Justification Procedure Research Articles

Fuzzy Conjoint Need Assessment Method for Model Development Justification

This paper proposes a Fuzzy Conjoint Need Assessment Method (FCNAM) procedure for model development justification. The failure to select the analysis method and neglect the data when completing the needs assessment, before developing a model, leads to incorrect implementation of the justification. There is a misunderstanding in the requirements analysis, and certain elements that should be considered in the model's design and development may be overlooked. Therefore, as an alternative method in the model development justification procedure, the fuzzy conjoint analysis method together with the triangular fuzzy number is used as a data analysis medium in the need assessment survey. As an implementation and evaluation of the FCNAM procedure, a need assessment survey involving 53 mathematics teachers was conducted to justify the need for the development of a student's mathematics problem-solving ability (SMPSA) measurement model. This procedure is proven to comply with the guideline need assessment, which is to successfully confirm gaps related to mathematics problem-solving ability, describe the perspective of teachers as users and practitioners of the proposed model and synthesize the level of development needs of the model involved. This paper contributes knowledge about the application of the triangular fuzzy number-based conjoint method in perception surveys and introduces a more effective model development justification procedure.

К РЕШЕНИЮ ЗАДАЧИ КОЛИЧЕСТВЕННОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ В СИСТЕМАХ ТЕПЛОСНАБЖЕНИЯ

The quantitative regulation of the heat supply process has a number of significant advantages and is widely used abroad. This method of regulation is also used in the Russian Federation. At the same time, the algorithmization of quantitative regulation is currently still quite problematic and requires further development. For example, the literature data on the algorithm proposed by E.Ya. Sokolov are characterized by the “omission” of the procedures of inference and justification, which is particularly undesirable for educational applications. In addition, the algorithm does not work across the entire range of thermal loads (outside temperatures). Purpose of the study. To develop an algorithm for quantitative regulation in terms of its subsequent use as part of the algorithmic support of an automated control system (ACS) for heat supply. Materials and methods. Literature data on the issue under consideration was analyzed. Using models of heating systems and heat losses of buildings, we compiled a balance equation that makes it possible to find the necessary coolant flow for heating. Results. A detailed substantiation and derivation of the algorithm for quantitative regulation of heat supply according to the heating load is proposed, and its characteristics were analyzed. The conditions for the physical feasibility of heating are taken into account. The algorithm as a whole is represented by a two-interval formula; in the second range of outdoor temperatures, the heat carrier flow rate is calculated based on the condition that the return water temperature should be noticeably higher than the indoor air temperature of the heated premises. However, when regulating the heat carrier flow in the second interval, an overestimated power of the heating system will be observed, i. e. some overshoot is possible. It is shown that with an increase in the minimum allowable value of the return water temperature, the range of outdoor temperatures in which regulation is possible in the first interval (ideal regulation without overflow) noticeably narrows, and when the water temperature in the supply line decreases, conversely, it expands. Conclusion. The results of the work can be used to develop algorithmic support for automated control systems for heat supply.

Truth and Perspectives

Abstract This paper proposes a theoretical means of dealing with different perspectives on truth that cannot be resolved into a unified single perspective. Through the development of a dialectical understanding of truth, knowledge and justification, the three can be differentiated into a multitude of interrelations. The focus of this development will be on understanding truth via its relationship to knowledge. Both truth and knowledge will thereby be conceived of as dynamic and revisable. Truth could then be regarded as an accordance of knowledge, which provides the possibility of relating different perspectives on truth via the relationship of their contents of knowledge and their procedures of justification. These relativisations should not give rise to relativism or skepticism but build upon existing structures of reasoning and justification.

DEVELOPMENT OF CRITICAL THINKING OF PUPILS AND STUDENTS DURING DISTANCE EDUCATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF WAR

The article reveals the peculiarities of the development of critical thinking among students (both pupils and students) during distance learning in war conditions. It was determined that critical thinking is conscious, independent, reflective, purposeful, grounded, controlled and self-organized thinking, which consists of general methodological principles and strategies, a wide range of evaluation and justification procedures. It was found that the development of critical thinking not only helps students when working with information at school, but also creates a basis for the formation of logical thinking and reasoning. It is proven that the formation of critical thinking in students is based on the ability to show the individuality and uniqueness of everyone, to increase the flexibility of thinking, to formulate judgments and questions. It is established that management of the process of formation of critical thinking and development of pupils’ and students’ abilities presupposes, first of all, obtaining information about their real and potential levels. It was determined that the ability to develop critical thinking, to make independent and rational decisions, to learn throughout life are the main features that an education seeker should acquire. In the course of the study, it was established that the role of information and communication technologies in the process of distance learning in war conditions is especially important, because now only with their help do students of education, both pupils and students, develop critical thinking. It has been proven that in today’s conditions, critical thinking among students, both pupils and students, is formed with the help of such electronic educational platforms as Google Workspace, Google Classroom, New Knowledge, HUMAN.UA and online communication services and tools (Zoom, Skype, Team), basic Google services (Gmail, Calendar, Meet, Jamboard, Chat, Hangouts), YouTube platform.

