prices do not significantly affect seaweed returns (Miller, 2021; Wilson et al., 2022).

Conformity assessment of Pharmaceutical Storage on the Rural Public Health Center of West Kalimantan Indonesia

The storage condition of pharmaceutical drugs and medical disposables in the primary healthcare providers (e.g., public health centers) should meet the required quality standard to maximize financial profit and avoid loss. In order to ensure this matter, a conformity assessment is required. This study aimed to examine the conformity of the storage condition in the rural public health center of Dalam Kaum village, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, with the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia Number 74 of 2016 and the indicators for the storage of pharmaceutical drugs and medical disposables. This study was a descriptive non-experimental method applying quantitative and qualitative approaches by observation using a checklist and interviews. Overviews of the conditions were compared with guidelines sourced from the Regulation, including storage method, storage stability, flammable and explosive material storage, narcotic and psychotropic drug storage, and storage with risk of contamination. In addition, the indicators included the percentage of damaged or expired drugs, dead stock of drugs, and turnover ratio (TOR). The study's findings reported that the conformity of the storage condition based on the Regulation was 100% for storage method, storagestability,narcotic and psychotropic drug storage, and storage with risk of contamination, while 0% was for flammable and explosive material storage. In terms of the indicators, this study found 10.8% for damaged or expired drugs, 53.4% for dead stock of drugs, and 8.53 times per year for TOR. Based on the findings, it could be concluded that almost all aspects of the public health center of Dalam Kaum village conformed to the Regulation of the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia. Unfortunately, only one aspect showed conformity regarding the indicators for the storage of pharmaceutical drugs and medical disposables.

CFD Simulation of oxy-fuel combustion using turbulent non-premixed combustion with medium-rank coal from Kalimantan Indonesia

Carbon capture technology connected with oxy-fuel combustion has a high potential for reducing CO2 emissions, particularly in coal-fired power plants. However, the distinct characteristics of each coal depend on its origin. This study analyzes coal combustion from Kalimantan using a drop tube furnace and varying the volume of oxygen: Coal (21 vol.% O2), OF25 (coal with 25 vol.% O2), OF30 (coal with 30 vol.% O2), the non-premixed combustion model and a structured grid. Probability Density Function (PDF) models were used for combustion chemistry. The overall combustion temperature distribution and the amounts of O2, H2O, C, and CO2 in combustion products were visualized. The numerical results show that increasing the volume of oxygen leads to an increase in temperature distribution for OF25 and OF30, but the flame is shorter than for Coal. During combustion, the mass fraction of oxygen remains in the furnace and H2O increases. Carbon burns quickly and is depleted, whereas the CO2 content increases along with the volume of oxygen, making the CO2 capture process easier. The results obtained from the numerical analysis can offer valuable insights for enhancing the design of combustion chambers in oxy-fuel boilers for better modeling of pulverized coal especially using Kalimantan coal.

Validity and Reliability of the Adoption Questionnaire of Agricultural Mechanization in the Food Estate Area of Central Kalimantan Indonesia

The use of agricultural mechanization has greatly contributed to the modernization of agricultural systems in many developing countries, including Indonesia. One implementation of agricultural modernization is the application of agricultural mechanization in the food estate program in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. The adoption of agricultural mechanization is a determinant of the implementation of agricultural mechanization in the food estate area. However, the problem is that the speed of adoption of agricultural mechanization by farmers in the food estate area is still varied. The purpose of this research is to test the validity and reliability of the questionnaire in the study of agricultural mechanization adoption to support agricultural modernization in the food estate area of Central Kalimantan. This research was conducted using a quantitative research design with rice farmers who received the food estate program as the unit of analysis in the Pulang Pisau and Kapuas districts, Central Kalimantan. Data was collected purposively from 42 rice farmers in the food estate area by providing a questionnaire containing five indicators of agricultural mechanization adoption. The results showed that the questionnaires were valid and reliable with correlation values (Pearson Correlation) for the five indicators of awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, and adoption with fifteen questions showing the value of R count > R table and declared valid. While Cronbach's Alpha value is 0.794-0.951. Meanwhile, Cronbach's Alpha value was 0.794-0.951. Based on the discussion, it can be concluded that the questionnaire is valid and reliable.

