Kabuli Type Chickpea Research Articles

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of New Kabuli-Type Chickpea Lines in Australia for Resistance to Ascochyta Blight

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of New Kabuli-Type Chickpea Lines in Australia for Resistance to Ascochyta Blight

Antioxidant Potential and Osmotic Adjustment Modulate Growth and Yield Formation in Kabuli-Type Chickpea Genotypes Under Freezing Stress

Antioxidant Potential and Osmotic Adjustment Modulate Growth and Yield Formation in Kabuli-Type Chickpea Genotypes Under Freezing Stress

Participatory Variety Selection for Released Kabuli Type Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i> L.) Varieties in South Gondar Zone, Ethiopia

Participatory variety selection plays a vital role in adopting improved crop varieties into a new growing area. Farmers' preferences across locations and growing seasons must be taken into account to introduce improved varieties that farmers will accept. Evaluating improved chickpea varieties in specific agro-ecologies is a key activity to enhance the productivity of the crop. The purpose of this study was to identify adapted, high-yielding, disease-resistant, and farmers' preferred white chickpea varieties in the south Gondar zone, Ethiopia. Five Kabuli-type chickpea varieties with one local check were laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications replicated three times during the 2019/2020 cropping season at the farmers' field of Libokemkem and Simada districts. The environment by variety interaction analysis showed a highly significant difference at high significant (P< 0.01) difference for genotypes implying that there is a best-fit cultivar independently for each location. The study also revealed that in some cases the researchers' selection criteria were identical to farmers' preferences. These parameters include Disease reaction, Branch number, pod size, adaptability, and early maturity. Hence, including farmers' preferences in a variety selection process is paramount important. The results revealed that among the evaluated varieties, Akuri and Habru (2116.9 kg ha^-1) and (2021.9ha^-1) produced considerably higher yields at Libokemkem and Akuri and Habru (2037.5ha^-1), (2025.9 kg ha^-1) were found as high-yielding varieties at Simada. The combined grain yield of over location also (2077kg ha^-1) and 2038.8ha^-1) for Akuri and Habru Respectively. Accordingly, the highest grain yield in the Simada district was revealed by Akuri and Habru. While at Libokemkem; Akuri and Habru demonstrated top yield scores. Therefore, Akuri and Habru varieties were well adapted to the Simada and Libokemkem districts and similar agroecological zones of the western Amhara region.

Proteometabolomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Features Associated with Grain Size and Antioxidant Properties amongst Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Seeds Genotypes.

Legumes are an essential source of nutrients that complement energy and protein requirements in the human diet. They also contribute to the intake of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, whose content can vary depending on cultivars and genotypes. We conducted a comparative proteomics and metabolomics study to determine if there were significant variations in relevant nutraceutical compounds in the five genotypes of Kabuli-type chickpea grains. We performed an isobaric tandem mass tag (TMT) couple to synchronous precursor selection (SPS)-MS3 method along with a targeted and untargeted metabolomics approach based on accurate mass spectrometry. We observed an association between the overproduction of proteins involved in starch, lipid, and amino acid metabolism with gibberellin accumulation in large grains. In contrast, we visualized the over-accumulation of proteins associated with water deprivation in small grains. It was possible to visualize in small grains the over-accumulation of some phenolics such as vanillin, salicylic acid, protocatechuic acid, 4-coumaric acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, ferulic acid, and kaempferol 3-O-glucoside as well as the amino acid l-phenylalanine. The activated phenolic pathway was associated with the higher antioxidant capacity of small grains. Small grains consumption could be advantageous due to their nutraceutical properties.

Chickpeas from a Chilean Region Affected by a Climate-Related Catastrophe: Effects of Water Stress on Grain Yield and Flavonoid Composition.

