Juvenile Detention Home Research Articles

Kształtowanie aspiracji edukacyjnych i życiowych nieletnich skierowanych do schroniska

The main objective of the present article was to try to show the educational and life aspirations of juveniles assigned to a juvenile detention home. The study covered 30 juveniles committed to the Dominow Juvenile Detention Home. For diagnostic purposes, a specially constructed survey questionnaire was used, consisting of standardized questions divided into three the matic modules. The first assessed the quality of personal life of the juveniles surveyed, and the second assessed the types and ranges of aspirations of the studied juveniles. The third module was intended to evaluate changes in the educational and life aspirations of the juveniles, theirself-assessment before being committed to the juvenile detention home and after the preventive measure was decided.

Reliability and validity of the new Tanaka B Intelligence Scale scores: a group intelligence test.

ObjectiveThe present study evaluated the reliability and concurrent validity of the new Tanaka B Intelligence Scale, which is an intelligence test that can be administered on groups within a short period of time.MethodsThe new Tanaka B Intelligence Scale and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition were administered to 81 subjects (mean age ± SD 15.2±0.7 years) residing in a juvenile detention home; reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and concurrent validity was assessed using the one-way analysis of variance intraclass correlation coefficient. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic analysis for screening for individuals who have a deficit in intellectual function (an FIQ<70) was performed. In addition, stratum-specific likelihood ratios for detection of intellectual disability were calculated.ResultsThe Cronbach’s alpha for the new Tanaka B Intelligence Scale IQ (BIQ) was 0.86, and the intraclass correlation coefficient with FIQ was 0.83. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85–0.96). In addition, the stratum-specific likelihood ratio for the BIQ≤65 stratum was 13.8 (95% CI: 3.9–48.9), and the stratum-specific likelihood ratio for the BIQ≥76 stratum was 0.1 (95% CI: 0.03–0.4). Thus, intellectual disability could be ruled out or determined.ConclusionThe present results demonstrated that the new Tanaka B Intelligence Scale score had high reliability and concurrent validity with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition score. Moreover, the post-test probability for the BIQ could be calculated when screening for individuals who have a deficit in intellectual function. The new Tanaka B Intelligence Test is convenient and can be administered within a variety of settings. This enables evaluation of intellectual development even in settings where performing intelligence tests have previously been difficult.

Restorative Classrooms: Critical Peace Education in a Juvenile Detention Home

This article describes several of the more successful critical peace education methodologies and perspectives that I was able to bring to my classroom in a juvenile detention home. For example, reflective writing and community analysis of nonviolent peace movements formed the core of my curriculum, as did critical analysis of the social processes of stereotyping and dehumanization. As a result, numerous students grew in their ability to write, express empathy with others, identify bias and articulate critical analysis of their schools, among other political systems. This analysis will contribute to the growing body of work on the practice of critical peace education.

Risk//need analysis in juvenile delinquents: an integrated multiprofessional longitudinal approach--a clinical pilot project.

A clinical pilot project with the aim of performing a risk/need analysis in juvenile delinquents is presented. The main objective of this project was to test the feasibility of performing independent risk predictions by a forensic psychiatric team. The organization, which involves a forensic psychiatric team, is described. Risk factors, risk prediction checklists and an analysis of crime characteristics and certain personality features with possible criminogenic implications are discussed. The feasibility of the project organization has been confirmed. It appears to be possible for an independent forensic psychiatric team to perform risk/need analysis in juvenile delinquents. The integration of clinical factors involving collaboration with staff at the juvenile detention home and checklists for risk prediction are recommended. Long-term follow up would make it possible to relate certain risk factors and evaluate risk management procedures to relapse in criminal behaviour and beneficial outcome, respectively.