Discussing Subsidiarity in Terms of Justification

This article attempts to study the inter-institutional dimension of the practical implementation of the subsidiarity principle in the EU legislative process. The main research question is whether the subsidiarity principle could be a real communicative tool in the EU’s multi-level regulation policy used to seek consensus between EU institutions and national parliaments on the justification of an appropriate level for EU actions (subsidiarity justification). The short answer is ‘yes’. Through the content analysis of the published documents and with the help of the theory of deliberation, the author argues for a subsidiarity justification procedure occurring at the beginning of each instance of the EU legislative process to provide an inter-institutional setting to move away from confirming (one-way) to deliberative (two-way) reasoning over the issue of potential subsidiarity violation in the EU legislative process.

Democracy and The Inter-American Court of Human Rights: Participation, Opposition and Access to Justice

El texto propone una guía para comprender la idea de democracia subyacente en el Sistema Interamericano de Derechos Humanos. Con base en la noción de poliarquía de Robert Dahl se destacan los principios de participación y oposición. Ambos revelan los ascendientes igualitario y liberal de la democracia que deben orientar la actividad interpretativa de la Corte IDH, más allá de que se traten específicamente casos de derechos políticos. El propósito es visibilizar el ineludible rol público-político de los tribunales. Ello implica revisar la calidad de sus razones, la corrección de sus procedimientos de justificación, y la naturaleza de su autoridad. Por el carácter de la función judicial, se analiza la idea de democracia en conjunción con el derecho humano de acceso a la justicia.

International comparison analysis of mathematics achievement for 4th grades using Sequential G-DINA model

본 연구는 다분 문항 반응 자료를 위한 순차적 G-DINA 모형의 적용 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 실제 자료인 TIMSS 2015 초등학교 4학년 수학 자료를 활용하여 국가 간 수학 성취도를 비교하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 TIMSS 2015 4학년 수학에 대한 단계형 Q행렬을 개발하여 내용 및 측정평가 전문가들의 검토와 순차적 G-DINA 모형에 적합한 통계적 타당화 절차를 거쳐 최종 Q행렬을 완성하였다. 연구 대상으로는 한국과 TIMSS 성취도 상위국에 해당하는 4개의 비교 국가가 포함되었다. 연구 결과, 첫째, 통계적 타당화 절차, 내용 및 측정평가 전문가들의 검토를 통해 자료에 보다 적합한 Q행렬을 완성하였고, 둘째, 다분 문항 반응 자료가 지니는 부분점수에 의한 정보를 소실하지 않고 각 단계별 문항 모수를 산출하여 보다 상세한 정보를 확보하였다. 셋째, SG-DINA 모형에 의한 국가별 비교 분석을 통해 국가별로 학생의 수학 성취 향상을 위해 필요한 인지요소를 파악하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로 다분 인지진단모형의 적용 활성화, 향수 수학 교육과정 개선의 필요성을 시사점으로 도출하였다.This study compares mathematics achievements between countries using TIMSS 2015 elementary school 4th grade mathematics data, which are actual data, to confirm the applicability of the sequential G-DINA model for multi-item response data. To this end, a step-by-step Q matrix was developed for TIMSS 2015 4th grade mathematics, and the final Q matrix was completed through review of content and measurement evaluation experts, and a statistical justification procedure suitable for the sequential G-DINA model. The subjects of this study included Korea and four comparative countries, which are the top countries in TIMSS achievement. As a result of the study, first, through the review of statistical validation procedures, content, and measurement evaluation experts, a more suitable Q matrix could be completed, and second, the information by the partial score of the multi-item response data was not lost and each step More detailed information could be provided by calculating the item parameters. Third, through the comparative analysis of each country using the SG-DINA model, it was possible to identify the cognitive factors necessary for improving the student s mathematics achievement by country.

