Kafer El-Sheikh Research Articles

Prevalence and Bacterial Isolation Causing Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Egyptian Dairy Cow in Kafer El-Sheikh, Egypt

Prevalence and Bacterial Isolation Causing Clinical and Subclinical Mastitis in Egyptian Dairy Cow in Kafer El-Sheikh, Egypt

Molecular Characterization of Vibrio Spp Isolated from Fresh Water Fish in Kafer Elsheikh Government

The most important threatening disease problem facing freshwater aquaculture is Vibriosis that cause water-borne diseases and foodborne gastroenteritis resulted from ingesting of uncooked or undercooked fish products. Also, it is one of the most zoonotic disease which transmitted to human from fish and another aquaculture. This study aimed to isolate different vibrio species from freshwater fish. Microbiological identification of Vibrio species were made using colonial morphology, biochemical characteristics and Identification system for Gram negative bacteria (GN 24) (Diagnostic sro kits) from total of 100 clinically diseased fish samples (Oreochromis niloticus) were collected alive from two various fish farms ( each 50 fish from one farm) from Kafrelsheik Governorate., the prevalence of Vibrio species were noticed in samples tilabia (23/100) 23% which V. parahaemolyticus was found in 6/100 (6%) and V. alginolyticus was detected in 16/100 (16%) and in V. cholera 1/100 (1%), Also we used PCR using 16S rRNA gene-specific for the genus Vibrio , detection of virulence and antibacterial resistance associated genes in v. parahaemolyticus and V. alginolyticus which the most pathogenic vibrio species .The present study also focused on the emergence of Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index with the aim of developing strategies to mitigate the potential for infection and ensure effective treatment in the near future.

Evaluation of the Efficacy of Mycorrhizal and Potassium-Humate on Some Physiological and Agronomical Characters of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum) under Saline Soil Conditions

Salinity stress is an ultimate challenge restricting wheat production worldwide. A field experiment was carried out during 2021/2022 and 2022/2023 winter growing seasons at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, under salt-affected soil (El-Hamrawy Farm) Kafer El-Sheikh, Governorate, Egypt, to evaluate four bread wheat cultivars, i.e. Misr1, Shandaweel1, Sakha95 and Gemmeiza11 under different biological-fertilization; (control, a mycorrhizal fungi and potassium-humate) using a split plot arrangement in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The main-plots were assigned to the four wheat cultivars and the biological-fertilizer treatments were assigned to the sub-plots. Results indicated that Misr1 cultivar gave the highest values for chlorophyll a (mg/l), chlorophyll b (mg/l), total chlorophyll (mg/l), proline content (mg/g fresh weight), carbohydrate content (%), protein content (%), relative water content (%), number of spikes/m2 and grain yield (ardab/fed), while Sakha95 cultivar recorded the highest values for flag leaf area (cm2), plant height at harvest (cm) and 1000-grain weight. Shandaweel1 recorded the highest values for spike length (cm), number of spikelets/spike and number of grains/spike. Gemmeiza11 cultivar recorded the lowest values for all wheat physiological and agronomical characters comparing with the other wheat cultivars. However, the results of biological-fertilization with (mycorrhizal-fungi, potassium-humate and control) were significantly influenced all the physiological and agronomical characters under this study. The highest values of the most characters were obtained with potassium-humate treatment, which led to increase grain yield/fed, compared to the lowest values which were occurred in control treatment (without biological fertilization).

