Abstract This review of literature focuses on aggression and adolescent girls. Recent official crime statistics from Statistics Canada show an increase in violent offences by girls. This statistic has created considerable interest in a heretofore largely ignored area of childhood maladjustment. Important differences regarding the development and expression of aggression with girls in contrast to boys is provided. In the context of what is acknowledged to be a limited literature, there are important themes for human service-providers and policy-makers to consider in examining assessment, treatment, and prevention strategies for aggressive adolescent girls. Finally, an orientation towards furthering a research agenda in the area of aggression with adolescent girls is provided. Recent high-profile cases involving violence with girls (e.g., witness the media coverage of the Reena Virk murder in British Columbia) has focused the attention of the public on a heretofore unacknowledged societal problem: violence involving adolescent girls. The present review of literature is concerned with aggression and adolescent girls of which violent expression is but one component. The review includes literature pertinent to girls' use of aggression in a variety of contexts, including peer on peer aggression, same and opposite gender aggression, as well as dating violence. It is presented with the belief that a careful reading of that literature will further an agenda of understanding regarding the unique aspects of girls who display violent behaviour. Relative to the literature regarding violence with adolescent boys, the literature with girls is limited. Yet, our reading of what is available suggests that there is now a basis for a serious discussion regarding the unique needs of girls who may be prone to acting in violent ways. Our conclusion is that there is an obvious need for professionals to begin to draw on assessment, treatment, and prevention options that are sensitive to the unique needs of girls. Again, while the number of studies with girls may seem limited, it is not premature to begin exploring some of the potential findings that could relate to the unique human service needs of girls. This review begins within the context of the increasing rate at which girls are proceeding through the youth court in Canada for violent offences. Following the review will be a discussion of potential explanations for that increase with reference not only to problems of definition for childhood and adolescent aggression, but also to some of the unique aspects of the juvenile justice process that may affect rates of reporting violence with girls. Drawing primarily on research in North America, this review examines those studies focused on aggression for girls between the ages 12 to 17, the corresponding ages in Canada under the Young Offenders Act. Empirical studies that relate to the understanding of the correlates of aggression with adolescent girls and to possible measurement issues for risk prediction will be summarized. This group of studies fits the criteria for inclusion by age and gender with data that reports an association of factors for girls and aggression. Suggestions will then be given for human service, including assessment, treatment, and prevention. These suggestions will reflect an understanding from the literature on aggression with adolescent girls on how a gender-sensitive human service delivery system in youth justice could be developed. Finally, recommendations for furthering a research agenda in understanding aggression and adolescent girls will be made. Overview of Violence and Adolescent Girls Concern with respect to violence and young people in Canada is now without precedence. Fear amongst Canadians for the out-of-control behaviour of young people is high (Labor, 1999). This fear is present despite the fact that Statistics Canada has recently reported that violent crime amongst young people overall has shown a reduction over the past five years (Statistics Canada, 1999). …