The Valparaiso region in Chile was decreed a zone affected by catastrophe in 2019 as a consequence of one of the driest seasons of the last 50 years. In this study, three varieties (‘Alfa-INIA’, ‘California-INIA’, and one landrace, ‘Local Navidad’) of kabuli-type chickpea seeds produced in 2018 (control) and 2019 (climate-related catastrophe, hereafter named water stress) were evaluated for their grain yield. Furthermore, the flavonoid profile of both free and esterified phenolic extracts was determined using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the concentration of the main flavonoid, biochanin A, was determined using liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The grain yield was decreased by up to 25 times in 2019. The concentration of biochanin A was up to 3.2 times higher in samples from the second season (water stress). This study demonstrates that water stress induces biosynthesis of biochanin A. However, positive changes in the biochanin A concentration are overshadowed by negative changes in the grain yield. Therefore, water stress, which may be worsened by climate change in the upcoming years, may jeopardize both the production of chickpeas and the supply of biochanin A, a bioactive compound that can be used to produce dietary supplements and/or nutraceuticals.

Bioregulators application improved heat tolerance and yield in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) by modulating zeaxanthin cycle

Chickpea is sensitive to heat stress and generally experiences high temperature during reproductive phase. Therefore, terminal heat stress is key constraints for its production. Exogenous application of bioregulators is an option to improve heat tolerance and yield. Therefore, an experiment was carried out using two contrasting Desi type (JG 14) and Kabuli type (Pusa 1108) chickpea varieties with an objective to interlink bioregulators induced heat tolerance with zeaxanthin pigments cycle. Experiment was comprising two main treatments i.e. Normal (18th November) and late (20th December) sown conditions for exposing the crop to high temperature and four sub-treatments (Foliar application of bioregulators viz ABA (10 ppm), BA (40 ppm), SA (100 ppm), thiourea (1000 ppm) and water spray (as control) prior to flowering. Under high temperature condition, reduction in leaf photosynthesis, photosynthetic pigments, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, yield and its attributes was recorded. Foliar application of bioregulators augmented the grain yield by improving the photosynthetic rate (PN), photosynthetic pigments including zeaxanthin, maximum quantum yield of PS II (Fv/Fm), non-photochemical quenching, heat tolerance index, yield attributes and reducing the level of violaxanthin and heat susceptibility index over the control (water) under late sown condition which in turn suggested that bioregulators induced the heat tolerance by activating operation of zeaxanthin pigments cycle in chickpea. Moreover, Kabuli chickpea variety responded better to bioregulators than Desi type particularly under heat stress condition.

Chickpea Cultivar Selection to Produce Aquafaba with Superior Emulsion Properties.

Aquafaba (AQ), a viscous by-product solution produced during cooking chickpea or other legumes in water, is increasingly being used as an egg replacement due to its ability to form foams and emulsions. The objectives of our work were to select a chickpea cultivar that produces AQ with superior emulsion properties, and to investigate the impact of chickpea seed physicochemical properties and hydration kinetics on the properties of AQ-based emulsions. AQ from a Kabuli type chickpea cultivar (CDC Leader) had the greatest emulsion capacity (1.10 ± 0.04 m2/g) and stability (71.9 ± 0.8%). There were no correlations observed between AQ emulsion properties and chickpea seed proximate compositions. Meanwhile, AQ emulsion properties were negatively correlated with AQ yield and moisture content, indicating that AQ with higher dry-matter content displayed better emulsion properties. In conclusion, the emulsification properties of aquafaba are greatly influenced by the chickpea genotype, and AQ from the CDC Leader chickpea produced the most stable food oil emulsions.

English

Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were employed to reveal genetic diversity and relatedness among 27 chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars in Ethiopia. Four di-nucleotide repeat primers amplified 24 clear and reproducible bands of which 22 were polymorphic (91.67%). The genetic variation among 27 chickpea cultivars including 12 kabuli and 15 desi verities is high; in which desi type exhibited a genetic diversity of 75% with Shannon index of 0.47, while the kabuli type chickpea had 91.67% genetic diversity and Shannon index of 0.50. Unweighted Pair Group of Arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram and NJ trees with Jaccard’s similarity coefficient showed three major clusters. This was also recovered by 3D principal coordinates analysis, although some cultivars were intermixed. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) demonstrated highly significant (p < 0.001) genetic diversity within cultivars (97.71%) than among cultivars (2.29%). The distinct cultivars (Aererti, Tejie, Fetenech and Maryie) can serve as parents for future genetic resources conservation and Chickpea breeding program in Ethiopia. Key word: Chickpea cultivars, genetic diversity, ISSR markers, Ethiopia.