The Effect of Shared Governance Educational Program for Head Nurses on Nurses' Organizational Commitment

Background: Shared governance requires collaborative leadership implemented on the principles of partnership, justice, responsibility and ownership. This actually accomplish many benefits to the organization and improve nurses' organizational commitment level. Aim: This study aimed to assess the effect of shared governance educational program for head nurses on nurses' organizational commitment. Research design: A quasi-experimental design was utilized in this study. Setting: The study was conducted at Kafer El Sheikh General Hospital. Subjects: Include all head nurses (60), and a simple random sample of (184) nurses, who were working at the previous setting. Tools: Three tools were used; (I) Shared Governance Knowledge Questionnaire, (II) Professional Shared Governance Questionnaire, and (III) Organizational Commitment Questionnaire. Results: The majority (89.7% and 66.8%) of studied nurses had high organizational commitment level at immediate post and follow up program phases, respectively. Conclusion: The educational program was successful and lead to improvement in head nurses' shared governance knowledge and level at immediate post and follow up program phases. In addition, there was a highly statistical significant positive correlation between head nurses' total shared governance knowledge and level and total nurses' organizational commitment level at immediate post program. Recommendations: Integrating the philosophy of shared governance into the values and mission of the organization through developing a set of policies that related to the principles and methods of its application. Maintaining a supportive work environment to promote nurses' organizational commitment.

Molecular epidemiology and genetic characterization of Theileria orientalis in cattle.

Theileria orientalis (T. orientalis) is a benign species of Theileria that is found all throughout the world, including Egypt. The purpose of this work was to determine the current status of T. orientalis infection in cattle, as well as to define T. orientalis genetic diversity using the major piroplasm surface protein (MPSP) genes. In 2020, blood samples from 500 asymptomatic cattle were collected, which live in four different governorates at northern Egypt and examined using PCR assay based on MPSP gene. Overall, 44 blood samples (8.8%, 44/500) were positive for T. orientalis, and the highest prevalence rate was observed in Kafer ElSheikh while it was relatively low in Gharbia governorate. Moreover, based on multivariable analysis, the risk of infection with T. orientalis infection was higher in mixed breed cattle and in animals of age group more than 3years compared to other. Additionally, absence of acaricide application, infestation with ticks, and communal grazing system were identified as potential risk factors for T. orientalis infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolates studied belonged to two MPSP genotypes, types 1 and 2. These findings reveal that the MPSP genotypes discovered in the present work displayed genetic variation that was linked to geographic area. Therefore, further research should be focused on developing an effective T. orientalis monitoring and preventive program.

Assessment of the sofosbuvir + daclatasvir (±) ribavirin treatment and the prognostic efficacy of interferon-gamma induced protein 10, macrophage inflammatory-1-beta, and C-reactive protein in Hepatitis C Egyptian patients' therapy outcome

Background: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the most important virus among the infectious agents as the cause of liver disease in Egypt. The aim of this work was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of the sofosbuvir + daclatasvir (±) ribavirin (SOF + DCV [±] RBV) regimens and to evaluate the association of interferon-gamma induced protein 10 (IP-10) and macrophage inflammatory-1-beta (MIP-1β) and C-reactive protein (CRP) with treatment responses as potential biomarkers for the prognosis of HCV in patients from Kafer EL-Sheikh Province, Egypt. Methods: HCV Patients were treated with a combined treatment of SOF plus DCV with or without RBV for 12 weeks. The biochemical, hematological parameters, HCV RNA load, IP-10, MIP-1β, and CRP were detected pre- and post-treatment. Results: Both SOF-based regimens improved the liver function, anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia especially after treatment with SOF, DCV, and RBV. Sustained virological response 12 was slightly higher in the group receiving (SOF and DCV) therapy (99.42%) when compared to (SOF, DCV, and RBV) therapy (98.44%). The most common adverse events were fatigue, headache, anorexia, rash, and nausea. Interestingly, higher levels of the IP-10, MIP-1β, or CRP were observed in the serum of patients with HCV before treatment, and their levels significantly decreased after the treatment of both regimens. Conclusions: Our study revealed that SOF-based regimens are efficacious in controlling the HCV load and IP-10, MIP-1β, or CRP have both bioprognostic efficacy and potential role in predicting treatment responses.

