Kaduna State University Research Articles

Phytoextraction of Heavy Metals and Risk Associated with Vegetables Grown from Soil Irrigated with Refinery Wastewater

With increase in anthropogenic activities, Heavy metal pollution contamination of vegetables is inevitable as such become a course for concern due to food safety issues and potential health risk. This is aimed at evaluating the phytoextraction efficiency of some vegetables and potential health resulting from the consumption of vegetables that grown in agricultural soil irrigated with Refinery wastewater. Wastewater was collected from effluent point of Kaduna Refining and Petrochemical Company from October, 2016 to February, 2018. The wastewater was analyzed for the presence of heavy (Cd+2, Hg+2, Ag+2 and Pb+2, Cr+3) before use for irrigation. Soil samples were collected from a farm located in Rigasa, Igabi Local Governsment of Kaduna State. The soil samples were digested and analyse for heavy metal (Cd+2, Hg+2, Ag+2 and Pb+2, Cr+3) and physico-chemical parameter before and after the wastewater is used for irrigation and treatment process. The seeds of the vegetables were sow in the botanical garden of Biological Sciences Department of Kaduna State University. The sow seeds were constantly irrigated by a refinery wastewater for throughout the period of the research. After germination the plants were harvester and separated into root/rhiziome and shoot, the root/rhiziome and shoot are digested and heavy metals analysis is done using AAS. Bioconcentration factor, Biotranslocation factor, Daily intake of metal (DIM) and Health risk index (HRI) were calculated. The result obtained show The accumulation trend in the vegetable for Cd and Hg is Solanum melongena, Cucumis sativa, Phasaelus vulgaris, Spinacia Oleracea, Allium cepa, Lactuca sativa, Daucas carota, Lycopersican esculentum, Pipper nigrum. The result obtained also show high DIM and HRI value by all the vegetables that are above FAO/WHO recommended limit for the heavy metals. These researches thereby discourage the use of refinery wastewater in irrigation farming of vegetables. It also recommends the need to stop all vegetable farming activities within the bark of Romi stream since refinery wastewater is constantly been released into the stream.

Predicting Students’ First-Year Academic Performance Using Entry Requirements for Faculty of Science in Kaduna State University, Kaduna – Nigeria

The study aimed to determine if any of the entry requirements such as Ordinary Level (OL) results, Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME) scores or Post-UTME (PUTME) scores could predict an outstanding academic performance of first-year undergraduate students admitted into the Faculty of Science in the Kaduna State University, Kaduna. The study adopted the descriptive research design. A purposive sample of nine hundred and forty-three (943) first-year students constituted the population for the study were drawn from Computer Science, Mathematics and Physics undergraduate degree programmes from the Faculty of Science of the university who were admitted from the 2010/2011 to 2014/2015 academic sessions. The instruments for data collection were OL, UTME and first-year Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) results, which were coded and analysed with the aid of Computational Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC) Coefficient and Multinomial Logistics Regression (MLR) were the statistics used to answer the four research questions used. The results revealed that with a weak correlation, OL is a good predictor on the CGPA, a dependent variable, for academic performance which holds true for students who are in the CGPA category of '1st class' and '2nd Class Lower' respectively. It concluded that the use of OL and UTME as instruments is not enough to select candidates for admission and therefore recommended that other instruments such as senior secondary school mock examinations need to be included as part of the entry requirements in the admission criteria.

EFFECT OF BUILDING ORIENTATION ON INDOOR MICROCLIMATE OF CLASSROOM BUILDINGS AT THE KADUNA STATE UNIVERSITY

Current studies have discussed the significance of building orientation to the building indoor micro-climate and highlighted the need for more empirical research in other to establish the best orientation for buildings. Other scholars have argued that the impact of building orientation is insignificant and varies from one climatic region to another. This study, therefore, examines two prototype classroom buildings at the Kafanchan campus of Kaduna State University –Nigeria. The main purpose of the study is to determine the effect of building orientation on the indoor micro-climatic performance of two classroom buildings. Three Hobo Weather Data Loggers (HWDL) were used to collect data in the selected case-studies, and the third one was used as a benchmark. The study showed a remarkable difference in the indoor microclimatic conditions of the two buildings. The air temperature in case-study (B) is 1oC to 2oC lower than that of case-study (A) in all the respective time intervals. Also, 2% to 4% relative humidity difference was observed in favour of case-study (B). In conclusion, case-study (B) has demonstrated a more favourable indoor micro-climatic performance than case-study (A), and future simulation studies towards understanding the indoor micro-climatic performances of all possible building orientation options such as North-East/South-West, North-West/South-East, North/South and East/West in other to ascertain the optimum option are recommended. Keywords: Buildings; Indoor Micro-climatic; Orientation; Performance

