Jute Polyester Composites Research Articles

Impact of stacking sequence on vibration damping and viscoelastic behavior of woven jute sustainable composite

The potential adoption of sustainable materials as replacements for traditional technological materials, whose production depends on the consumption of non-renewable resources like oil, coal, or natural gas, presents a global issue. Natural resources provide an appealing foundation for reconsidering and, in certain instances, optimising modern manufacturing while also making it sustainable. This study focuses on the impact of the number of layers on the viscoelastic behaviour and vibration damping of a sustainable jute-woven reinforced composite. Five types of samples were prepared using compression moulding technique i.e., Neat Resin (NRC), 2 layer(2WJPC),3 layer(3WJPC), 4 layer(4WJPC) and 5 layers (5WJPC). The findings showed that the 4-layer woven jute-polyester composite has the highest natural frequency (4WJPC) and it is about 40% higher than that of matrix material. The lowest measured damping ratio in the DMA test was found in the 5-layer woven jute polyester composite (5WJPC) at 5 Hz frequency. The woven jute mat composite can be employed as a sustainable damping material for low-cost structures, according to the aforementioned results.

The Mechanical properties and statistical analysis of the Charpy impact test using the Weibull distribution in jute-polyester and glass-polyester composites

In recent years, the use of natural fiber composites to provide a possible replacement for synthetic fiber composites for practical applications has been the subject of several studies. This study deals with the fabrication and investigation of jute-polyester composites and the comparison of it with glass-polyester composites. The static mechanical properties of the composites is obtained by testing the composite lamina for tensile and flexural strength. The dynamic mechanical properties of the composites is determined by using the Charpy impact test. By the Williams method based on the principle of linear elastic fracture mechanics, the impact toughness of the composites is deduced. The experimental results were statistically analyzed by using the Weibull theory to better understand the impact behavior of the composites. It is found that the glass-polyester composite has better properties than the jute-polyester composite.

Physico-Mechanical Properties of Industrial Tea Waste Reinforced Jute Unsaturated Polyester Composites

The industrial tea waste reinforced jute polyester composites (ITW-JPC) were prepared by hand lay-up method for six different wt% (0%, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15%) at 115˚C temperature. The effect of industrial tea waste filler on mechanical, physical, structural, and thermal properties in jute polyester composites were evaluated. It is found that tensile strength and flexural strength improved continuously with increasing filler loading up to 9wt% but decreased at 12wt% due to weak interfacial bonding and irregular distribution of filler and matrix. The maximum value of elongation at break (%) and Rockwell hardness were found in 0wt% and 15wt% composites respectively. The hardness increases when the resistance of the materials to the deformation increases. It is seen that water absorption and soil degradation are enhanced for all composites with the accumulation of filler content and time. The structural examination and functional group identification were investigated by using Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) analysis. Thermal analysis of ITW-JPC showed that thermal degradation of composites started almost at the same time and the degradation of composites was occurring in three stages. Surface morphology and interfacial properties such as internal cracks, and fiber pull-out were examined through scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analysis.

Study of effects of weathering on natural fiber composites

Composite materials are known to have many advantages and they can be used in the manufacture of a wide variety of products which make them commercially valuable. However, they may come into contact with various conditions that might lead to weathering. Weathering might lead to discoloration, decrease in durability, decline in mechanical properties and decrease in mass in composites. Hence, it is paramount to study the effects of weathering on composites before they are used in service. For this study, wood polyester composite (WPC), jute polyester composite (JPC) and coir polyester composite (CPC) were fabricated and subjected to four weathering tests - water ageing test at room temperature, water immersion test at 100°C, exposure to external environment and exposure to UV rays. It was seen that CPC samples subjected to water ageing at room temperature and immersion at 100°C showed comparatively higher water absorption rate than the WPC and JPC samples as coir fibres in CPC are hollow at the centremost region. JPC and CPC also turned whitish after 24 hours of water ageing. However, exposing the samples to the environment for a period of 144 hours did not show any significant change in the sample. It was also found that the tensile strength of all the composites decreased after being exposed to UV rays in a QUV spray weathering tester. Additionally, the mechanical properties of the composites were also modelled with analytical techniques (Halphin Tsai method) and FEM analysis and the results were found to be analogous.