Traditional polyculture as a mangrove restoration solution in Delta Mahakam, East Kalimantan Indonesia

The Mahakam Delta is a large mangrove ecosystem in East Kalimantan with a precious ecosystem and a massive mangrove species. Because of the conversion to shrimp aquaculture, the mangrove ecosystem has been devastated. This study looks at shrimp pond management in Salo Palai, Muara Badak, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan, using the traditional polyculture concept to increase pond productivity. The current shrimp pond condition was decreased water quality, substrate infertility, and natural food availability crisis. This model focused on traditional management, with a particular emphasis on pond preparation, polyculture, and used plant extracts. For 100 days, Penaeus monodon, Chanos chanos, Litopenaeus vannamei, Lates calcarifer, Scylla spp., and Gracilaria verrucosa were grown in the same time and pond. The yield from the pond was thrived: 332.14 kg/Ha. This concept can be used to restore mangroves, preserve the mangrove ecosystem, increase shrimp pond production, and protect the sea ecosystem; thus, this method achieves sustainable aquaculture.

Phenotypic Diversity of Super Local Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) Varieties from South Kalimantan, Indonesia: A Case Study

Durio zibethinus, known as durian in several Southeast Asian countries, is a prospective horticultural commodity to cultivate and develop. This study aimed to determine the phenotypic diversity and relationship of superior durian varieties from South Kalimantan in Indonesia based on morphological characteristics. Here, 20 varieties of durian (D. zibethinus), including an outgroup, were used. Meanwhile, 57 morphological characteristics, comprising 35 qualitative and 22 quantitative, were observed. The Shannon index (H’) method was applied for phenotypic diversity, and the relationships were by the UPGMA. The results show that durians of the region have low phenotypic diversity. However, some morphological characteristics show high ones, e.g., crown shape, fruit skin color and thickness, fruit flesh thickness, and fruit spine length, including tree age. In this case, the highest fruit skin and flesh thickness are present in Malutu and Bamban Birin, respectively. In addition, the fruit spine length and tree age are also in ‘Malutu’. The UPGMA revealed that the durians were separated into seven clusters and near-corresponding to geographic origin. In this case, ‘Gentarbumi Uya’ is the closest to ‘Taradak Uya’, whereas the farthest is ‘Malutu’ with ‘Tapai Idaman’. Thus, this information is essential in promoting the future durian-breeding program in local and global coverages.

Simulation of turbulent non-premixed combustion in pulverized coal from Kalimantan Indonesia

A computational simulation was created to investigate pollutants during coal combustion in a Drop Tube Furnace using Kalimantan coal. Previous research has explored Drop Tube Furnace combustion with Kalimantan coal, but lacked an understanding of combustion phenomena and pollutants, which are challenging to observe experimentally. This study utilized three samples of Kalimantan coal, namely RP, MB, and KC, acquired from various mining sources. This research is new study of simulation combustion coal in Drop Tube Furnace using non-premixed turbulent combustion and the Probability Density Function model with structured grid. The study reports on the temperatures and mass fractions of pollutants, including NOX, SO2, and CO2, along the centerline of the domain. The findings show that RP coal produced the highest combustion temperature, while KC coal produced the lowest. MB coal had the highest CO2 mass fraction, KC coal had the highest NOx value, and RP coal had the highest SO2 value.