Treatment of unstable proximal femoral fractures using proximal femoral locked compression plates our experience

Introduction: Proximal femoral fractures account for about 10 to 34% of all hip fractures with bimodal age distribution and different mechanisms of injury. Older patients sustain low velocity trauma while in younger patients these fractures are from high energy trauma. Early surgical intervention is recommended for most of these patients to reduce the complications associated with prolonged immobilization. The locking compression plate is used for angular-stable plating for the treatment of complex comminuted and osteoporotic fractures. This type of internal stabilization may be the choice for subtrochanteric or transverse intertrochanteric fractures. Objective: The study aimed to report the outcome of management of unstable proximal femoral fractures which was managed using proximal femoral locked compression plate in our setting.Method: A retrospective study of all conservative patients managed at two centres in Nigeria. The Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Plateau State and the Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital, Kaduna State University Teaching Hospital Kaduna. A structured Proforma was used to retrieve information from the hospital records and operation notes of patients that where fixed with PF-LCP. Results: A total of 25 fractures in 25 patients where studied, 17 males and 8 females with a male female ratio of 2:1. The patient age ranged between 20 to 88 years. Road traffic accident was the commonest etiologic agent account for 73.9% of the cases and the remaining 26.1% was due to domestic falls at home. 43.8% of the patients presented 12 weeks after the injury, 25.0% of them between 4 to 12 weeks of injury and 31.2% presented within 4 weeks of the injury. The fractures were intertrochanteric in 16.0% of the patients and sub trochanteric in 84.0%. The average duration of union as evidenced by bridging callus in at least 3 cortices radiologically was 15.4weeks. 23 of the patients went on to unite without any complication one had implant failure (screw breakage) due to premature full bearing for which additional surgeries where done while another had an implant infection. Conclusion: Proximal locked compression plating for proximal femoral fractures is a useful alternative based on its anatomic design for proximal femoral fractures in which could be due to osteoporosis especially in elderly patients.

Factors Affecting New Graduate Entrepreneurial Intention: An Empirical Study of the Unemployed Graduates in Nigeria

The current research examined the effect of Startup capital, Educational system and Culture on entrepreneurial intention among fresh graduate in Nigeria. The data were collected from Graduates and undergraduate’s students in the University of Lagos, Kaduna State University, Abia State University, University of Calabar and Niger Delta University, 250 questionnaires were distributed and 180 responses were collected and analyzed. The findings confirmed the strong positive relationship between variables of the study. Startup Capital/Infrastructure, Education and Cultural Factor account for 58% of the variance in Entrepreneurial intention. The study hopes to help academicians and curriculum planners to be mindful of entrepreneurship when drafting and implementing curriculum to motivate student accumulate intentions to start a business.

Modelling brand loyalty in the Nigerian telecommunications industry

The study examined ‘Modelling brand loyalty in Nigerian telecommunication Industry’. It sought to ascertain the retention capacity of major and other telecommunication service firms in Nigeria using time varying Markov chain analysis The conclusive research design was adopted and the population of the study consisted of customers of MTN, Airtel, Globacom, 9Mobile, and other telecommunication service providers in Kaduna state university, Ambrose Ali University, University of Benin, University of Abuja, University of Lagos, University of Ilorin and University of Port-Harcourt (all in Nigeria) and some online respondents from 20 different organisations across the six geopolitical zones in Nigeria. Research data were elicited from the respondents with the help of questionnaire. Out of a total sample size of 7600 respondents that were served, 4736 (62.3%) completed and returned their questionnaires. The research findings showed that on the long run if the pattern of retention and losses continues in this manner, 21% of the GSM subscribers in Nigeria will be loyal to MTN, 27% to Airtel, 35% to Globacom, 16% to 9Mobile, and 1% to others.