Assessment of the personnel reliability indicators during long-term operation of a nuclear power plant unit

The purpose of the work is to form and discuss the key components of the methodology to obtain the quantitative indicators of the personnel reliability based on the actual long-term operation experience data for a particular power unit. The timeliness of this work and similar studies is based on a simple judgment that the personnel reliability performance at similar units, in the best case, and in associated industries, in the worst case, that is, the reliability of personnel at other industrial facilities, is used to justify the design when designing power plant units. Accordingly, the obtained safety assessments with respect to personnel have nothing to do with the facility the safety of which is justified. This requires respective methods and procedures to update the safety criteria with regard for the actual operation experience, as a minimum, based on the actual reliability of the NPP unit personnel. The key components are presented for shaping the methodology to obtain the quantitative indicators of the personnel reliability based on data of the unit’s long-term actual operation experience. Recommendations and explanations are provided for each of the methodology’s key components, namely: an information model of the methodology, the key indicators and other components are provided. The timeliness of the methodology development is explained making it possible to obtain quantitative indicators based on the nuclear plant unit’s operation experience. An additional methodology is presented to assess the safety of nuclear power plants. A unique notional definition of the nuclear plant personnel reliability, and the procedures to justify the power unit safeguards with regard for the human factor aspects have been proposed. An information model of the methodology is provided and the prospects of its application to improve the safety justification procedure for various components of the nuclear plant units are described. To conclude with, ways are presented for the further evolution of the proposed methodology, and the scope of the methodology and the expected positive effect from its application are described.

Inclusion of Aircraft Crash into NPP Design Bases and Probabilistic Justification of Loads on Civil Structures and Equipment

The article is about nuclear power plant (NPP) safety analysis in case of aircraft crash. Specifically, the article considers the following problems: inclusion of aircraft crash into NPP design bases regarding calculation of frequency of an aircraft crash into NPP; aspects of justification of loads on NPP structures, systems and components (SSCs) caused by mechanical action of a primary missile – aircraft fuselage impact.
 Probabilistic characteristics of such random parameters as frequency of aircraft crash and direction of aircraft trajectory are determined by the results of analysis of world statistics of aviation accidents. Method of calculation of aircraft crash frequency on structures, buildings and NPP as a whole is presented. It takes into account options of accidental and intentional aircraft crashes and various aircraft approach scenarios.
 Procedure of probabilistic justification of loads on civil structures under aircraft impact is described. The loads are specified so as not to exceed allowable value of failure probability of NPP as a whole. Calculation of failure frequency of civil structures of existing NPP is given as an example to show analysis in case of a crash of an aircraft heavier than considered in NPP design.
 Procedure of probabilistic justification of dynamic loads on NPP equipment in case of aircraft impact is described. Method of floor response spectra (FRS) calculation with the required non-exceedance probability is given. Probabilistically justified loads in case of intentional aircraft impact (act of terrorism) are also considered. Additionally it is presented how internal forces calculated with the use of FRS with the required non-exceedance probability can be summed to provide analysis of subsystems.

Methodical and organizational aspects in designing sanitary protection zones for a group of enterprises or industrial centers as a toll for complex atmospheric air quality assessment

Introduction. Sanitary legislation of the Russian Federation provides for the organization of sanitary protection zones of industrial enterprises located in the industrial hub. However, the justification procedure, establishing and monitoring boundaries of a single sanitary zones not fully resolved. This determines the practice of organization by economic entities of individual zones separating production from residential development. This situation complicates the adequate assessment of real pollution, as well as the reasonable development of programs (plans) of environmental measures. Identification of the sources that create poor air quality and public health risks is becoming extremely problematic.The aim of the study is to develop and test recommendations for the organization and methodological support of the design of a single sanitary protection zone of a group of enterprises in the current urban development.Materials and methods. The object of the study is an industrial hub formed by 5 industrial enterprises and located on the territory of a large urban settlement with a population of more than 450 thousand people. The city administration carried out a number of organizational measures that ensured the simultaneous inventory of emissions of enterprises and the design of the general sanitary zone of the industrial complex. The design work was carried out in full accordance with the current regulatory framework.Results. The verified unified database of 102 sources of chemical emissions and 113 sources of noise provided the possibility of summary calculations and obtaining the most correct results for surface concentrations in the zone of influence of the industrial hub. The program of quality control of atmospheric air defining the contribution of each economic subject to carrying out researches is formed. This made it possible to ensure the control of all priority contaminants at the outer border of the sanitary zone and reduce the costs of each separate economic entity. Zones of responsibility of each enterprise within borders of a uniform sanitary zone for tasks of maintenance of the standard maintenance of the territory are allocated.Conclusions. The obtained results confirmed the feasibility of designing unified sanitary protection zones for economic entities located in the industrial hub.

On Dummett’s Pragmatist Justification Procedure

I show that propositional intuitionistic logic is complete with respect to an adaptation of Dummett's pragmatist justification procedure. In particular, given a pragmatist justification of an argument, I show how to obtain a natural deduction derivation of the conclusion of the argument from, at most, the same assumptions.

