Abstract
ObjectiveThe present study evaluated the reliability and concurrent validity of the new Tanaka B Intelligence Scale, which is an intelligence test that can be administered on groups within a short period of time.MethodsThe new Tanaka B Intelligence Scale and Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition were administered to 81 subjects (mean age ± SD 15.2±0.7 years) residing in a juvenile detention home; reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and concurrent validity was assessed using the one-way analysis of variance intraclass correlation coefficient. Moreover, receiver operating characteristic analysis for screening for individuals who have a deficit in intellectual function (an FIQ<70) was performed. In addition, stratum-specific likelihood ratios for detection of intellectual disability were calculated.ResultsThe Cronbach’s alpha for the new Tanaka B Intelligence Scale IQ (BIQ) was 0.86, and the intraclass correlation coefficient with FIQ was 0.83. Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated an area under the curve of 0.89 (95% CI: 0.85–0.96). In addition, the stratum-specific likelihood ratio for the BIQ≤65 stratum was 13.8 (95% CI: 3.9–48.9), and the stratum-specific likelihood ratio for the BIQ≥76 stratum was 0.1 (95% CI: 0.03–0.4). Thus, intellectual disability could be ruled out or determined.ConclusionThe present results demonstrated that the new Tanaka B Intelligence Scale score had high reliability and concurrent validity with the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Third Edition score. Moreover, the post-test probability for the BIQ could be calculated when screening for individuals who have a deficit in intellectual function. The new Tanaka B Intelligence Test is convenient and can be administered within a variety of settings. This enables evaluation of intellectual development even in settings where performing intelligence tests have previously been difficult.
Highlights
If delayed intellectual development in a child remains unnoticed and proper care is not received in a timely manner, maladjustment in society, loss of self-esteem, and behavioral problems may occur [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]
The clinical utility of the new Tanaka B Intelligence Scale as a screening scale for individuals who have a deficit in intellectual function [Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)-III full intelligence quotient (FIQ) less than 70] was evaluated
stratum-specific likelihood ratio (SSLR), Stratum-specific likelihood rations; 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), 95% confidence interval; BIQ = The new Tanaka B Intelligence Scale IQ; FIQ = Full IQ. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0100262.t002
Summary
If delayed intellectual development in a child remains unnoticed and proper care is not received in a timely manner, maladjustment in society, loss of self-esteem, and behavioral problems may occur [1,2,3,4,5,6,7]. In child-rearing and educational settings, providing services adjusted to the cognitive characteristics of a child, including intellectual development, is important. Individually assessing intellectual development adequately and with flexibility in many settings is desired. The WISC uses special test equipment, is administered on individuals, and in addition to overall intelligence, it can assess abilities in several domains, including verbal and performance IQ. The short form is similar to the full test in that it can only be performed on individuals, and requires special test equipment as well as experience in administering the test. In settings where there are many individuals suspected of having ID, but a relative lack of specialists in ID or mental health, such as in justice facilities, it is impractical to perform individual intelligence tests on individuals within an entire group. Convenient intelligence tests or simple screening scales become more attractive
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