A Proposed EFL Electronic Program Based on a Ubiquitous Learning Environment for Developing Secondary Stage Students’ Listening Skills

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of using a proposed EFL electronic program based on ubiquitous learning environment to improve students’ listening. The participants of the study consisted of sixty (60) female students enrolled in the second year secondary stage; of Desouk AL-Azhar Institute for Girls in Kafer El-Sheikh. The study adopted the quasi-experimental research design. So, there were two groups: an experimental group (N=30) and a control one (N=30).To collect the data, the researcher used multiple instruments: a listening sub-skills checklist, a computer and internet skills questionnaire to choose the sample, and a pre post test of listening. The researcher taught both groups: the experimental group was taught through the proposed EFL electronic program based on ubiquitous learning environment designed by the researcher while the control group was taught through the traditional way of teaching. The results revealed that the proposed EFL electronic program based on a ubiquitous learning environment (ULE) had a positive effect on the development the students’ listening skills. This was proved through the higher mean scores that the experimental group obtained in the post- listening skills test. The effect size of the proposed EFL electronic was found to be high. The study recommends using the ubiquitous learning environment (ULE) as a technique in teaching EFL skills.

Saline-Sodic Soils Treated with Some Soil Amendments and Foliar Application with Compost Tea and Proline for Improvement Some Soil Properties and Yield-Water Productivity of Rice

The improvement of saline and sodic soils aims to reduce the dissolved salts in the soil solution. In this context, an integrated management approach is required, which not only improves its effectiveness in improving soil properties but also increases water productivity and yields.
 To mitigate the negative effects of soil salinity, improvement of soil properties and yield –water productivity of rice plant, a field trial was carried out at El-Hamoul region, Kafer El-Sheikh, Egypt, during the summer seasons of 2019 and 2020. The experiments were conducted in split plot design, with three replicates. The main plots were assigned to soil amendments (control, compost (C) 10.0 Mg ha-1, gypsum (G) 100% from gypsum requirement 13.512 Mg ha-1 and G+C).Sub main plots were assigned to foliar application (control (tap water), compost tea (50 L ha-1), proline (3.6 g ha-1), and combination of compost tea + proilne).
 Generally, results showed that the impacts of main plots were in the following order: compost + gypsum ˃ gypsum ˃ compost ˃ control in both growing seasons. Also, soil amendments had a significant effect on decreasing some soil chemical properties i.e. pH, EC, ESP and increasing of CEC compared control treatment. The treatment compost +gypsum more pronounced the other treatment on soil bulk density and total porosity. Soil basic infiltration rate (IR) and hydraulic conductivity (K) high significantly increased by application of compost, gypsum and gypsum + compost and recorded the highest value by application of compost + gypsum. Chlorophyll, proline content, 1000-grain weight, straw and grain yield of rice were significant increased and recorded the highest values due to the interaction between compost + gypsum and foliar of compost tea and proline during two growing seasons. Water productivity (WP) and productivity of irrigation water (PIW) for grain yield of rice were high significantly increased and recorded the highest values due to the interaction between soil amendments, compost tea and proline. Total return, net return, benefit cost ratio and total return from water unit for rice yield were significant increased with treatment and recorded highest values due the interaction compost + gypsum and foliar application of compost tea and proline.

Detection of Brucella organisms from Egyptian raw milk using cultural and molecular techniques

Aim: This study aimed to detect Brucella organisms in Egyptian raw milk using cultural and molecular techniques.Methods: Two hundred bulk milk samples were collected from 2 cities at El-Gharbia and Kafer El-Sheikh Governorates during the summer and winter seasons. All samples were examined by the traditional cultural method and real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). All positive isolates were identified by biochemical tests and serotyping using monospecific antisera also examined by multiplex PCR primers for more identification.Results: Samples collected in summer seasons from the two cities showed no colonies characteristic to Brucella organisms while in winter season five samples showed positive characteristic features of Brucella organisms after culturing on Brucella specific media. Using qRT-PCR, 43 samples (13 in summer and 30 in winter) were positive for Brucella organisms. All positive RT-PCR samples and isolated strains were examined for the detection of the virulence genes Ure, bvfA and virB using conventional PCR. Ure, bvfA and virB were detected in 88%, 79% and 74% of milk samples and 100%, 80% 100% of isolates, respectively.Conclusion: These results suggested that the use of the specific PCR assay is a rapid, reliable, and accurate technique in comparison to traditional methods for the detection of Brucella species in milk samples.