Nuevas aproximaciones lógico-racionales a las concepciones metodológicas clásicas en diseño gráfico

Los procesos de enseñanza, investigación y producción en el ámbito del diseño gráfico están aún signados por un “paradigma” conceptual que sobrevalora la dimensión intuitiva en lugar de las funciones lógicas de las disciplinas proyectuales. Esta investigación analiza los procesos racionales del diseñador en la etapa conceptual del proceso, donde se definen las cuestiones centrales del proyecto. Se considerarán como unidades de análisis los “materiales” (protocolos) generados por el diseñador (gráficos analógicos o digitales, pautas, análisis, textos, animaciones, diagramas) relacionándolos con los procesos de construcción de imágenes mentales y fundamentación o justificación lógica, a partir de los requerimientos y parámetros específicos en la situación de intervención. Se trata de una investigación analítica y empírica, utilizando las técnicas del “Análisis de Protocolo de Diseño (DPA)”, a partir de categorías teóricas derivadas de la dimensión cognitivo-representacional en el campo del diseño derivadas de la Teoría del Actor Red (ANT Theory). Como resultado de la investigación, se presenta una nueva imagen metodológica del diseño gráfico, con una dinámica lógico-racional en la que se juegan procesos y operaciones que pueden explicitarse conscientemente, debilitando así la hipótesis de la “caja negra” aún presente en las actividades de formación, investigación y gestión profesional.

Управление текучестью персонала промышленного предприятия: методический подход

Employee turnover is a certain form of the social and labor movement of personnel, caused by existence of an imbalance of interests of internal labor market subjects because of interaction of social and economic, social and psychological and other factors. Factors of employee turnover are presented by the phenomena directly or indirectly influencing emergence of employee turnover at the enterprise. Employee turnover reasons translate her from a potential state (predisposition to turnover) on active (readiness for turnover). Employee turnover motives are the workers’ discrepancy awareness of social and labor factor condition inducing him to dismissal. The developed concept considers management of employee turnover as process of identification, assessment and monitoring of internal and external factors which can affect the employee turnover in the industrial enterprise. The developed organizational and economic mechanism of employee turnover management in the industrial enterprise represents set of justification and adoption procedures of administrative decisions in the field of employee turnover management and includes three interconnected blocks: analytical and information, administrative decisions and practical.

A Human Right to Deliberative Justification

A core principle of liberal political theory is that citizens are owed a justification for public policies. But are noncitizens owed a justification for policies when their human rights are at stake? In this article, I explain what type of justification is owed to noncitizens, and I propose a principle for when policies must be justified. I argue that noncitizens have a moral human right to an actual, deliberative justification. Unlike other approaches, deliberative justification enables noncitizens to participate in justification procedures, it empowers them to contest public policies, and it is held in independent institutions. Since a concern about noncitizen justification is that there is no compelling standard for when policies must be justified, I propose a Human Rights Duty Principle. It improves upon the coercion, democratic origin, and all-affected interests principles for when justification is required.

P008] Dose management program: Long term results

Purpose The aim of this study was to describe and analyze a long term project of dose management from the beginning to results obtained. Methods and materials In late 2014 our radiology department in agreement with the hospital’s leadership decided to implement a dose management program with the help of a software (Dosewatch™) and a training program.The number of radiological equipments initially monitored were 2 CT, 1 CT-PET, 1 MX and 2 RX. It was created a dose team, made by a radiologist, a physicist (team leader) and a technician; the training program started at the beginning of 2015, regarded initially the 2 CT equipments, and was based on four topic elements: standardization of protocols used, justification on dose levels that exceeded a fixed dose threshold, optimization of acquisition protocols to decrease doses and communication of obtained results at the hospital community and to the public/patients. To actuate this program we defined an action plan in which it was clearly evident what to do, who is responsible for, and a date dead line for each step. Nowadays the dose management program is applied to four CT and one PET/CT equipments. Results The first step was to map the number of protocols that we used and to train all technicians about the dose alert justification procedure. This initial part had permitted to eliminate a certain number of “double” protocols and to mapped the remnant ones. From data analysis we noted that on one CT equipment the 3 protocols that were over DRL in terms of DLP and CTDI were Head, Thorax and Abdomen: the dose team decided to change acquisition protocol by lowering current and changing collimation. These protocols optimization led to a mean reduced doses of about 25% in terms both of DLP and CTDI. Conclusion Long term results in terms of dose reduction were very promising; moreover the most important things were the dose team creation and the implementation of a job methodology that could lead to optimize patients absorbed doses.

