Juvenile Spiny Lobsters Panulirus Research Articles

GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF SPINY LOBSTER, Panulirus homarus JUVENILES FED WITH DIFFERENT FORMULATED FEEDS

Article Highlights- Indonesia has remarkable natural resources of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus and an exceptional opportunity to establish the largest lobster aquaculture industry in the world.- However, culturing lobsters still relies on natural feeds (trash fish of fresh fishery by-catch) which are inefficient and environmentally unsustainable.- Developing formulated feed based on locally available ingredients is invaluable for replacing natural feeds to support sustainable lobster culture.- Formulated feed made of local fish meal provided the best growth of juvenile spiny lobster Panulirus homarus compared to imported fish meal. AbstractSeveral studies suggested that good growth performance and survival of lobster juveniles can be achieved by feeding the lobsters with formulated feeds. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the growth and survival of spiny lobster Panulirus homarus juveniles fed with different diets having profiles based on a basal diet formulation and (2) to compare the growth of lobsters fed with an identical formulated feed with variations only in sources of fish meal and dry matter content. The feeding experiment was designed following a completely randomized design (CRD) with five diet treatments and five replicates for each treatment. Five experimental diets were prepared in this experiment, i.e., Diet A (basal diet prepared as moist pellets); Diet B (moist pellets with the same formulation as Diet A, using local fish meal); Diet C (moist pellets with the same formulation as Diet A, using imported fish meal); Diet D (dry pellets with the same formulation as Diet A, using imported fish meal); and Diet E (fresh fish). Juveniles of spiny lobster with an average weight of 3.00±0.07 g were allocated in 25 net cages (60 x 60 x 60 cm) placed in a circular HDPE canvas tank (7.5 m in diameter) at a density of 15 lobsters/cage in a flow-through seawater system. The juveniles were fed with the experimental diets twice/day for 12 weeks. The experiment showed that the best growth was observed in juveniles fed with moist feed containing local fish meal (Diet B) with the final weight reaching 18.74±2.30 g. Moist feed containing imported fish meal (Diet C) resulted in a higher survival rate (46.66%), and the lowest survival rate (13.33%) was obtained from juveniles fed with fresh fish (Diet E).

Metabolic changes in antennal glands of Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus infected by Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1).

Panulirus argus virus 1 (PaV1) (Family Mininucleoviridae) causes chronic and systemic infection in wild juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804), ending in death by starvation and metabolic wasting. In marine decapods, the antennal gland is involved in osmoregulation and excretion. In this compact organ, fluid is filtered from the hemolymph, and ions are reabsorbed to produce a hypotonic urine. Although PaV1 is released with the urine in infected individuals, little is known regarding the metabolic effect of PaV1 in the antennal gland. The objective of this study was to perform a comparative evaluation of the metabolic profile of the antennal gland of clinically PaV1-infected lobsters versus those with no clinical signs of infection, using proton nuclear magnetic resonance analysis. Overall, 48 compounds were identified, and the most represented metabolites were those involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, energy, and nucleotide metabolism. Most of the metabolites that were down-regulated in the infected group were essential and non-essential amino acids. Some metabolites involved in the urea cycle and carbohydrate metabolism were also altered. This study represents a first approach to the metabolic evaluation of the antennal gland. We broadly discuss alterations in the content of several proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic amino acids and other key metabolites involved in energetic and nucleotide metabolism.

Nutritional and immunological evaluation of juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus (Latreille, 1804) (Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae) naturally infected with the PaV1 virus

Nutritional and immunological evaluation of juvenile spiny lobsters <i>Panulirus argus</i> (Latreille, 1804) (Decapoda: Achelata: Palinuridae) naturally infected with the PaV1 virus

Developmental and gut-related changes to microbiomes of the cultured juvenile spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus.

With recent technologies making it possible for commercial scale closed life-cycle aquaculture production of spiny lobster (Panulirus ornatus) comes a strong impetus to further understand aspects of lobster health. The gut microbiome plays a crucial role in host health, affecting growth, digestion, immune responses and pathogen resistance. Herein we characterise and compare gut microbiomes across different developmental stages (6-7 days post-emergence [dpe], 52 dpe and 13 months post-emergence [mpe]) and gut regions (foregut, midgut and hindgut) of cultured P. ornatus juveniles. Gut samples were analysed using 16S rRNA next-generation sequencing. Core gut microbiomes of P. ornatus comprised the phyla Tenericutes and Proteobacteria. Within class Gammaproteobacteria, families Pseudoalteromonadaceae and Vibrionaceae were dominant members across the majority of the gut microbiomes. Characterisation of bacterial communities from 13 mpe lobsters indicated that the hindgut microbiome was more diverse and compositionally dissimilar to the foregut and midgut. The bacterial composition of the hindgut was more similar among younger juveniles (6-7 dpe and 52 dpe) compared to 13 mpe lobsters. This is the first study to explore gut microbiomes of spiny lobster juveniles. We demonstrate that the composition of the gut microbiome was shaped by gut region, whereas the structure of the hindgut microbiome was influenced by developmental stage.