Nutritional Evaluation of Some Kabuli and Desi Varieties of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

The nutritional quality of whole grains of some desi and kabuli varieties of chickpea was studied. The range of variability in case of Kabuli type chickpea varieties was from 61.70–65.03% (total carbohydrates), 23.38–25.90% (crude protein), 4.125.03% (Crude fat) and 373.48–407.00 Kcal/100g (calorific value). However, in case of desi type chickpea, the range of variability was as, total carbohydrates (51.74–65.05%), crude protein (23.68–25.57%), crude fat (3.62–4.62%) and calorific value (345.19–385.57 Kcal/100g). Among the kabuli chickpea, variety-BG-1053 gave significantly higher value of total carbohydrates, crude protein, crude fat and calorific value while in desi chickpea varieties-Vishal and Sadabahar showed significantly higher values of crude protein, calorific value, crude fat and total carbohydrates.

Genotype, environment and their interaction influence seed quality traits in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

To study the variation in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seed composition important traits (seed weight, total starch, amylose and crude protein) were analyzed in 237 chickpea genotypes (180 desi, 49 kabuli and 8 pea shaped) grown in replicated trials over three consecutive years in field (2011 and 2013) and greenhouse (2012). Analysis of variance showed a significant effect of genotype, environment and their interaction on these traits. Kabuli type chickpea genotypes showed higher one thousand seed weight (105–472g), total starch (34.1–63.2%) and crude protein (15.7–28.0%) concentrations; however, amylose concentration (27.1–41.6% of total starch) was higher in desi chickpea genotypes. Correlation analysis exhibited a significant negative association of seed weight to amylose and crude protein; whereas positive association to total starch. Amylose showed a significant negative correlation to starch but positive correlation to crude protein. A significant negative correlation was also found between starch and crude protein. Chickpea genotypes showed high broad sense heritability (H2) for seed weight (0.70); while low to moderate H2 for total starch (0.12–0.51), crude protein (0.15–0.37) and amylose (0.10–0.14). Chickpea genotypes with high crude protein and amylose can be utilized in breeding programs to enhance chickpea seed quality to meet the diverse consumer requirements for improved diet and health benefits.

Variation in Seed‐Quality Traits of Chickpea and Their Correlation to Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides Concentrations

Genetic resources with desired seed composition are needed to improve nutritional quality of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds. A germplasm collection of 171 chickpea genotypes (desi and kabuli types) was characterized for selected seed quality traits (thousand‐seed weight [TSW], starch, protein, and amylose) in one greenhouse and two field trials. Kabuli‐type chickpea genotypes (115.7 to 537.4 g and 36.2 to 49.0%) had higher TSW and starch concentrations than desi types (114.6 to 332.4 g and 32.4 to 42.9%), respectively. Desi type chickpea genotypes (16.7 to 27.5%) showed a higher range for protein concentration than kabuli types (17.1 to 24.8%). However, amylose concentration did not vary significantly between desi (29.7 to 34.4%) and kabuli (29.2 to 35.0%) type chickpea genotypes. Genotype, environment, and their interaction showed a significant impact on selected seed‐quality traits. Among the chickpea seed‐quality traits studied, seed weight was the most heritable trait, and it showed significant positive correlation with starch concentration. Protein, amylose, and total raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) had significant negative correlation with TSW. However, total RFO concentration showed significant positive correlation to both starch and protein concentrations. The identified desi and kabuli genotypes can be used as new genetic resources in chickpea improvement programs to develop chickpea varieties with enhanced nutritional composition.