The effect of HIV/AIDS prevention intervention for Israeli adolescents in residential centers: Results at 12-month follow-up

The research reported in this article assessed the effect of a cognitive--behavioral program to prevent HIV/ AIDS among 139 adolescents in residential centers in Israel. Sixty-one adolescents underwent an intensive HIV/AIDS-prevention intervention program (treatment group), and 78 adolescents did not receive this treatment (control group). Self-report instruments were used to assess the participants' knowledge, attitude, coping skills, and behavior about HIV/AIDS before the intervention, immediately after the intervention, and 12 months later. The intervention had a significant effect on the treatment group's knowledge about HIV/AIDS, attitudes towards prevention, and coping with HIV/AIDS-related high-risk situations. The changes were still evident at the 12-month follow-up. In addition, at follow-up participants in the treatment group were 2.5 times more likely to have vaginal sex with a condom than the control group participants. Key words: adolescents; cognitive--behavioral model; HIV/AIDS; juvenile delinquents; prevention; residential centers Many studies have shown that adolescents who are experiencing social difficulties, including juvenile delinquents, abused and neglected children, and runaway and homeless adolescents, are at high risk of HIV/AIDS infection. For example, Nader, Wexler, Patterson, McKusick, and Coates (1989) reported that adolescents in a detention facility perceived a less-personal threat of HIV/AIDS, felt less confident about preventing HIV/AIDS, and were more prone to engage in high-risk sexual activities than unincarcerated high school students. DiClemente (1991) also reported a high prevalence of unsafe sexual behavior among incarcerated adolescents. Slonim-Nevo, Ozawa, and Auslander (1991) found that delinquent and abused adolescents in residential centers in the United States were highly knowledgeable about HIV/AIDS, but had low positive attitudes toward prevention and reported engagement in unsafe HIV/AIDS-related behaviors. Similar findings were found among juvenile delinquents in Israel (Slonim-Nevo, 1992/1993) and among adolescents in a juvenile detention home in Seattle, Washington (Morrison, Baker, & Gillmore, 1994). Studies by Rotheram-Borus and Koopman (1991), and Rotheram-Borus et al. (1992), on runaway youths reported the same problem. Other researchers reported involvement in HIV risk behaviors among homeless youths (Athey, 1991; Clatts, Davis, Sotheran, & Attilaso, 1998; Rosenthal, Moore, & Buzwell, 1994). The question we raise is What type of HIV/ AIDS prevention program could be effective for this high-risk population? Unfortunately, only a few controlled studies address this question. It already has been demonstrated that interventions that dispense only information about HIV/AIDS are ineffective in reducing high-risk behavior among delinquent and abused adolescents living in residential centers (Morrison et al., 1994; Slonim-Nevo et al., 1991). Empirical studies have indicated that cognitive--behavioral interventions that focus on attitudinal changes, coping skills, and assertiveness could be effective in changing HIV/AIDS-related high-risk behaviors among adolescents who are experiencing difficulties. The cognitive--behavioral approach assumes that behavior can be changed by acquiring skills that would include planning, problem solving, and assertiveness. Consequently, the acquisition of skills can lead to safer sexual behavior (Bandura, 1977, 1990; Kelly, 1995). Rotheram-Borus, Koopman, and Haignere (1991) found that among runaway adolescents, the use of a condom increased and engagement in high-risk sexual behavior decreased as the number of intervention sessions increased. Yet, Gillmore et al. (1997), who assessed the relative efficacy of group skill training, comic books, and videotapes in reducing engagement in high-risk behavior among adolescents in juvenile detention homes, reported very few differences among these intervention techniques. …

Diet and crime: An empirical examination of the value of nutrition in the control and treatment of incarcerated juvenile offenders