Clausenidin suppresses the production of VEGF and inhibits angiogenesis of HepG2 cells

Event Abstract Back to Event Clausenidin suppresses the production of VEGF and inhibits angiogenesis of HepG2 cells Peter M. Waziri1*, Rasedee Abdullah2, Kartinee N. Kassim3 and Jaafar M. Sani4 1 Kaduna State University, Nigeria 2 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Putra Malaysia University, Malaysia 3 Faculty of Science, Putra Malaysia University, Malaysia 4 Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Background Metastasis of tumor cells is responsible for over 90% of cancer deaths globally. The production of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) promotes metastasis and immortality of cancer cells. Up till date, there is still no clinical drug that effectively prevents the production of VEGF in tumor cells. Clausena excavata Burm. f (local name: cherek hitam) is a shrub that is used locally for the treatment of cancer tumors in Malaysia and other countries of South East Asia. The current study evaluated the effect of clausenidin isolated from the chloroform extract of C. excavata on the production of VEGF in liver cancer (HepG2) cells. Methods The anti-angiogenic effect (production of VEGF) in the clausenidin-treated cells was monitored using Western blot assay and the anti-apoptotic effect of the pure compound was monitored using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Prior to Western blot analysis, the cells were treated with 5, 15, 30 and 40 µg/mL of clausenidin and in the TEM analysis, cells were treated with the IC50 (7.7 µg/mL) of clausenidin at 24, 48 and 72 h. Results The Western blot analysis showed that clausenidin treatment significantly reduced (p<0.05) the production of VEGF that causes metastasis of liver cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, we observed apoptosis to be one of the routes of cell death in the clausenidin-treated cells. The TEM analysis revealed margination and condensation of chromatin, nuclear fragmentation, formation of lipid droplets and convolution of nuclear outline (at all treatment points) which confirmed apoptosis of the clausenidin-treated HepG2 cells. Conclusion Clausenidin can be used as an anti-angiogenic and anti-apoptotic agent for the treatment of liver cancer. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Keywords: Clausenidin, VEGF, Apoptosis, Angiogenesis, Cancer Conference: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 3 Dec - 5 Feb, 2019. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Cancer Citation: Waziri PM, Abdullah R, Kassim KN and Sani JM (2019). Clausenidin suppresses the production of VEGF and inhibits angiogenesis of HepG2 cells. Front. Pharmacol. Conference Abstract: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”. doi: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00118 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 29 Nov 2018; Published Online: 17 Jan 2019. * Correspondence: Dr. Peter M Waziri, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria, petermwaziri@gmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Peter M Waziri Rasedee Abdullah Kartinee N Kassim Jaafar M Sani Google Peter M Waziri Rasedee Abdullah Kartinee N Kassim Jaafar M Sani Google Scholar Peter M Waziri Rasedee Abdullah Kartinee N Kassim Jaafar M Sani PubMed Peter M Waziri Rasedee Abdullah Kartinee N Kassim Jaafar M Sani Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Fear of future terrorism: Associated psychiatric burden.

The mental health burden from fear of future terrorism has not been given much research attention compared to the immediate mental distress such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Such neglected ongoing mental health morbidity associated with threats of terrorism had been described as pre-traumatic stress syndrome (PTSS). The study highlighted this phenomenon (PTSS) in Nigeria by examining the catastrophic burden of the fear of future terrorism and associated psychiatric burden among adult population in Kaduna city. Participants were students and staff of Kaduna State University (KASU), Kaduna Polytechnic, and students awaiting admission into Kaduna State University. They responded to the following instruments after obtaining their informed consents: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Terrorism Catastrophising Scale (TCS), and the depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD) portion of Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI). The TCS showed that 78.8% of the participants had from moderate to severe clinical distress on fear of terrorism. The TCS has a Cronbach's alpha of 0.721 and also had significant moderate correlation with depression (r=0.278; p<0.01) and GAD (r=0.201; p<0.01) scales of MINI. The study illustrated that the mental health burden from the fear of terrorism was high and this was relatively related to depression and GAD. This highlighted the need for ongoing monitoring and called for their effective prevention from the identified underlying cognitive mechanisms.

EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BITTER LEAF (VERNONIA AMYGDALINA) ON PHENYL-HYDRAZINE INDUCED KIDNEY DAMAGE IN ALBINO RAT.

23Nov 2016 EFFECT OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF BITTER LEAF (VERNONIA AMYGDALINA) ON PHENYL-HYDRAZINE INDUCED KIDNEY DAMAGE IN ALBINO RAT. L. L. Hamman , D. S. Amaza , J. V. Zirahei A. D. T. Goji H. Mari and F. Amali Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF PERSEA AMERICANA ON THE HISTOLOGY OF THE KIDNEY OF ALBINO RATS.