Effect of Educational Program about Authentic Leadership and Mindfulness Factors on Head Nurses Practice Self – Evaluation

Authentic leadership is an emerging perspective in the field of leadership focuses on leaders values and beliefs . Components of authentic leadership were self-awareness, balanced processing, relational transparency, and an internalized moral perspective. Mindfulness perspective permits head nurses to be fully present, aware of themselves and their impact on other people, and aware of their reactions in stressful situations. Mindfulness include five factors; observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experiences and non-reactivity to inner experiences. Authentic leadership and their mindfulness if combined together create head nurses that have clearer, extra focused thinking, and growth mindset that help subordinates improve and grow . So , the aim of present study is to determine the effect of educational program about authentic leadership and mindfulness factors on head nurses practice self – evaluation. Study was conducted at two hospitals affiliated to Ministry of Health namely Elmenshawy General Hospital and Kafer El sheikh General Hospital. All (70) head nurses working at different clinical departments. Three tools were used including head nurses self-evaluation for authentic leadership, head nurses self evaluation for mindfulness factors and structured questionnaire to assess head nurse knowledge. The result of present study revealed that preprogram half (50%) of head nurses had high level of total authentic leadership, improved statistically significant immediate post program to be ( 65.7% ). Preprogram low percent 8.6% of head nurse had high level of total mindfulness level improved to be 98.6% immediately post program. Preprogram no one had good level of total knowledge, changed to be all and 98.6% of head nurses got good level respectivelyimmediate and three months post program. Recommendation : Authentic leadership and mindfulness educational training programs should be provided periodically for head nurses to keep them updating their essentials knowledge and practis regarding authentic leadership and mindfulness

Results of probing guided with soft cannula in children with nasolacrimal duct obstruction

Objectives To compare between the successes of probing using soft cannula (a 22 G) versus conventional probing in children with congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Background Congenital obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct is a common problem in the early years of life. Obstruction can occur in 6–20% of neonates. The usual cause is failure of canalization of the epithelial cells that form the nasolacrimal duct as it enters the valve of Hasner. Patients and methods This prospective, randomized study was conducted on 36 children (48 eyes) having congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction presented to the outpatient clinic of Menoufia University Hospital and Kafer El-Sheikh Ophthalmology Center from November 2016 to July 2018. The children were divided into two groups: group A, 18 children (24 eyes) operated by conventional probing and group B, 18 children (24 eyes) operated by probing using soft cannula. The patients were monitored for 6 months postoperatively. Results Clinically successful results were achieved in 20 eyes (83.4%) for conventional probing group and 19 eyes (79.2%) for soft cannula group. No significant complication occurred intraoperatively or postoperatively. Conclusion Soft cannula probing is an effective and simple method with no significant complication for the treatment of congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction. This method allows probing in a more controlled way. However, there was no statistical difference between it and conventional probing.