VioLit summary: OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study by Schoenthaler was to investigate the relationship between sugar consumption and misbehavior among incarcerated juvenile offenders. METHODOLOGY: A quasi-experimental methodology was used for this study. 276 juveniles total were included in the study. The subjects consisted of male and female offenders between 12 and 18 years old who had been placed in the custody of a state administered juvenile detention home located in Virginia Beach, Virginia. The facility usually holds 12-15 juveniles for a period of one month. Most typical offenses were alcohol and drug violations, disorderly conduct, public intoxication, larceny, and burglary. 25% were sent there for violent offenses. The subjects were incarcerated for more than a day between March 8, 1980 and March 8, 1982. A change in diet was instituted on March 8, 1981, thus creating two groups: 1) pre-reduced sugar and 2) post-reduced sugar. 102 juveniles fell into the first group, and 174 fell into the second. The changes in the diet of the children included such things as the replacement of the soda machine with a fruit juice machine, the elimination of high sugar desserts, serving of fruit juice and unsweetened iced tea instead of sweetened drinks, replacement of white sugar with other substitutes as molasses and honey, efforts to keep parents from sending high sugar snacks, and other direct manipulation of the diet. The dependent variable consisted of average number of disciplinary infractions per day spent in the facility. The personnel who were involved in bring up children on charges were not aware of the study, and the children were not told that they were participating in a study. They were told, instead, that the changes were due to health considerations. Age, race, gender, and type of past criminal behavior served as control variables. T-tests and chi-square were used to analyze the data. FINDINGS/DISCUSSION: Overall, a 48% decrease (significant at AUTHOR'S RECOMMENDATIONS: The author argued that further research at other institutions should be carried out to test these findings on a broader scale. It was also recommended that nutritional counseling be included and that follow-up study of recidivism among offenders who had received this care be done. Study was also advocated that would isolate which features of the diet were successful. EVALUATION: The medical community has grappled with the effect of sugar on childrens' diets in several areas including hyperactivity for a long time. This study argues, along the same lines, that the reduction in sugar would decrease institutional misbehavior. The methodological approach that can isolate the introduction of the independent variable (diet) and which examines its effect independently of possible antecedent explanations is a strength for making claims that the reduction in sugar is a likely cause of the decrease in problem behavior. The weaknesses of this study were, generally, identified by the author: 1) lack of generalizability to other institutions and 2) inability to locate which factor(s) in the diet were the main factors. Additionally, a design which would more systematically and simultaneously enter the controls into a single equation would also be helpful. (CSPV Abstract - Copyright © 1992-2007 by the Center for the Study and Prevention of Violence, Institute of Behavioral Science, Regents of the University of Colorado) KW - Virginia KW - Nutrition-Health KW - Diet KW - Sugar Consumption KW - Juvenile Inmate KW - Juvenile Delinquency KW - Delinquency Intervention KW - Incarcerated KW - Juvenile Correctional Institution KW - Juvenile Offender KW - Behavior Modification KW - Juvenile Antisocial Behavior KW - Inmate Antisocial Behavior

Art Therapy in a Juvenile Detention Home: Behind Locked Doors

Art Therapy in a Juvenile Detention Home: Behind Locked Doors

Vision analysis and refractive status of youths in a juvenile detention home population.

Clinical optometric findings of 633 juvenile dentention youths were statistically evaluated and compared to data from the general population. The youths had a higher referral rate of refractive errors, organic problems, and muscle in balances than the general population. Female youths exhibited a higher incidence and greater severity of myopia than males at all ages. Referral rate for astigmatism among the youths was higher than the general population although the dioptric power was in agreement with previous studies.

The Functions of a Juvenile Detention Home

The Functions of a Juvenile Detention Home

"Justice" versus "Individualized Treatment" in the Juvenile Court

Should the Juvenile Court concentrate upon individual treatment to the exclusion of considerations of justice? The author of this article is superintendent of Juvenile Hall, the juvenile detention home for Los Angeles County, and was previously a probation officer. In the light of his experience he feels that the widening gap between theory and practice in this field must be bridged and that individualized treatment must be reconciled with principles of justice if the rights and welfare of individual and community are to be safeguarded.(EDrITO.)