A pragmatist view on two accounts of the nature of our ‘connection’ with the past: Hayden White and David Carr thirty years later

Hayden White’s and David Carr’s most recent works can be viewed as a weakening of their earlier, more provocative stances emphasizing the core practical and ethical concerns involved in any consideration of the past. White’s distinction between the practical past and the historical past and Carr’s search for historical experience appear now to limit the practical consequences of their previous arguments. In this article, I consider John Dewey’s illuminating reflections on the pragmatist notion of the ‘practical’ and of ‘practical meaning’ in relation to the knowledge of the past (for contemporary philosophy of history in general and for the narrativist philosophy of history in particular). The meaning of our beliefs or ideas is understood and evaluated in terms of their practical consequences, where practical consequences do not mean utility but future procedures of justification.

Critical Thinking Skills Of Junior High School Female Students With High Mathematical Skills In Solving Contextual And Formal Mathematical Problems

Critical thinking is one of the most important skills of the 21st century in addition to other learning skills such as creative thinking, communication skills and collaborative skills. This is what makes researchers feel the need to conduct research on critical thinking skills in junior high school students. The purpose of this study is to describe the critical thinking skills of junior high school female students with high mathematical skills in solving contextual and formal mathematical problems. To achieve this is used qualitative research. The subject of the study was a female student of eight grade junior high school. The students’ critical thinking skills are derived from in-depth problem-based interviews using interview guidelines. Interviews conducted in this study are problem-based interviews, which are done by the subject given a written assignment and given time to complete. The results show that critical thinking skills of female high school students with high math skills are as follows: In solving the problem at the stage of understanding the problem used interpretation skills with sub-indicators: categorization, decode, and clarify meaning. At the planning stage of the problem-solving strategy is used analytical skills with sub-indicators: idea checking, argument identification and argument analysis and evaluation skills with sub indicators: assessing the argument. In the implementation phase of problem solving, inference skills are used with subindicators: drawing conclusions, and problem solving and explanatory skills with sub-indicators: problem presentation, justification procedures, and argument articulation. At the re-checking stage all steps have been employed self-regulatory skills with sub-indicators: self-correction and selfstudy.

Two Senses of Indian Theory of Polemics

The article identifies two senses of the theory of controversy developed in the traditional Indian culture - logical and religious-philosophical (metaphysical). The researchers didn’t ever rise the problem of their differentiation because Indian philosophers did it by default, and for the Western reader of their texts two consequences of the division - the use of logic for destruction of logic (as it was in the Madhyāmaka school), or fixation of rules for virtually endless justification procedure (as it was in Jaina dialectic) - look like absurdity. However, in India, the need of discursive thinking was recognized, but the ability of thinking was never treated as absolute, and rational methods were used for the formation of convictions in the truth of metaphysical super-rational theses. Two named meanings are discernible in such works as the Buddhist canonical text “Kathāvatthu” and as Jaina canonical text “Stānāṅga-sūtra”. The conjunction of the two senses of the controversy determined the lack of ideal of objective truth in Indian logic, and that conjunction became the premise of two Jaina dialectical concepts: syād-vāda and naya-vāda, which are the complements to ontological Jaina concept of anekānta-vāda. Not accidentally Umāsvāti, Kundakunda - the founders of Jaina philosophy - paid attention to the naya-vāda. The author analyses the logical structure of discussion from “Kathāvatthu”, where the reality of the empirical subject (ātman) is argued, and the contradictions in the teachings of the opponents of the substantiality of the soul (ātman) are showing.

Exercising Deliberative Agency in Deliberative Systems

At the heart of the ideal of deliberative democracy lies an emphasis on the political autonomy of citizens participating in procedures of public justification aimed at the promotion of the common good. The recent systemic turn in deliberative democracy has moved so far away from this ideal that it relegates the deliberations of citizens to a secondary matter, legitimising forms of rule that may even undermine the normative impulses central to the project of deliberative democracy. We critically discuss this theoretical development and show how deliberative agency can effectively be exercised in complex political systems. We argue, in particular, that political parties play a central role in facilitating the exercise of deliberative agency, fostering deliberation among citizens and linking their deliberations to decisions. Instead of giving up on the possibility that citizens participate in procedures of public justification, deliberative democrats should look to parties’ unique ability to enable deliberation.

On Dummett’s verificationist justification procedure

We examine the proof-theoretic verificationist justification procedure proposed by Dummett (1991). After some scrutiny, two distinct interpretations with respect to bases are advanced: the independent and the dependent interpretation. We argue that both are unacceptable as a semantics for propositional intuitionistic logic.