Physical Abuse among Primary School Children

Background: Physical abuse among primary school children has been recognized as a major health problem all over the world, it results in actual or potential harm to the child's health, survival, development or dignity in the context of a relationship of responsibility, trust or power. Aim: to assess child physical abuse among primary school children. Design: Descriptive study was conducted for the study. Subjects: childrenage from 10 to 12 years oldfrom bothgenders, so 297 child representing 16% of all children enrolled in the 4th, 5th, and 6th educational grade. Setting: multistage random sample was chosen from three primary schools from Balteem city at Kafer El Sheikh governorate. Tools: two tools were used for data collection. Firsttool: part (1): child socio demographic data, child's family socio-demographic and socioeconomic data, medical history of the child. Part (2): primary school children knowledge about physical abuse. Part (3): The predisposing risk factors leading to physical abuse among primary school children. Part (4): Primary school children behaviors related to physical abuse. Part (5): Assessment of primary school children according to their exposure to physical abuse. Part (6): Health consequences of physical abuse among primary school children. Second tool: Observational checklist for primary school children.Results: Majority of the child were exposed to physical abuse. Fractures, &lose of appetite/anorexia and stretching in the face were presenting physical consequences among the PSC. Psychological consequences included continuous anxiety, tension, vandalism and bed wetting. Child physical abuse was negatively correlated with mothers, fathers' education and sufficient family income/monthly need, positive physical health consequences and positive scholar achievement. Except illiterate and negative physical health consequences and scholar achievement which were positively correlated with physical abuse. Recommendations: Further research studies should be undertaken to investigate the physical abuse confounding factors among school students to tailor and implement adequate preventive programs.

Response of some Bread Wheat Genotypes to Less Irrigation Water

This study was performed at Sakha Agricultural Research Station, Kafer El-Sheikh, Egypt, in 2014/2015 and 2015/2016 seasons under normal (five irrigation) and reduced irrigation (only one irrigation after planting one) regimes. Eighteen bread wheat genotypes were used to study the agronomic and morpho-physiological characters and tolerance indices to distinguish wheat high yielding genotypes under reduced irrigation. The used genotypes were evaluated using randomized complete block design. The results revealed that reduced irrigation caused noticeable reduction in earliness, yield and yield components, harvest index and morpho-physiological in both growing seasons except 1000 kernels weight. Lines 3, 4 and 5 were the earliest ones for earliness characters and could be used in breeding program for earliness. It is obvious that lines 1 and 9 recorded the maximum values for most studied characters, especially, grain yield. Lines 1, 4, 6, 9, 10 and cultivar Misr 1, Giza 171 and shandweel1 had the highest relative water content and rate of water loss in both seasons. Also, Line 1 and Line 9 recorded the highest values for water use efficiency. Based on drought tolerance indices of mean productivity, geometric mean of productivity, stress tolerance index, yield index, harmonic mean and modified stress tolerance index, Line 1 and Line 9 were identified as suitable genotypes under well-watered and water deficit conditions. Misr 1, Misr 2, Giza 171, Lines 2, 6, 8, 10, 11, 12 and 13 were moderate for drought tolerance index and the others wheat genotypes were sensitive for water deficit.

Effect of Irrigation and Furrow Width on Sugar Beet and Faba Bean Productivity under Intercropping Patterns and some Water Relations in Clay Soil

In intercropping system, the utilization of different nutrients and water is an effective, as well as the risk of failure of cultivated crops is lessened. Field experiments were conducted at Sakha Experimental Farm Kafer EL-Sheikh Governorate, Egypt during two successive growing seasons 2017/18 and 2018/19 to investigate the effect of intercropping faba bean (CV. Giza 843) with sugar beet (CV. Geloria) grown under water stress and furrow width treatments on growth, yields, quality and some water relations for both crops .Split-plot design was used in the current investigation, the main plots contained three levels of water stress (two, three and four irrigations through the whole growing season in addition sowing irrigation for all treatment),while the sub –plots contained three furrow width(60, 90and 120cm) for faba bean. Sugar beet seeds were sown on the two sides and faba bean seeds were sown on upper ridge at furrow width 120 cm (C). The highest values for growth traits, yields for sugar beet and faba bean intercropping, applied and consumed water were obtained when plants were irrigated four irrigations (I3) and the furrow width 120 cm, but it was recorded the lowest values of water efficiencies. A significant interaction effect was found between the two factors of irrigation and furrow width on most of studied traits. The highest Land Equivalent Ratios (LER; 1.54 and 1.52) and the highest total income (15399.95 and 15030.45 L.E.) were obtained irrigation treatment (I3) and furrow width 120 cm.