Biochemical alterations in the leaves of different Desi and Kabuli type chickpea genotypes infected by phytoplasma

Abstract Objective Chickpea phyllody caused by phytoplasma occurs worldwide. However, the alterations in the host physiology and its associated biochemical components induced by the infection with phytoplasma in chickpea plant remain unknown. Methods In present study, the changes in phenolic compounds, protein contents, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and chlorophyll contents were analyzed in phytoplasma-symptomatic and non-symptomatic plants of two Kabuli and three Desi type chickpea genotypes. Results Total phenols were statistically at par in symptomatic plants of both Kabuli and one Desi (Bittle-98) genotype but significantly increased in genotype Aug-424 and decreased in C-727. Protein contents were significantly decreased in symptomatic plants of all genotypes except CM-2008. PAL activity was significantly increased in all Kabuli but decreased in all the Desi genotypes. POX activity was significantly increased in Noor-2009 and Aug-424 but decreased in CM-2008 and Bittle-98. PPO activity was increased in two genotypes but decreased in others. CAT activity and chlorophyll contents were decreased in all genotypes. Conclusion The present finding indicates that phytoplasma causes non-specific, general stress response by interfering with host metabolism and photosynthesis. The study also provided significant insights for better understanding the mechanisms of chickpea plant response to phytoplasma.

Assessment of Genetic Improvement in Grain Yield Potential and Related Traits of Kabuli Type Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Varieties in Ethiopia (1974-2009)

Kabuli type chickpea is the most important commercial crop in Ethiopia and worldwide. A set of experiment was conducted to estimate the progress made in improving grain yield potential of Kabuli type chickpea varieties and changes in agromorphological traits associated with genetic yield potential. The varieties were laid down in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. The annual rate of increase in yield potential of Kabuli type chickpea was estimated from linear regression of mean grain yields of varieties on year of release was 8.42 kg ha-1yr-1 but this increment was not significantly different from zero. This revealed that chickpea breeders have made little/small efforts over the last 35 years to improve the yield of Kabuli type chickpea in Ethiopia. From the linear regression of hundred seed weight (HSW) against the years of release indicated that the annual rate of genetic gain was 1.00 g HSW-1 (8.96%) yr-1, reflected that a significant increase was recorded for this trait for the last 35 years of Kabuli type chickpea improvement program in Ethiopia. Hence, better genetic improvement was obtained from breeding for HSW than it was from breeding for grain yield in Kabuli type. In contrast, significant negative trend was observed in number of pods plant-1, seeds per pod-1 and seeds plant-1. The correlation coefficients showed that grain yield was significantly and positively correlated with primary branches plant-1, biomass yield and with all productivity traits. However, HSW which is the economical trait in Kabuli type chickpea showed significant negative association with secondary branches plant-1, pods plant-1, seeds pod-1 and seeds plant-1. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that most of the variation in grain yield was caused by biomass yield and harvest index.

Genetic Divergence and Character Association of Kabuli-Type Chickpea (Cicer Arietium) Genotype under Rainfed Conditions in Ethiopia

Chickpea is the major pulses grown in Ethiopia, mainly by subsistence farmers usually under rain-fed conditions Variability, heritability and correlation are the backbone of every selection method. The objective of the present study was to assess genotypic variability, heritability and correlation of 17kabuli-type genotypes for yield and yield related traits under rainfed condition. The experiments were conducted at the field area of Akaki, Chefe donssa, Deber zeit, Dembia and Haramay under RCB Design with four replication including 17 diverse genotypes of chickpea. There were significant genetic differences between genotypes for all the characters studied which suggested enormous scope of genotypes selection with desirable characters. High heritability for seed per pod, 100 seed weight and pod per plant high genetic advance revealed that additive gene effects were important in determining these traits. High heritability with low genetic advance for days to flowering and seed per pod indicated influence of dominant and epistatic genes. Estimation of correlation coefficients showed that pods per plant, plant biomass, plant height, and harvest index and 100-grain weight were positively correlated with grain yield. The traits, which revealed high amount of heritability and genetic advance, were controlled by additive genes, which advocated the chances of their improvement through selection. In the present investigation high to low heritability with moderate estimates of genetic advance recorded for pod per plant, seed per pod, plant height days to flowering, days to maturity,100 seed weight and grain yield where careful selection may lead towards improvement for these traits. Hence, provides better opportunities for selecting plant material for these traits in chickpea.