Acoustic and thermal performance of sustainable fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite panels for insulation in buildings

Acoustic and thermal insulation are major issues to be considered in buildings' construction to meet the overall comfort conditions indoors and fulfill the energy-efficiency approaches. This work aimed to investigate the acoustic and thermal insulation performance of sustainable thermoplastic sandwich composite panels to be used in floor systems in buildings. Three types of recycled nonwoven fabrics were used in composites reinforcement; jute, polyester and hybrid jute-polyester (80:20%) with polypropylene as the matrix. Compression molding technique was used in manufacturing of the composite panels with different reinforcement and matrix ratios. The acoustic insulation performance of sandwich composite panels was evaluated in terms of impact sound attenuation test. As well the thermal conductivity was determined and the thermal insulation behavior was investigated using infrared thermography. The results indicated that all composite samples showed increased impact sound reduction at low frequencies. Jute and hybrid jute-polyester composites recorded a decrease in impact sounds reduction at high frequencies, whereas polyester composites showed fluctuated behavior. Increasing the reinforcement and matrix ratios enhanced impact sound reduction for jute composites at high frequencies, and for hybrid jute-polyester composites in the mid and high frequencies. The impact sound reduction index ΔLw values of all composites ranged between 12 and 21 dB. Furthermore, samples PJ and PT produced with 1-layer of reinforcement showed the lowest thermal conductivity and higher resistivity values compared to all samples. The polyester composites were the least samples to gain heat temperature after 60 min, and they exhibited the highest temperature difference compared to jute and hybrid jute-polyester composites.

Impact of different layers on physico-mechanical criteria of jute fabrics polyester composites

ABSTRACT As a natural fibre, jute has great demand in diversified areas. For the aesthetic view in furniture, jute fabrics are getting importance by the manufacturer as well as the user. For this reason, jute fabrics reinforcing composites are developed using jute fabrics with different types of matrix materials to enhance their performance based on their end use. The present research aims to predict the physical and mechanical criteria of different layer jute polyester composites. Different layers composites were prepared by incorporating the jute fabrics into unsaturated polyester resin along with hardener by the easy hand lay-up technique at room temperature and humidity conditions. Physico-mechanical criteria, water uptake in distilled water, dimensional stability, and analysis of fracture surface for 2-layer, 4-layer, and 6-layer jute polyester composites were carried out. The composite renders noteworthy cost, ensure appropriate strength and enhance environment-friendly characteristics. The jute fibre content in the composites is optimised with the extent of mechanical criteria. Composites with 6-layer jute had higher physico-mechanical criteria compared to other layered jute polyester composites. However, 2-layer jute fabric composite was more sustainable according to cost. Thus, there is a wide application of this jute composite, particularly, furniture, interior design material of the kitchen.

Development of Jute Fabric for Jute-Polyester Biocomposite considering Structure–Property Relationship

ABSTRACT An attempt has been made to investigate the effect of jute fabric structure, e.g., woven (plain, twill, matte), knitted, and nonwoven (parallel, cross, random laid) as reinforcement, on properties of the jute-polyester composite. The composite sheet was prepared with unsaturated polyester resin and jute fabric by hand lay-up technique using a male-female type mold. Tensile, flexural, impact, and water absorption properties of composite were measured. With the best composite based on properties, compression, shear, and hardness were also measured. Random laid nonwoven shows maximum tensile and impact strength but twill fabric produces maximum flexural strength. Matte fabric shows higher strength and lower elongation among the woven fabrics under experiment. Impact resistance and water absorption of composite from multi-layer fabric are higher compared to single-layer fabric. Composite from twill fabric shows maximum water penetration, whereas random laid nonwoven shows the lowest in similar condition. The study reveals that composite from knitted fabric is better than woven fabric but inferior to nonwoven fabric so far as mechanical properties are concerned. So, multi-layered needle punched jute nonwoven fabric from random laid web is recommended for jute-polyester composite, where higher tensile and impact strength with lower water absorption is required.

Experimental investigation of mechanical properties of Jute-Ramie fibres reinforced with epoxy hybrid composites

The composite manufacturing has been a wide area of research and it is the preferred choice due to its superior properties like low density, stiffness, light weight and possesses better mechanical properties. This has found its wide applications in aerospace, automotive, marine and sporting industries. There has been continuous lookout for synthesizing composites without compromising on the mechanical and physical properties. In this research, fiber reinforced composites were prepared with jute fibers of fiber length 5–6 mm. The resins used in this study are polyester and epoxy. The composites were synthesized at 18:82 fiber-resin weight percentages. The prepared composites were tested to study the mechanical properties of the composite such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and hardness. The results show that the jute-ramie fiber reinforced epoxy composite exhibited 30% weight improvement in mechanical properties than Jute-polyester composite.