Promotion of growth, yield and fiber quality attributes of Egyptian cotton by bacillus strains in combination with mineral fertilizers

Implementation of proper management practices using biological approaches is important to maintain soil quality and cotton yield in sandy desert soils of Egypt. This experiment was conducted at the Agriculture Experimental farm, Kafer El-Sheikh governorate, Cotton Research Institute of Egypt during 2016–2017 seasons to study the effect of inoculation with bacterial strains of Bacillus circulance (BC) and Bacillus megatherium (BM) and their co-inoculation in combinations with 50% and 100% of recommended dose fertilization (RDF) on growth, yield, and fiber properties of Egyptian cotton Giza-94. Results showed that all important morphological attributes of cotton such as plant growth, number of fruit sympodial branches, number of bolls per plant, boll weight, lint cotton yield and fiber properties significantly increased with the increase rate of RDF, and inoculation of cotton seeds with the bacterial strains exerted additive effects. The highest increase of cotton yield was observed at the combined use of bacterial strains BC + BM with 50% RDF followed by BC + BM with 100% RDF treatment which attributed on the cotton yield increase by 33% and 15% compared to the respective control. The application of Bacillus strains as a biofertilizer could be an alternative option to reduce considerable amounts of chemical fertilizers input by enhancing nutrient use efficiency (NUE) and, thereby, improves cotton productivity.

Effect of Inoculation with Cyanobacterial Strains and Nitrogen Fertilization on Yield and Component of Rice Plant

The nitrogen fixed by blue-green algae could supply rice plants with their needs of nitrogen. Cyanobacteria can fix atmospheric nitrogen in submerged rice fields. A field experiment was carried out at Rice Research and Training Center, Sakha Research Station, Agricultural Research Center ( ARC ) Kafer EL-Sheikh, Egypt during the summer season 2016 to investigate the effect of biofertilizers as inoculants (Anabaena oryzae D and Nostoc muscorum K) . The both cyanobacterial strains were selected according to the amount of indole acetic acid and nitrogenase activities. The results indicated that highly significant increase in plant height, panicle length, number of tillers/plant, number of panicles/plant, biomass and grain yield t/ha. On the other hand , there were no significant for 1000 grain weight and harvest index. The cyanobacteria have been saved the inorganic nitrogen application by 20-25% compare with recommended nitrogen application.

Evaluation of Capillary Network Abnormalities in Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

Objectives: Is to detect the vascular morphological changes in the two intra retinal; layers superficial network layer and deep network layer by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in cases with acute onset branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Study Design: An observational cross-sectional study in new Kafer El-Sheikh Ophthalmology Hospital. Population: This study included ten patients with (BRVO) of recent onset within the last three months. Methods: Demographic data such as age, gender, sex and hypertensive history were obtained. A detailed evaluation of cases including complete anterior segment evaluation and posterior segment evaluation was done. OCT-A and fluorescein angiography (FA) were used to study the vascular morphological changes in the (BRVO) area. Results: As regarding 5 disc area of retinal ischemia FA detected ischemia in 2 cases (20%), detected no ischemia in one case (10%) and was not able to evaluate ischemia in 7 cases (70%) compared to OCT-A, that detected the ischemia in the superficial capillary plexus (SCP)in 4 cases (40%), and detected no ischemia in 6 cases (60%), but it detected the ischemia in the deep capillary plexus (DCP) in 6 cases (60%) and detected no ischemia in 4 cases (40%). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that OCT-A was superior to FA in detection of macular ischemia in cases with acute onset branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO), macular ischemia detected in the DCP by OCT- A had stronger negative relation with V.A. than that of SCP. By OCT-A macular edema (ME) was present mainly in the DCP compared to SCP.

