Kagzi Lime Research Articles

Influence of Gibberellic acid (GA3) on seed germination and seedling growth of Kagzi Lime

A study was conducted to estimate the influence of gibberellic acid (GA3) at different concentrations in different time intervals on seed germination and seedling growth of kagzi lime. The results revealed that Maximum germination percentage (95%) was recorded under treatment with GA3 80 ppm for 12 hours, rate of germination of seeds (25 days), height of plant (18.79 cm) at 120 DAS, number of leaves per plant (26.53), fresh and dry weight of shoot (25.84 g and 14.44 g), tap root (17.44 cm), secondary and fibrous roots (5.98 and 85.99), fresh as well as dry weight (7.04 and 4.95 g), survival percentage (85 percent) in similar treatment. Therefore, it may be concluded that the GA3 at 80 ppm has a significant effect on the seed germination and seedling growth of Kagzi Lime and can be recommended to the grower for obtaining better growth and yield.

Diversity studies in kagzi lime (Citrus aurantifolia swingle) strains of latur District, Maharashtra

Diversity studies in kagzi lime (<i>Citrus aurantifolia</i> swingle) strains of latur District, Maharashtra

Knowledge of recommended lime cultivation practices

Fruit growing or pomology is of special value in the industrialization of a country and it serves as the mother of many industries because it is as old as human civilization itself. Fruits are man’s oldest food and are the chief source of vitamins, minerals and proteins which are necessary to maintain proper health and acquire resistance to diseases. Kagzi lime ( Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) is cultivated extensively on commercial scale and is more popular than lemon. The present investigation was conducted in Vijayapura and Kalaburagi district of Northern Karnataka in the year 2013-14. A sample size of 140 respondents who have minimum one acre of lime orchard and who have at least five years and above old orchard were selected randomly. The data were collected through personal interview method with the help of structured interview schedule. indicated that majority of the lime growers had correct knowledge of recommended varieties, suitable soil, plant spacing, ideal size of pit, fertilizer application and irrigation method, majority (53.58 %) of lime growers had medium knowledge level followed by high (30.71 %) and low (15.71 %) level of knowledge.

English

English

Management of citrus canker in Kagzi lime under nursery condition using Biorationals

Management of citrus canker in Kagzi lime under nursery condition using Biorationals

Efficacy of some insecticides against citrus psylla,Diaphorina citriKuwayama on kagzi lime

Among the treatments, imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 3.0 ml/10 litres water was most effective with minimum population of D. citri at 1, 3, 7 and 10 days after sprays, followed by diafenthiuron 50 Ec @ 4.0 ml/10 litre water and thiamethoxam 25 WdG @ 3.20 g/10 litres water.

Biological and serological techniques for detection of Citrus tristeza virus affecting Citrus species of Assam, India

Infection of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) in Assam was detected by double antibody sandwich-enzyme-linked immuno-sorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). Field surveys were carried out in 8 citrus growing districts of Assam (Tinsukia, Lakhimpur, Jorhat, Kokrajhar, North Cachar Hills, Karbi Anglong, Golaghat and Kamrup). Altogether, 411 samples were collected from three different citrus species, viz., Assam lemon (Citrus limon), Gul nemu (Citrus jambhiri) and Khasi mandarin (Citrus reticulata) to test against CTV. Results of biological indexing showed Kagzi lime (Citrus aurantifolia) to be the better indicator plant (symptom expression 60%) than Assam lemon (symptom expression 30%). The symptom expression on the indicator host was observed from 5th to 9th week after inoculation. The inoculated plants again tested after 9th week using DAS-ELISA assay. The results revealed that percentage of positive plants were 90% in Kagzi lime followed by Assam lemon (80%). This indicated that even the symptomless plants after inoculation give the positive reactions in DAS- ELISA assay. 261 samples were found to be infected using ELISA with polyclonal antisera to CTV. The species Assam lemon (C. limon) were found to be susceptible to CTV with estimated disease incidence up to 76.47% followed by Khasi mandarin (C. reticulata; 61.18%) and Gul nemu (C. jambhiri; 52.03%). Different age groups ( 15 years) of the citrus trees indicated that prevalence of CTV was more in older plants. Key words: ELISA, Citrus tristeza virus (CTV), Assam lemon, Khasi mandarin, Gul nemu.