Characterization, weathering and modeling of natural fibre based composites

Natural fibre based composite materials find their use in the manufacture of a large number of products and this makes them commercially valuable. In this study, a hybrid 3 ply jute/coir-epoxy composite was used to study the effect of natural fibres on the mechanical properties of the composites. Mechanical testing revealed that the properties enhanced with increasing fibre content as the stronger fibres contribute to a stronger and stiffer composite. Additionally, analytical analysis using the Halpin-Tsai method was employed to calculate elastic constants of the composites. Comparative analysis revealed better properties for hybrid composites than single fibre (jute or coir) composites due to the additive properties added by the two fibres. Moreover, increasing the fibre content led to the enhancement of the elastic constants except Poisson’s ratio which decreased with increasing fibre loading. Finite element modelling using ANSYS was simulated for tensile and flexural loading conditions for a 3 ply jute/coir/jute–epoxy composite (oriented 0°/90°/0°). It was found that the modelling results correlated well with the experimental results for 15 wt% fibre content in the composites. Composite materials since they are widely used, they may come into contact with harsh environmental conditions that may cause weathering. Hence weathering studies were conducted to study the water absorption at room temperature and under boiling conditions. It was found that the composites with lime sludge filler material had a higher water absorption rate than the jute and wood dust reinforced polyester composites. This was due to presence of CaCO3 which is a good water absorbent in lime sludge filler material. Moreover, jute fibres being hollow in nature, absorbed more water than wood dust with increasing time leading to more water absorption in case of jute-polyester composites than wood-polyester composites.

Lengthwise jute fibre properties variation and its effect on jute–polyester composite

In this study, the jute reeds were equally divided lengthwise from root to tip in three portions namely root, middle and tip. The fibre diameter, fineness, tensile strength and bundle strength of the three portion jute were evaluated and compared. Unidirectional composites containing about 35(wt/wt)% jute fibre by weight were produced in unsaturated polyester resin matrix. The effect of fibre property variation in composite’s mechanical properties was studied. Tensile and flexural properties of composites made from three portions of jute reed were studied. It was observed that tensile and flexural strength of root portion based composites are 44% and 35% higher than tip portion based composites. Tensile and flexural modulus of tip portion based composites is 18% and 17% higher than root portion based composites.

Effect of Fiber Content and Post Stress on Moisture Absorption of Jute Polyester Composite

Polymer composites have gained much more attention because of their lightweight, low cost, ease of fabrication, corrosion resistance, wear property etc. In this regard, natural fiber became very popular because of its biodegradability. The moisture absorption of the natural fiber reinforced polymer composites, however, causes many adverse effects on their mechanical properties as well as on long-term performance. This moisture absorbing tendency limits their uses in many engineering applications also. In this research work jute polyester composites containing 5, 10 and 15wt% jute fiber were fabricated in hand lay-up method applying various post-stress conditions and then moisture absorption tests were carried out on prepared samples. It has been found that for unstressed composites, water absorption increased linearly with increasing jute fiber content. Interestingly, with an increase in post-stress, water absorption decreased. In this regard, better results were found for composites containing a higher proportion of jute fibers.

Studies on thermo-mechanical properties of chemically treated jute-polyester composite

The effect of chemical treatments on jute-polyester composites is studied in this paper. The jute fabrics are chemically treated with NaOH and benzoyl chloride and its tensile and visco-elastic properties are compared with untreated jute composite. The NaOH treated jute-polyester composite show superior tensile strength and modulus compared to other jute-polyester composites. The glass transition temperature obtained from DMA shift to higher temperature for composites in comparison to polyester resin, this is due to restriction of mobility in chains due to introduction of jute reinforcement. The DMA results also show favourable results towards NaOH treatment i.e. higher storage modulus and lower tan δ values relative to untreated jute-polyester composite. The benzoyl treated jute-polyester composite however do not show promising results which may be attributed to the fact that the adhesion properties associated with similar ester functional groups in the benzoyl treated jute fabric and polyester resin were not obtained.