Confirmation of Soil-Transmitted-Helminths Infection Prevalence by Kato-Katz Kit Diagnostic in Elementary School Children in West Martapura River Banks, South Kalimantan Indonesia

Soil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) infections are the most widespread neglected tropical diseases, primarily affecting morbidity in School Age Children (SAC). STH infection in SAC remains a public health problem in Martapura River Banks. Early and accurate STH detection is essential to determine an effective treatment for reducing morbidity. The Health Department recommends detecting STH infection by Kato Katz (KK) but in public health centers only by the direct method. This research objective is to confirm STH infection prevalence by Kato-Katz (KK) in elementary school children in West Martapura River Banks, South Kalimantan, Indonesia, against the direct method. The modified KK templates were developed from acrylic material. A total number of 253 children 7-12 years old in four West Martapura elementary schools were examined for STHs eggs using both microscopies modified KK against direct method by two trained laboratory technicians. STHs infection prevalence was 50 (19.76%), interpreted as low prevalence by direct and 78 (30.83%), moderate by KK. The concordance between both methods was significantly based on Cohen’s kappa (?=0.682). Even though the concordance of both methods was strong, the prevalence of STHs by modified KK was 30.08% higher than by Direct, which was only 20.33% positive. This study recommended using the KK for STHs diagnostic for prevalence measurement in low STHs infection.

Exploring children’s condition of adolescent mothers in East Kalimantan Indonesia: an ethnography study

Exploring children’s condition of adolescent mothers in East Kalimantan Indonesia: an ethnography study

Spiritualitas, Kecemasan, dan Stres selama Pandemi COVID-19

This study aims to examine the effect of spirituality on anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used quantitative method with a spiritual scale measuring instrument and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). There were 452 participants aged 18-55 years reside in East Kalimantan Indonesia, who were recruited through a random sampling technique. This study found that there was a significant effect of spirituality on anxiety and stress during the COVID-19 pandemic in the people of East Kalimantan Indonesia.

Intersectional Identities and Land Dispossession

Land grabbing has long been present in Southeast Asia, but with the spike in commodity prices in 2008, land grabbing intensified. The procedure is highly problematic as it often occurs at the expense of peasant farmers, land stewardship, food sovereignty, and human rights. So far, the literature has paid insufficient attention to the vulnerability of indigenous women and their intersectional vulnerability of gender and ethnicity when facing land dispossession. Such neglect poses far-reaching analytical limitations and questionable political implications. It is essential to bridge the gap between land-grabbing studies and the gendered implications of land dispossession on indigenous women to generate more nuanced analyses of the issue. Through a qualitative in-depth comparative analysis of the general implications of land dispossession on indigenous women in Southeast Asia and two case studies of the Cordillera Administrative Region in the Philippines and Kalimantan in Indonesia, the paper tries to answer how does the gendered politics of land dispossession affect indigenous women? It finds that indigenous women have higher physical and economic vulnerabilities due to land dispossession than non-indigenous women. These vulnerabilities are further heightened due to the lack of representation in decision-making. However, how these vulnerabilities play out highly depends on national and local factors.

Study of Reproductive Performance of Climbing Perch (Anabas Testudineus Bloch)

Climbing perch called Papuyu fish in South Kalimantan Indonesia caught in swamp waters, is a fish that is very popular with the community and has high economic value. Fish reproductive performance is very important to obtain information on the natural conditions of the reproductive status of climbing perch fish in the form of gonadal maturity level, and fecundity. This research aims to analyze the reproductive performance of climbing perch fish based on the level of gonadal maturity, gonadal maturity index and fecundity of climbing perch fish ( Anabas testudineus Bloch). The method used in this study was descriptive quantitative. Starting from the preparation of tools and materials, the measurement of fish reproductive parameters including gonadal maturity level, gonadosomatic index and reproductive fecundity were observed morphologically and analyzed descriptively. The results of the study, reproductive performance, the maturity levels of the gonads ranged from TKG II, TKG III and TKG IV. The gonadosomatic index ranged from 0.995-11.147%. are within the range of IKG values ​​of climbing perch fish. Fecundity in sample A ranged from 10,098-39,303 eggs with an average of 24,816 eggs and a gonad weight of 2.97g. Sample B ranged from 14,800-62,381 eggs with an average of 34,767 eggs with a gonad weight of 4.47g. Keywords: Reproduction, Climbing perch, gonads, fecundity. DOI: 10.7176/JNSR/14-4-03 Publication date: February 28 th 2023