Survey and Population Density of Thrips, Frankliniella Occidentalis (Pergande) Infesting Some Vegetables Plant Flowers

Field trial was conducted during two successive seasons on 2015 and 2016 in Qalubiya and Kafer El Sheikh Governorates. This study aims to survey of WFT Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) infesting flowers of some vegetables flowers, effect of population density of WFT F. occidentalis infesting flowers on some different vegetables and effect of some ecological factors on population density of WFT F. occidentalis infesting flowers of some different of vegetables. The survey showed that thrips F. occidentalis recorded on nine important flowers of vegetables. Eggplant flowers and pepper flowers were the most superior flowers vegetable in high infestation during two successive seasons 2016&2017 at the two locations. The general weekly mean number of the F. occidentaliswas higher abundant at Kafr El Sheikh Governorate than these recorded in Qalubiya Governorate throughout two successive seasons 2016 and 2017 at vegetable crops. Maximum, Minimum temperature and the relative humidity were showed insignificant negative effect during the two successive seasons 2016&2017 at vegetables crops.

An Analtical Study of Farmers' Behavior Regarding the Recycling of Agricultural Plant and Animal Wastes at some Districts in Kafer Elsheikh Governorate. دراسة تحلیلیة لمکونات سلوک الزراع الخاص بتدویر المخلفات الزراعیة النباتیة و الحیوانیة ببعض مراکز محافظة کفر الشیخ.

استهدفت الدراسة الحالية بصفة أساسية تحليل سلوک الزراع المبحوثين في مجال تدوير المخلفات الزراعية النباتية والحيوانية ببعض مراکز محافظة کفر الشيخ و ذلک من خلال الأهداف الفرعية التالية: 1– التعرف على الوضع الراهن لإستخدام المخلفات الزراعية بمنطقة البحث. 2– التعرف على مکونات سلوک الزراع الخاص بتدوير المخلفات الزراعية بمنطقة البحث. وقد تم إجراء الدراسة الحالية بمحافظة کفر الشيخ، حيث تم إختيار ثلاثة مراکز إدارية من مراکز المحافظة لإجراء الدراسة الميدانية هي مراکز کفر الشيخ والحامول وبيلا.وقد تم اختيار عينة عشوائية بسيطة من المزارعين من القرى المختارة بمراکز الدراسة بلغ عددها (90) مزارع. وقد تم جمع البيانات الميدانية خلال الفترة من أوائل شهر يونيو 2016 وانتهت فى شهر نوفمبر 2016 وذلک باستخدام أسلوب الاستبيان بالمقابلة الشخصية للمبحوثين. وقد إستخدام النسب المئوية، والتکرارات، والمتوسط الحسابى، والمتوسط المرجح، والوزن النسبى وذلک لوصف المتغيرات البحثية واستخلاص النتائج الخاصة بالدراسة الميدانية. وقد توصلت الدراسة إلي عدد من النتائج لعل أهمها:* تنوع المخلفات الزراعية والحيوانية الناتجة عن النشاط الزراعي بمنطقة الدراسة مع عدم إستغلالها بالشکل الأمثل الذي يعود بالنفع علي المزارعين والإقتصاد القومي من ناحية وعلي البيئة من ناحية أخري.* إرتفاع المستويات المعرفية والتنفيذية للزراع المبحوثين في مجال تدوير المخلفات الزراعية، مقارنة بإتجاهاتهم نحو تدوير المخلفات الزراعية التي تميل لأن تکون محايدة.* المستوي المتوسط لسلوک الزراع المبحوثين بصفة عامة في مجال تدوير المخلفات الزراعية.* عدم وجود فروق معنوية بين زراع المراکز الثلاثة في کل من المعارف والممارسات الخاصة بتدوير المخلفات الزراعية، في حين توجد فروق بين زراع المراکز الثلاثة في الإتجاهات نحو تدوير المخلفات الزراعية.

Epidemiology and Biochemical Effects of Brucellosis in Kafer-El Sheikh and Qualyobia Cow's Farms

Epidemiology and Biochemical Effects of Brucellosis in Kafer-El Sheikh and Qualyobia Cow's Farms