An evaluation of potential diets for the culture of postpueruli spiny lobstersPanulirus argus(Palinuridae)

Provision of a suitable feed is paramount for the ongoing success of spiny lobster culture. This study compared and evaluated the performance of seven diets for first instar juvenile spiny lobster Panulirus argus [5–6 mm carapace length (CL)] based on growth rates, survival, and feed conversion ratio. Results demonstrated that a seafood-based juvenile formulation produced the fastest growth rate (3.49% weight gain day−1 and 0.90% CL increase day−1 over a 28-day period). These growth rates were also reflected by a low feed conversion rate (3.04) for this formulated feed. Similar results were also obtained for juveniles fed a frozen seafood diet, however, frozen brine shrimp, Artemia salina (both enriched and un-enriched), frozen enriched mysis shrimp, a dry pellet, and a meal-based juvenile formulation did not produce consistent growth rates. Survival rates ranged between 38% and 85% and demonstrate that juvenile lobsters have better likelihoods of survival in captive culture environments compared to the wild. Although further nutritional refinement is recommended, the results from this research have significant implication for the possible expansion of juvenile spiny lobster growout to a larger scale.

Presence of Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1) in juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus from the Caribbean coast of Mexico

Macroscopic evidence, histological sections, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) evaluation, and PCR analyses of 25 apparently diseased juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus from the reef lagoon of Puerto Morelos, Mexico, showed the presence of Panulirus argus Virus 1 (PaV1). Cowdry Type A intranuclear viral inclusions were observed in histological analyses, icosahedral viral particles were observed by TEM, and PCR using specific primers for PaV1 amplified a fragment of 499 bp. This is the first report of PaV1 infecting P. argus outside the Florida Keys, USA.

Effects of artificial shelters (Casitas) on the abundance and biomass of juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus in a habitat-limited tropical reef lagoon

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 221:221-232 (2001) - doi:10.3354/meps221221 Effects of artificial shelters (Casitas) on the abundance and biomass of juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus in a habitat-limited tropical reef lagoon Patricia Briones-Fourzán*, Enrique Lozano-Álvarez Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Puerto Morelos, PO Box 1152 Cancún, Quintana Roo 77500, Mexico *E-mail: briones@mar.icmyl.unam.mx ABSTRACT: ŒCasitas¹ are artificial habitats that mimic large crevice-type shelters sought by juvenile Caribbean spiny lobsters Panulirus argus. Despite the widespread use of casitas for lobster fishing in the Caribbean, the ecological performance of casitas is not yet fully understood. We examined the mode of operation of casitas in a habitat-limited population of juvenile P. argus in the reef lagoon at Puerto Morelos, Mexico. The density of juveniles in the reef lagoon was estimated with transects as 11 ha-1. After the transect surveys, a year-long baseline study on the lobster population, consisting of 13 visual censuses, was conducted at 9 fixed sites, each of area 100 x 100 m (1 ha). All lobsters were juveniles (10.7 to 56.5 mm carapace length, CL), and only 12% measured >35 mm CL. No movement of tagged lobsters was recorded among sites. Overall density in the 9 sites was 5.0 ha-1, but density varied widely in space and time. Two groups of sites were evident: a group of 5 sites with virtually no lobsters (NL sites), and a group of 4 sites with lobsters (WL sites). Lobster density was related to the abundance and size of natural shelters in each site. Casitas were deployed in 2 of the 4 WL and 3 of the 5 NL sites (treatment sites), and further bimonthly censuses were conducted in all sites for an additional year. Despite temporal variations, lobster density in both WL and NL treatment sites increased significantly compared to control sites and to their respective baseline values. The mean size of lobsters and the biomass of all lobsters became gradually larger in treatment sites compared to control sites and to the baseline study, but both mean size and biomass fluctuated in time. These results support the hypothesis that artificial habitats increase the abundance and biomass of lobsters in habitat-limited environments, and the notion of an attraction-production continuum effect of casitas on lobsters. KEY WORDS: Artificial habitats · Casitas · Spiny lobsters · Panulirus argus · Habitat limitation · Attraction-production · Mexican Caribbean Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 221. Online publication date: October 18, 2001 Print ISSN: 0171-8630; Online ISSN: 1616-1599 Copyright © 2001 Inter-Research.