Energy from Salinity Gradient of Wetland Saline Water Using Reverse Electrodialysis Membrane

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) membrane is an emerging renewable energy which harvest electricity from mixing two streams on different salinities. In real practice is still not clearly defined for the effectiveness of salinity gradient power (SGP)-RED due to the limitation of artificial saline water. Generally, South Kalimantan Indonesia is rich by wetland and coastal area. Due to that wetland saline water is potential as saline water sources for collection the SGP. This experiment aims to investigate the impact of natural feed stream wetland saline water was collected from Muara Halayung South Kalimantan-Indonesia to demineralized (WSW),artificial brackish (ABW) (0.35 wt %NaCl), and artificial seawater (ASW) (3.5 wt % NaCl) in terms of power density measured on a lab-scale RED membrane stack prototype 12 x 12 cm. Ion exchange membrane (IEM) was used in this work consisted from cellulose modified Anion Exchange Membrane (AEM) by EDTA-quaternization (EDC) process. Whereas, Cation Exchange Membrane (CEM) was employing Nafion NR-212 with thickness 0.002 in. Lab-scale RED tests operated 3 hours into area system has 121cm2; AEM and CEM area have 100cm2; uses spacer nylon a pair between membranes; and two electrodes by stainless-steal and copper. Feed water was into RED system then measured power density as an electrical energy potential that from separate ions by AEM and CEM. The result among of this experiment, characteristic of wetland saline water naturally had electro conductivity (EC) 135.6 µS/cm; TOM 15.2 ppm; and has ionic compound higher in Na+ and Cl- which is Cl- compound as one of potentially formed salinity on that wetland water and become potential uses one of natural feed water in RED system. The highest energy power density on RED process obtained by mixed WSW:ASW was 1.43 W/m2. While ratio of the gradient salinity WSW:ABW to ABW:ASW were increasing 86% which has 1:5 to 1:30 as the effect of stream mixing by two natural feed water.

The Effect of Islamic Leadership, Organizational Culture, and Self-Efficacy on Lecturer Performance Mediated Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) at Islamic Religious Colleges in West Kalimantan Indonesia

Purpose – Building performance is one of the fundamental goals of every tertiary institution. The lecturer profession is increasingly competitive, and the difficulty in raising the competence of lecturers who are partly in the Islamic boarding school environment determines whether Islamic tertiary institutions survive. This study examines the influence of Islamic Leadership, organizational culture, and self-efficacy on lecturer performance mediated by Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB).
 Design/methods/approach – This research was conducted on 202 lecturers at an Islamic religious university in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. This type of correlational research with survey techniques using the SmartPLS 3.3.7 application.
 Findings – From the results of the study, it was found that there was a significant influence of Islamic Leadership on OCB; there is a significant influence of organizational culture on OCB; there is a significant effect of self-efficacy on OCB; there is no significant effect of Islamic Leadership on performance; there is no significant effect of organizational culture on performance; there is a significant effect of self-efficacy on performance; there is a significant effect of OCB on performance; and there is a significant effect of Islamic Leadership, organizational culture, and self-efficacy on OCB-mediated performance. This study contributes to a new paradigm of lecturer performance: OCB as the dominant variable construct that mediates civic virtue and altruism values.
 Research implications/limitations – This study emphasizes that improving lecturer performance is not enough with spiritual leadership, organizational culture, and self-efficacy but assisted by organizational citizenship behavior (OCB).
 Practical implications – This study shows a relationship between Islamic leadership, organizational culture, self-efficacy, and OCB variables on lecturer performance and gives the importance of strengthening OCB to improve lecturer performance.