Yield performance and responses studies of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)&lt;br&gt;genotypes under drought stress

Drought is a major abiotic constraint limiting the chickpea yield up to a greater level in Pakistan. The yield level remain very low under prolong moisture deficit conditions. A set of 40 chickpea lines including some approved varieties were assessed for drought tolerance under glasshouse conditions. The crop was given an artificial drought stress at pre-flowering stage for a period of 30 days and then re-irrigated regularly till harvesting. The observations were recorded on plant wilting-I, plant wilting-II, crop recovery percentage and grain yield. The results revealed a relatively divergent response of various chickpea lines/varieties for all the studied parameters. Genotypes SL-05-30 NCS950219 and F-97-112 C remained superior while observing plant wilting-I by scoring 1, 1.67 and 2.00 at 1-9 rating scale and produced higher yield of 18.43, 18.33 and 18.23 grams per plant respectively. The plant recovery response revealed that more than 50% of studied lines could not properly recover after termination of moisture stress suggesting that moisture stress at pre-flowering has usually lethal effect on chickpea plants. Kabuli type chickpea lines were more sensitive to moisture stress and high temperature and produced lower yields as compared to desi type chickpea.

Potential of Turkish Kabuli type chickpea and green and red lentil cultivars as source of soy and animal origin functional protein alternatives

In this study, functional properties of proteins from Turkish Kabuli type chickpea (CPEs) and green and red lentil cultivars (LPEs) were characterized and compared with those of soy and animal proteins. The LPEs and whey protein isolate (WPI) showed higher soluble and total protein content than the other proteins. CPEs showed the highest oil absorption capacity (10.9–14.59 g/g), followed by LPEs (6.90–10.44 g/g), soy protein extract (8.23 g/g), and egg white proteins (6.37 g/g). The highest water absorption capacities were obtained for bovine gelatin (BGEL) (8.84 g/g), CPEs (4.90–7.94 g/g) and soy protein isolate (7.94 g/g). The foaming capacities of BGEL and fish gelatin (FGEL), and emulsifying capacity of WPI were slightly higher than those of CPEs and LPEs, but most stable emulsions and foams were formed by chickpea and lentil proteins. The least gelling concentration of CPEs (5–7 g/100 g) came second after BGEL (3 g/100 g). The 2-D electrophoresis revealed the detailed isoelectric point (between 4.5 and 5.9) and molecular weight patterns of chickpea and lentil proteins. This study clearly showed that the functional properties of Kabuli chickpea proteins are superior than those of lentil proteins and most of the studied soy and animal proteins.

The study of 2,4-D and 2,4,5-T effects on gene expression at early stages of embryogenesis in chickpea (Cicer arientinum L.)

Factors affecting the induction of embryogenesis in somatic plant cells in vitro are highly variable depending on different growth regulators, explants types, culture media and stress treatments. A series of experiments were set to study the effect of some factors involve in the initiation and development of somatic embryos including genotype, growth regulator and the kind of explants in four Kabuli type chickpea genotypes (F3, Jam, Bivanig and ILC485). Mature embryos were transferred on Murashige and Skooges (MS) medium plus 3% sucrose supplemented with two kind of auxin as growth regulators in order to induce embryogenesis. The best induction media (found in the preliminary experiment) was the one supplemented with either 3 mg/l 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) or 3 mg/l 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) in single use or in combination, to induce globular embryos. Globular shape embryos were distinguishable 6 to 7 weeks after culture. Desiccation treatments were applied by keeping the samples for 7, 14 and 20 min in laminar air flow to induce globular embryos maturity. Total RNAs were isolated using guanidium isothiocyanate method. The polymerase chain reaction amplification (PCR) reaction was performed using three one-base-anchored oligo-dT primers, in combination with eight arbitrary primers. Two genotypes of Bivanig and ILC482 were selected as explants for gene expression studies due to their highest number of globular embryos production, then 3 mg/l 2,4,5-T and 3 mg/l 2,4-D were used to produce embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli, respectively. The results showed a similar gene expression pattern in both treatments with three eminent steps. Comparison of both similar band patterns of two auxin treatments indicated that, a number of particular genes are involved in cells determination. Different growth regulators and thegenotypes created little changes in gene expression pattern through theembryogenesis process just before the globular stage, resulting that, a large number of changes and genes occur similarly in both genotypes and auxin treatments. Key words: Chickpea, embryogenesis, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T), gene expression.

B value and isotopic fractionation in N2 fixation by chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) and faba bean (Vicia faba L.)