Artificial shelters (casitas) as habitats for juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus in the Mexican Caribbean

Artificial shelters (casitas) as habitats for juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus in the Mexican Caribbean

Artificial shelters (casitas) as habitats for juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus in the Mexican Caribbean

MEPS Marine Ecology Progress Series Contact the journal Facebook Twitter RSS Mailing List Subscribe to our mailing list via Mailchimp HomeLatest VolumeAbout the JournalEditorsTheme Sections MEPS 158:217-224 (1997) - doi:10.3354/meps158217 Artificial shelters (casitas) as habitats for juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus in the Mexican Caribbean Ana Minerva Arce1,*, William Aguilar-Dávila1, Eloy Sosa-Cordero1, John F. Caddy2 1El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Unidad Chetumal Zona Ind. No. 2, Carr. Chetumal-Bacalar, CP 77050 Chetumal, Quintana Roo, Mexico 2Fisheries Department, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, I-00100 Rome, Italy *E-mail: anamarce@ecosur-qroo.mx The cryptic and shelter-seeking behaviour of spiny lobsters Panulirusargus Latreille prompted the use of artificial shelters to examine the juvenile population structure at Cayos-Contoy, Quintana Roo, Mexico. We tested the hypothesis that habitat type had no influence on shelter occupancy. The artificial shelters used were concrete structures with a PVC frame (mini-size casitas). Macrofauna and potential predators associated with the mini-casitas were also quantified. The size of the lobsters harbored by these structures emphasized the importance of the Cayos-Contoy as a nursery habitat for P. argus. Differences in mini-casita occupancy by juveniles and the association between habitat and lobster size groups suggest that availability of natural habitats had an influence on casita occupancy. The periodic removal of all lobsters from the mini-casitas resulted in the vacancies being occupied mostly by a size-specific group of juveniles. Transitional (16 to 25 mm carapace length, CL) and post-algal (26 to 35 mm CL) juvenile stages recruited mainly to vegetated habitats, with larger lobsters occupying patch reef habitats. Mini-casita occupancy was dominated by transitional and post-algal early juvenile stages (41.1 and 34.6% respectively). The fact that the highest percentage of mini-casita occupancy is by transitional juvenile P. argus is considered to represent a 'population bottleneck' effect. Artificial shelters · Spiny lobsters · Panulirusargus · Mexican Caribbean Full text in pdf format PreviousNextExport citation RSS - Facebook - Tweet - linkedIn Cited by Published in MEPS Vol. 158. Publication date: November 17, 1997 Print ISSN:0171-8630; Online ISSN:1616-1599 Copyright © 1997 Inter-Research.

Cascading disturbances in Florida Bay, USA:cyanobacteria blooms, sponge mortality, and implications for juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus

Cascading disturbances in Florida Bay, USA:cyanobacteria blooms, sponge mortality, and implications for juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus

Predation on early juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus (Latreille): influence of size and shelter

Juvenile spiny lobsters Panulirus argus (Latreille) from three behaviorally and ecologically distinct ontogenetic groups (algal, 5–15 mm carapace length; transitional, 16–25 mm CL; and post-algal, 26–35 mm CL) were tethered in their characteristic shelters and on open substratum to evaluate size related differences in predation risk. Field experiments performed at two sites near Long Key, Florida Bay nursery habitat indicate that juveniles attain a partial size refuge from a suite of abundant algal lobster predators at about the time they emerge from settling habitat. Algal lobsters experience significantly decreased mortality by sheltering at night, thereby attaining a survival rate comparable to that of larger, older juveniles that forage nocturnally in the open. Diver surveying and limited net sampling revealed an array of lobster predators including octopus, portunid crabs, bonnethead sharks, nurse sharks, sting rays, gray snapper and toadfish, as well as general crustacean predators including bonefish and permit. High relative mortality of the smallest juveniles suggests that predation on the algal and early transitional phases is a potential bottleneck to population recruitment.

Evolution, Predator Avoidance, and Unsuccessful Predation

Commentaires sur les criteres de Vermeij (Ibid., 1982, 120, 701-720) pour l'identification des adaptations liees a la viabilite et, en particulier, aux defenses contre les predateurs