Effect of Gamma Radiation on the Properties of Jute Reinforced Polyester Matrix Composites

The interest in fiber-reinforced polymer composites is growing rapidly due to its high performance in terms of mechanical properties, significant processing advantages, excellent chemical resistance, low cost, and low density. In the present work, hessian jute cloth, were used to prepare jute-polyester composites by hand lay-up and heat press molding techniques. The Jute fabrics were also treated with irradiated under gamma radiation (The source strength 50 kCi Cobalt-60) of various doses (2 kGy to 9 kGy). It was found that by using gamma radiation, the mechanical properties of these composites were improved and at 5 kGy doses all the composite structures shows the best mechanical properties. The increase in tensile properties of jute with increasing gamma radiation dose may be due to the intercross-linking between the neighboring cellulose molecules, which resulted in the strength of natural fibre. It was observed that tensile properties increase with gamma pretreatment up to a certain limit and then decrease due to the two opposing phenomena, namely, photocross-linking and photodegradation that took place simultaneously under gamma radiation.

A Study on the Mechanical Behaviors of Jute-polyester Composites

In the present exposition, coupon specimens extracted from jute-polyester laminates fabricated by the hand layup method combined with compression molding are subjected to tensile, compression and flexural tests in a UTM. Next a novel hybrid jute-steel composite is studied under similar conditions. It is shown that the gap in tensile strengths in warp and weft directions found in plain jute laminates is perceptibly reduced in their hybrid jute counterparts. Also, hybrid jute laminates have substantive residual tensile strengths on reaching peak strengths as compared to plain jute-polyester composites which fail abruptly, i.e. in a brittle manner, on reaching peak strength. Additionally, hybrid jute composites displayed higher tensile modulus and flexural stiffness, and consistent compressive strength as compared to plain jute-polyester composite laminates. It is shown that improvement in moisture resistance is an additional advantage of hybrid jute laminates.

Experimental Investigations on Mechanical Properties Of Jute Fiber Reinforced Composites with Polyester and Epoxy Resin Matrices

The composite manufacturing has been a wide area of research and it is the preferred choice due to its superior properties like low density, stiffness, light weight and possesses better mechanical properties. This has found its wide applications in aerospace, automotive, marine and sporting industries. There has been continuous lookout for synthesizing composites without compromising on the mechanical and physical properties. In this research, fiber reinforced composites were prepared with jute fibers of fiber length 5-6mm. The resins used in this study are polyester and epoxy. The composites were synthesized at 18:82 fiber-resin weight percentages. The prepared composites were tested to study the mechanical properties of the composite such as tensile strength, flexural strength, impact strength and hardness. The results show that the jute reinforced epoxy composite exhibited better mechanical properties than Jute-polyester composite.

Thermomechanical properties of alkali treated jute‐polyester/nanoclay biocomposites fabricated by VARTM process

AbstractA systematic study was carried out to investigate the effect of alkali treatment and nanoclay on thermomechanical properties of jute fabric reinforced polyester composites (JPC) fabricated by the vacuum‐assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) process. Using mechanical mixing and sonication process, 1% and 2% by weight montmorillonite K10 nanoclay were dispersed into B‐440 premium polyester resin to fabricate jute fabric reinforced polyester nanocomposites. The average fiber volume was determined to be around 40% and void fraction was reduced due to the surface treatment as well as nanoclay infusion in these biocomposites. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) revealed enhancement of dynamic elastic/plastic responses and glass transition temperature (Tg) in treated jute polyester composites (TJPC) and nanoclay infused TJPC compared with those of untreated jute polyester composites (UTJPC). Alkali treatment and nanoclay infusion also resulted in enhancement of mechanical properties of JPC. The maximum flexural, compression, and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) properties were found in the 1 wt % nanoclay infused TJPC. Fourier transform‐infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) revealed strong interaction between the organoclay and polyester that resulted in enhanced thermomechanical properties in the composites. Lower water absorption was also observed due to surface treatment and nanoclay infusion in the TJPC. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013

Determining the minimum, critical and maximum fibre content for twisted yarn reinforced plant fibre composites