A prerequisite for the calculation of the proportion of a legume’s nitrogen derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) using the 15N natural abundance technique (NA) is the determination of the B value (δ15N value for a legume when completely dependent on N2 fixation for growth). With this objective, Kabuli-type chickpea seeds were inoculated with Mesorhizobium ciceri, strain ISC-6, and an indigenous strain mixture (ISM) from the Guadalquivir Valley (southern Spain); and mayor-equina-type faba bean seeds were inoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum strain ISL-19. Both legumes were grown in perlite with an N-free nutrient solution and in a growth chamber; uninoculated plants were also grown under the same conditions. Samples of the inoculated plants were collected at full flowering and maturity, analyzing total N and 15N content of the nodules, root, shoot and seeds. The seeds sown and uninoculated plants at wilting were also analyzed. The uninoculated chickpea and faba bean plants showed strong 15N discrimination in the remobilization of reserve proteins from the cotyledons to the shoot. Only 52% of the 15N from the chickpea seed and 46% from the faba bean seed were translocated to the shoot. The Bwhole plant value for both inoculated species (−1.44‰ in chickpea and −1.33‰ in faba bean) demonstrated the existence of a significant isotopic discrimination of N in the fixation of atmospheric N2. The Bshoot value did not show significant differences between full flowering and seed maturity for either species, which allowed field sampling to be performed for the calculation of %Ndfa between both growth stages. Each species presented different 15N discrimination for the different parts analyzed. In chickpea, strong discrimination was observed between the nodules (+3.11‰) and the rest of the plant (−1.67‰); this discrimination was less pronounced in faba bean and always with negative values between the underground parts (nodules and root, with a mean value of −0.75‰) and the shoot (−1.71‰). The Bshoot value obtained was −1.80‰ in chickpea and −1.71‰ in faba bean. However, given the importance of the amount of seed N in chickpea and faba bean, seed 15N contribution should be considered in the calculation of the Bshoot value using a mass balance model which considers 50% of this amount. In this case, the adjusted Bshoot values would increase to −2.05‰ and −1.89‰ in chickpea and faba bean, respectively.

Mutagenic induction of double-podding trait in different genotypes of chickpea and their characterization by STMS marker

With 1 figure and 2 tables Abstract A gene that confers double-podding in chickpea is considered to be important for breeding higher yielding cultivars. Double-podded mutants were produced from five desi- and four kabuli-type chickpea genotypes through induced mutations and stabilty was checked up to M13 generation. Desi-type produced higher number of mutants as compared with kabuli-type. The inheritance studies in induced mutants of six genotypes showed that the double-podded trait was governed by single recessive gene. Different genotypes and their double-podded mutants were also characterized through sequence-tagged microsatellite site marker, TA-80. Allelic variations were found in single-podded genotypes and eight different alleles were identified, while for double-poddedness no allelic variants were found in all the analysed mutants. Addition of bases in the double-podded mutants showed that there might be involvement of transposable elements in the production of double-podded mutants through mutagens.

Effect of Harvest Timing on Yield and Mineral Nutritional Value of Kabuli Type Chickpea Seeds

ABSTRACT Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) seeds are a good source of protein and mineral nutrients. However, there is no information regarding harvest timing on yield and mineral composition of chickpea seeds. The effect of harvest timing on seed yield, some yield components and mineral nutritional value of seeds of field grown chickpea plants in two different sites were studied. The mineral composition of chickpea straw depending on harvest timing was also evaluated in order to explain the variations of seed mineral concentrations in sink-source relationship manner. Yield and mineral nutritional value of chickpea were significantly affected by harvest timing. When compared to the seed yield at optimal harvest time, seed yield was 18% and 9% lower in the early harvest and 27% and 31% in the late harvest in Site 1 and Site 2, respectively. Late harvest of chickpea crops resulted in significant pod dropping and shattering. Generally, protein, phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and manganese (Mn) concentrations of the seeds in optimal harvest were found to be greater than in early and late harvested plants. Harvest timing also results in significant variations in straw mineral nutrient concentrations of the plants. As the results of this study, it was concluded that the harvest timing is critical for yield losses and mineral nutritional value of chickpea seeds.