A Survey of Intestinal Protozoa among Children and Adults in Los Angeles

A number of reports have been published from California which give the incidence of intestinal protozoan infection in hospital patients and in groups examined in medical practice who were suspected of having gastro-intestinal symptoms (see Barrow (1924), Kofoid (1926), Kessel and Mason (1930)). More recently, two reports have appeared from non-clinical groups, one by Johnstone, David and Reed (1933) on a group of prisoners from San Quentin and one by Iverson and Johnstone (1937) on food handlers from San Francisco. The present report records the results of examination2 of 2016 individuals, examined for purposes of survey alone, these persons exhibiting no gastro-intestinal symptoms for which they sought medical examination. They belong to three groups: (1), 585 adults seeking work as kitchen employees in the Los Angeles County Hospital; (2), 753 adult clinic patients seeking medical attention for conditions other than gastrointestinal in nature; (3), 678 children from a Los Angeles City Juvenile Detention Home.

Maladjustments of Adolescents

The past decade has witnessed a remarkable growth in the attention devoted to the problem child. The increased attention to maladjusted children is manifested in the lay world by the activities of legislative bodies, institutes of juvenile research, and other social agencies; in the field of education, by comprehensive investigations by departments of education of universities, the establishment of child-study clinics by boards of education in large cities, and the growing recognition by teachers and principals of the presence of problem cases in all schools and of the need for diagnosis and adjustment. Superintendents and principals who are abreast of modern educational procedure provide in their schools for the systematic study of special cases and adjust classroom methods and materials to meet the needs. Nevertheless, the extreme problem child-the social delinquent-still furnishes a very grave challenge to the public school.' This article presents the results of a study of a large group of extreme problem cases in a large city and its environs. The group investigated was the pupil body of the Juvenile Detention School of Chicago during four months of the year 1928. The pupils in this school are the delinquent children apprehended in Chicago and the surrounding territory and a comparatively small number of dependent children. The pupils live in the Juvenile Detention Home and attend the school until their cases are settled. The dependent children are placed in private homes or in institutions by the Juvenile Court. The delinquent children are committed to correctional institutions by the Juvenile Court, dismissed by the Court, or released by police or probation officers. The period of detention for the individual boy or girl varies from a few days to two months or more, the average being approximately two weeks. i Dorothy Wallace, Problem of the Quasi-Delinquent in the School, Mental Hygiene, VIII (January, 1924), 115-65. 679

The Juvenile Detention Home in Relation to Juvenile Court Policy: A Study of Intake in the Cook County Chicago Juvenile Detention Home. Savilla Millis

Previous articleNext article FreePublic DocumentsThe Juvenile Detention Home in Relation to Juvenile Court Policy: A Study of Intake in the Cook County Chicago Juvenile Detention Home. Savilla Millis PDFPDF PLUS Add to favoritesDownload CitationTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints Share onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail SectionsMoreDetailsFiguresReferencesCited by Social Service Review Volume 1, Number 3Sep., 1927 Article DOIhttps://doi.org/10.1086/630293 Views: 1Total views on this site PDF download Crossref reports no articles citing this article.

Study of One Hundred and Thirty-One Delinquent Girls Held at the Juvenile Detention Home in Chicago, 1917

Study of One Hundred and Thirty-One Delinquent Girls Held at the Juvenile Detention Home in Chicago, 1917

The Juvenile Psychopathic Institute of Chicago

To the Editor: —I venture to call the attention of your readers to the Juvenile Psychopathic Institute of Chicago. Its conception was due to a number of happy influences, its realization largely to the acumen and unselfish work of Miss Julia Lathrop. In April, 1909, the institute was opened, its avowed object being to investigate, to ascertain if possible, the causes of delinquency in children. Naturally, the best field for the work of research was that presented by the Juvenile Court and the Juvenile Detention Home in connection with it, and fortunately the county officials were willing. My reasons for this communication are: Medical men should know, first, that such work has been and is being done. Second, that a large proportion of juvenile repeaters (the average age at the institute has been 16 years) are defectives (mentally or physically), epileptics, etc. Third, they should know something of the practical