Abstract The effect of fibre volume fraction on the physical and tensile properties of aligned plant fibre composites (PFCs) produced via vacuum infusion has been investigated. There is no clear correlation between fibre volume fraction and porosity. However, low fibre content PFCs are prone to intra-yarn voids, while high fibre content PFCs are prone to inter-yarn voids. This is due to changing resin flow dynamics with increasing fibre content. The tensile behaviour of PFCs with increasing fibre content is similar to that of conventional fibre reinforced plastics (FRPs). Interestingly, the non-linear stress–strain response of plant fibres has been transferred to the composites. Fibre content and tensile properties are found to be linearly related, as per the rule of mixtures. A void content of up to 4% is found to have minimal effect on the tensile properties of PFCs. The minimum and critical ( v f , crit ) fibre volume fractions for aligned flax and jute–polyester composites are found to be substantially higher than conventional aligned FRPs; v f , crit for jute–polyester and carbon–polyester is 8.1% and 2.4%, respectively. A simple model has also been developed to approximate the theoretical maximum obtainable fibre volume fraction of PFCs reinforced with staple fibre yarns. The absolute theoretical maximum fibre content is found to be 58.9%, which agrees with experimental values in literature. A high v f , crit (∼10%) and low v f , max (∼45%) implies that the range of useful fibre volume fractions for PFCs containing staple fibre twisted yarns is only 35%.

The Mechanical Properties of γ-Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane-treated Jute/Polyester Composites

In this study, jute/polyester composites were fabricated. To improve the adhesion between jute fabric and polyester alkali-treated jute fabrics were treated with γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (γ-MPS). The effect of silane concentrations (0.1%, 0.3%, and 0.5%) on tensile properties, flexural properties, and interlaminar shear strength was investigated. Once jute fabrics were treated with 0.1% and 0.3% silane concentrations, the tensile properties of silane-treated jute polyester composites increased. However, when 0.5% γ-MPS was used in silane treatment, the tensile properties of jute/polyester composites decreased. 0.3% silane-treated jute/polyester composites exhibited superior improvements in terms of the flexure properties among the fabricated composites. Interlaminar shear strength measurements showed that best adhesion was provided by using 0.3% silane-treated jute/polyester composites. Good adhesion between silane-treated jute fabric and polyester was also confirmed by scanning electron microscope observations.

Mechanical Characterization of Carpet Waste Natural Fiber-reinforced Polymer Composites

This investigation deals with the property characterization of polymeric composites from abundantly available and renewable jute fibers. The aim of this article is to explore the possibility of using carpet waste jute yarn for value added fiber-reinforced composite materials and to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of these low-cost composites. Jute yarn was treated with 25 wt% NaOH solution to improve fiber—matrix interface. NaOH-treated jute yarn was crimpier, bulkier, more hairy, and flexible. The investigation of the mechanical properties of composites was performed as a function of yarn type, reinforcement form, matrix type, alkali treatment, and fiber content. For this purpose, the tensile, flexural and charpy impact tests were performed. It was found that composite samples from alkali treated reinforcement had better mechanical properties based on the investigated parameters. SEM analyses showed that alkali treatment improves bonding across the fiber—matrix interface. Jute—epoxy composites showed better tensile and flexural strength in comparison to jute—polyester composites, whereas impact strength of epoxy matrix composites were almost half that of polyester matrix composites. Composites from double ply jute yarns showed better flexural strength. Taking into account the reinforcement form, jute composites from random reinforcement form showed higher tensile strength and modulus. The study strongly suggests that the jute fiber waste-reinforced polymer composite materials are quite capable to serve as a potential cost effective, technologically viable, and attractive substitute to the conventional glass fiber composites.

Novel low-cost jute-polyester composites. III. Weathering and thermal behavior

Jute–polyester composites were fabricated with untreated (control) and bleached slivers with 60% loading of fiber by weight and were designated as JPH(C) and JPH(B), respectively. Both types of composite specimens were subjected to water absorption and outdoor weathering tests to assess their relative performance under environmental conditions. While both composites showed low water absorption, JPH(B) showed lesser water absorption (8.48%) than did JPH(C) (12.25%). The mechanical properties like tensile and flexural strengths were measured for both the weathered and unweathered specimens and compared. The tensile strength of JPH(C) and JPH(B) decreased while the tensile modulus increased after weathering. The flexural strength, moduli, and ILSS of the weathered specimens were less than those of the unweathered ones. The nature of the fiber–matrix adhesion could be established from these results. The cause of every observation is explained. Thermal analyses (TG/DTG and DSC) of the composite specimens were also done. The overall thermal stability of JPH(C) was found to be better than that of JPH(B). © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 1671–1679, 2000