23Nov 2016 EFFECTS OF AQUEOUS EXTRACT OF PERSEA AMERICANA ON THE HISTOLOGY OF THE KIDNEY OF ALBINO RATS. D. S. Amaza , J. V. Zirahei , A. D. T. Goji , Helga B. Ishaya , H. Mari and N. Victoria. Department of Human Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Kaduna State University, Kaduna State, Nigeria. Department of Human Anatomy, College of Medical Sciences, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria.

Prevalence, perceptions, consequences, and determinants of induced abortion among students of the Kaduna State University, Northwestern Nigeria

Background: Induced abortion contributes significantly to maternal mortality in developing countries. Abortion has not been liberalized in Nigeria, and various studies have reported the high prevalence of unsafe abortion in countries where induced abortion has been restricted. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, perceptions, determinants, and consequences of induced abortion among the Kaduna State University students. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 540 undergraduate students of the University selectedby three faculties from the University main campus through the simple random sampling technique (balloting). Result: The mean age ofthe respondents was 21 ΁ 2 years. Some (14.4%) of the respondents affirmed that abortion should be legalized in every part of the world, while 32.4% believed that a pregnant woman should be free to make decision to have abortion. About 51.7% opined that people should not discriminate against women who chose to have abortion. The prevalence of premarital sex and induced abortion was 8.38% and 6.7%, respectively. There was a signifi cant relationship between the age, religion, faculty, and academic level of the respondents and the incidence of induced abortion (P Conclusion: This study shows that the respondents had varied perceptions about induced abortion, which influence its prevalence among this population. The demand for pregnant women to be free to make decision to have an abortion without being discriminated against is also high among the respondents. There is a need for improved sexual health education and availability of contraceptive services for the students in this University.

Impact Evaluation of the Information Management on the Decision-Making Effectiveness of Administrators in the Nigerian Universities

Impact Evaluation of the Information Management on the Decision-Making Effectiveness of Administrators in the Nigerian Universities Professor Ocheni Stephen Abstract Nigerian educational system is expanding at an unprecedented rate because it appears that the demand for appropriate, adequate and timely information for management decisions in educational institutions is challenging. Therefore, this study empirically evaluate the information management on the decision-making effectiveness of administrators in the Nigerian universities focusing on the extent to which information acquisition and information management capacity of administrators contributed to the effective decisionmaking in Nigerian Universities. The research design used for this study was a survey research design. This design enables only a sample population to be studied after which generalizations can be made for the whole population. The purposive sampling technique was used to select two universities in each of the six geopolitical zones of Nigeria. There were altogether 60 administrators in the 12 universities in the 6 geopolitical zones, that is, University of Nigeria Nsukka, University of Port Harcourt, University of Ibadan, University of Ilorin, ABU Zaria, Ebonyi State University, Delta State University and University of Lagos, Ogun State University, Kogi State University, Adamawa State University, Kaduna state University. Out of this targeted population, 24 (the first 2top administrators) were sampled using simple random method but 21 responded. Pearson correlation and regression is used to find the relationship of information acquisition and information management to administrators’ decision-making effectiveness. The findings revealed that information acquisition and information management capacities whether taken separately or jointly make significant contributions to both effective and efficient administration in Nigerian Universities. Hence, the study recommended modernization of information systems in these institutions with a view of improving information acquisition and information management capacities of the administrators. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/ppar.v3n1a8

Information Needs and Utilization of the Kaduna State University Library Resources by the Academic Staff

The study was conducted to assess the information needs and utilization of the Kaduna State University library resources by academic staff. The paper featured the introduction, literature review, methodology, sampling procedure, data analysis, conclusion and recommendations. Questionnaire was used as the main instrument for data collection for this research work.. A total of 148 questionaire were randomly administered to the respondents and 128 were filled and returned and found useful. The population was drawn from the four (4) faculties in the university, (Faculty of Arts, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Social and Management Sciences and Faculty of Medicine). The data collected were subjected to descriptive analysis using simple percentages. The study revealed that the major determinant of information needs of academic staff of the University is the need to support life-long learning and research purpose to meet up the academic programmes in the university. It was also revealed that textbooks/monographs are the major resources and sources staff consult for their information needs. The problems identified among others were: insufficient time to use the library, limited space and inadequate knowledge to use the internet and the e-resources by the staff. In conclusion, the study recommended as follows: the expansion of the library building, review of the opening and closing hours, broadening the internet services of the library and also empowering the library to organize seminars/workshops to sensitise staff on how to use the e-resources in the university library.

An Evaluation of Students’Admission Exercises (ESAE) in Kaduna State University, Nigeria

An Evaluation of Students’Admission Exercises (ESAE) in Kaduna State University, Nigeria