Evidence for resistance to Citrus tristeza virus in pomelo (Citrus maxima Merr.) grown in Darjeeling and Sikkim hills of India

Darjeeling and Sikkim hills of India are well known for production of mandarin orange (Citrus reticulata). The recent spread of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) has threatened the citrus cultivation in this region. During a survey in Darjeeling and Sikkim hills, pomelo trees were recorded as CTV free. Since pomelo trees did not show any disease appearance, a study was undertaken to ascertain whether they are resistant to CTV infection or resistant to aphid feeding or both. Toxoptera citricida, the most efficient aphid vector and which is abundantly present in this region, did not feed on pomelo when other Citrus species such as mandarin, kagzi lime and rough lemon were available. Additionally, CTV isolates of Darjeeling and Sikkim hills were not transmissible to pomelo either by T. citricida or grafting. We report for the first time that pomelo is resistant to isolates of CTV present in this region.

Evidence of Recombinant Citrus tristeza virus Isolate Occurring in Acid Lime cv. Pant Lemon Orchard in Uttarakhand Terai Region of Northern Himalaya in India

The present study for the first time describes biological and molecular characterization of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) occurring in the Terai area of Uttarakhand State in Northern Himalaya region of India. Direct antigen coated-ELISA and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) detected the CTV infection in Acid lime cv. Pant lemon (Citrus aurantifolia) orchards of Pantnagar with an estimated disease incidence of 16.6-20.5%. To know the biological and genetic properties, an isolate, CTV Pant 4 was characterized. Isolate Pant 4 could be graft transmitted to Kinnow, Nagpur and Darjeeling mandarins, Mosambi sweet orange, Kagzi lime, Sweet lime, Sour orange but not to Rough lemon. The sequence analyses of the 5'ORF1a (3038nucleotides) of LPro domain and 3'end (2058nt) covering ORF7-ORF10 regions of the CTV genome revealed that Pant 4 was closely related to the previously reported Indian CTV isolate, Kpg3 from Northeastern Himalaya region with 97 and 98% sequence identity, respectively. Whereas, it differed from the previously reported CTV isolate B165 from Southern India with 79 and 92% identity, respectively for 5'ORF1a and 3' end regions. Recombination and SplitsTree decomposition analyses indicated that CTV isolate Pant 4 was a recombinant isolate originating from Kpg3 as a major and B165 as a minor donor.

Intra-farm diversity and evidence of genetic recombination of Citrus tristeza virus in Delhi region of India

Infection of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV) in different citrus orchards of New Delhi was detected by direct antigen coated-ELISA and RT-PCR. Sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) orchards were found to be susceptible to CTV with estimated disease incidence up to 39%. Kagzi kalan (C. lemon), Pumello (C. paradisi) and Kinnow mandarin (C. reticulata) orchards did not show CTV infection. Three CTV isolates, D1, D7 and D15 randomly selected from infected sweet orange orchards were considered for biological and molecular characterization. In the host range study, all the Delhi isolates infected Darjeeling mandarin (C. reticulata), Kagzi lime (C. aurantifolia), sour orange (C. aurantium) and sweet orange but not Kinnow mandarin. A fragment of 5′ORF1a and complete coat protein (CP) gene of these three isolates were cloned, sequenced and compared with other Indian and international CTV isolates. Delhi isolates shared 85–92% sequence identity for 5′ORF1a fragment and 89–91% for CP gene among them. Phylogenetic analysis segregated three Delhi isolates into three genogroups for each of 5′ORF1a fragment and CP gene, however phylogenetic relationships for both the genomic regions was incongruent. Recombination detecting program RDP3 detected CTV isolate D7 as recombinant, indicating genetic variability in CTV isolates might be the outcome of recombination events between divergent CTV sequences. An attempt was made in present study to characterize CTV isolates biologically and at genetic level, and to determine genetic diversity at farm level and study the recombination of CTV isolates in Delhi region.

Effect of skin coatings on prolonging shelf life of kagzi lime fruits (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle)

An experiment was conducted to assess the influence of chemical and oil coatings on storage life of kagzi lime fruits. Fruits were harvested at physiological light green mature stage and treated with different concentrations of chemicals viz., Cacl2 and KMnO4 and edible coatings viz., (coconut oil, mustard oil, sesamum oil, castor oil and liquid paraffin wax). After treatment, fruits were kept at ambient condition (25-30°C, 60-70% RH) till 18days and analyzed for various physical and chemical parameters like PLW, marketable fruits retained, TSS, acidity, ascorbic acid, juice content and also organoleptic values. The results revealed that edible oil emulsion coating particularly coconut oil had significantly (p ≤ 0.05) effect on reduction of the physiological loss in weight (9.67%) and maximum marketable fruits retained (70%), total soluble solids (8.43%), ascorbic acid (49.93mg/100ml juice), acidity (1.52%) and juice content (42.34%) of fruits. Similarly, application of this oil emulsion coating acceptable for sensory quality parameters such as appearance, flavour, taste, external colour and no incidence of moulds & their growth up to 18days of storage.

Effect of Post Harvest Treatment on Biochemical Composition and Organoleptic Quality in Kagzi Lime Fruit during Storage

The present investigation was carried out to test the efficacy of various post harvest treatments using gamma irradiation, growth retardants and coatings on quality and sensory parameters of Kagzi lime under ambient conditions. Among various treatments, pure coconut oil coating was very effective as higher TSS, acidity, vitamin C, juice content, flavour, appearance and taste were retained during storage. Pure coconut oil coated fruits maintained natural light-green colour upto 24 days of storage, which was acceptable to consumers.

Ethylene- and Acetylene-Induced Degreening on the Composition of Kagzi Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) Peel Oil

The peel oil from mature (dark green), ripe (full yellow) and degreened ‘kagzi’ lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) fruit was analyzed by capillary gas chromatography for the aroma composition. Degreening did not affect the peel oil content to any great extent. However, it affected the oil composition. The relative amounts of the major compounds—namely limonene, β-pinene and γ-terpinene—were found to be very similar to those of dark green and degreened fruits. The carbonyl compounds, n-decanal, neral and geranial, in degreened fruits showed proximity with that of ripe fruit.

Profiles of Essential Oils of Peel and Leaf of a New Citrus Hybrid, Citrus latifolia Tanaka x Citrus aurantifolia Swingle

The essential oil profiles of peel and leaf oils of a new Citrus hybrid and its parents, the triploid seedless lime and the diploid Kagzi lime, were established after resolving the oil using capillary GC. The chemical composition of hybrid oil was discussed in comparison with that of its parents. The analytical properties of hybrid peel oil were found to be influenced by both parents. The hybrid leaf oil was found to be rich in the organoleptically important neral and geranial.

Changes in the Peel Oil Composition of Kagzi Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) during Ripening

The peel oil of Kagzi lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) was isolated by hydrodistillation at six ripening stages and analyzed by GC. Nineteen components were identified and some important aroma components were observed at higher concentrations than normally reported such as neral and geranial (7.8%), geraniol (7.3%) and citronellol (1.2%), particularly in green fruits. A decrease in oxygenated monoterpenes and an increase in monoterpene hydrocarbons was observed during ripening. The peel of mature green lime fruits was found rich in organoleptically important oxygenated constituents (29.7%).

Evaluation of citrus germplasm for resistance to the oriental red mite,Eutetranychus orientalis(Klein) under tropical humid South Indian conditions

Abstract Field evaluation of citrus germplasm for the incidence of oriental red mite E. orientalis under tropical humid conditions in South India, revealed that the significantly highest mean mite numbers, 7.6 per leaf, were recorded on hybrid Carrizo Citrange while the variety Kagzi Lime was completely free from mites. Mandarin varieties Coorg Mandarin (0.12) Sylhet Mandarin (0.15) and Mandarin Wilking (0.17), sweet orange varieties Bibile Seedless (0.05), Longsport Valencia (0.1) and Valencia Chapman (0.15), Acid group varieties Italian Lemon (0.075), Mahalung (0.05), Sweet Lime (0.07) and Seedless Lime (0.1) can be used in citrus breeding programmes for mite resistance as these varieties recorded significantly least mean mite number per leaf.