Distributive Justice Research Articles

Understanding how justice is considered in climate adaptation approaches: a qualitative review of climate adaptation plans

ABSTRACT Despite a growing focus on climate justice, prior research has revealed scant details about how marginalised groups have been engaged in local climate adaptation processes. This study aims to understand how justice is considered in these processes through a qualitative review of climate adaptation plans and related documents from US municipalities. We reviewed 101 plans published between 2010 and 2021 using the three-dimensional framework of recognitional, distributional, and procedural justice. Overall, our findings revealed a stronger focus on recognitional and distributional justice than procedural. Recognitional justice mainly focused on who is most vulnerable to climate change and how, with most plans adopting a similar understanding of vulnerability. Plans less frequently acknowledged how historical injustices contribute to vulnerability. Distributional justice was addressed through adaptation strategies across six areas (e.g. health and safety, buildings, green infrastructure, professional development, food, and transit), focusing greater attention on expanding existing programmes than new initiatives. Little attention was given to the potential negative impacts of proposed strategies. Procedural justice was mainly considered through one-off opportunities, rather than more extensive engagement in decision-making. Most plans lacked implementation considerations, for justice or otherwise, but when included, details mainly focused on who would be involved and not how strategies would be implemented. These findings provide an array of approaches to incorporate justice in adaptation planning and support several considerations for developing future plans.

Research on tourism spatial justice based on residents' perception: A case study on Babao Town of Qilian Mountain National Park (Qinghai area)

As an important nature reserve, national parks play an important role in tourism development, not only in helping residents find employment and maintain vitality, but also in recovering funds, natural education, and environmental protection. Therefore, in the development of national park tourism, it is necessary to adhere to the development concept of spatial justice to ensure the fairness of tourism development. Based on the theory of fairness preference, this paper divides tourism spatial justice into intentional justice, procedural justice, participatory justice, distributive justice, and resultant justice, and discusses the influence relationship between them. Through the questionnaire survey, 241 effective samples are obtained, the structural equation model of tourism spatial justice is constructed, and the path analysis and intermediary effect test are carried out. Research findings: (1) In the tourism spatial justice perception model, procedural justice, participatory justice, and distributive justice all have a significant positive impact on resultant justice, and the path coefficient of distributive justice is the largest. (2) On the path from intentional justice to resultant justice, procedural justice, and participation justice play an intermediary role respectively; Procedural justice and participatory justice, procedural justice and distributive justice play a chain intermediary role respectively. This study divided the dimensions of tourism spatial justice, incorporating participatory justice and distributive justice into traditional equity preference theory, and proved the perception model of tourism spatial justice from the perspective of community residents. At the same time, the interrelationships within the model were verified and explored, exploring the differences between the implementation of tourism spatial justice in national parks and general tourism destinations, to enrich relevant research in the field of tourism spatial justice in national parks and provide reference for the tourism development of national parks. Management implicationsThe development of tourism destinations is pursuing the goal of realizing spatial justice in tourism. The uneven distribution of tourism benefits within national parks is the main reflection of the issue of tourism spatial justice in this study. National park tourism development aims to improve the perception of fairness among local residents and optimize the distribution plan of tourism benefits. The perception of other forms of justice is influenced by the issue of procedural justice among residents. The only way to ensure effective justice in the tourism space within national parks is by ensuring that residents' rights are not compromised in tourism development. In the future, the construction of national parks should attach great importance to considering the distribution and rights of residents, avoiding the problem of residents being able to participate but unable to make profits, in order to better achieve the overall function of national parks.

The Effect of Quiet Leadership in Promoting Organizational Justice An Analytical Study of the Opinions of a Sample of Teachers at The Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, Al-Kufa Technical Institute, Kufa, Iraq

The study focused on measuring effect quiet leadership in its three dimensions: (tenacity, modesty, and restraint) in promoting organizational justice in its three dimensions, (distributional justice, procedural justice, and interactive justice) by the teachers at the Technical Institute of Kufa, as the researcher used the descriptive analytical method, A random sample of the teaching staff at the Kufa Technical Institute was chosen as a group to conduct the study. Its size was (86) teaching staff, The study attempted to answer several questions, including the effect of Quiet Leadership in achieving organizational justice, To answer the questions raised, the study was built on two main hypotheses: To verify the validity of the hypotheses that were built, as well as to process the data that resulted from the study’s answer, After using the statistical program (Smart pls) to test the research hypotheses and to reach a set of results and recommendations, the study concluded that there is an influence relationship between quiet leadership and organizational justice and that quiet leadership has a positive effect on the justice of the organization.

How do BPoC design professionals pursue environmental justice considerations when planning and designing recreational spaces?

ABSTRACT Recreational spaces like parks and playgrounds play a vital role in community development. They serve as avenues for important experiences like physical activity, social interaction, and shared cultural expressions. However, BPoC (Black Person, and Person of Color) communities face disparate unjust environmental barriers to utilizing such spaces. Yet not much is known about how BPoC professionals in dedicated professional associations, could address such barriers through the pursuit of environmental justice when planning and designing recreational spaces. This study aims to address this lacuna in research. Findings from in-depth interviews demonstrate that in the design and planning of spaces for recreation, BPoC design professionals drew on their lived experiences from community history and personal encounters to: (1) foster opportunities for participation in design and planning processes (procedural justice), (2) address location-related concerns pertaining to systemic strains in resource allocation (distributive justice), and (3) integrate features that support socio-cultural relationships (interactional justice).

Modular Ontologies for Genetically Modified People and their Bioethical Implications

Participants in the long-running bioethical debate over human germline genetic modification (HGGM) tend to imagine future people abstractly and on the basis of conventionalized characteristics familiar from science fiction, such as intelligence, disease resistance and height. In order to distinguish these from scientifically meaningful terms like “phenotype” and “trait,” this article proposes the term “persemes” to describe the units of difference for hypothetical people. In the HGGM debate, persemes are frequently conceptualized as similar, modular entities, like building blocks to be assembled into genetically modified people. They are discussed as though they each would be chosen individually without affecting other persemes and as though they existed as components within future people rather than being imposed through social context. This modular conceptual framework appears to influence bioethical approaches to HGGM by reinforcing the idea of human capacities as natural primary goods subject to distributive justice and supporting the use of objective list theories of well-being. As a result, assumptions of modularity may limit the ability of stakeholders with other perspectives to present them in the HGGM debate. This article examines the historical trends behind the modular framework for genetically modified people, its likely psychological basis, and its philosophical ramifications.

Does Mindfulness Shape Perceived Distributive Justice? A Fine-Grained Analysis

Does Mindfulness Shape Perceived Distributive Justice? A Fine-Grained Analysis

Do my teachers treat me fairly? Examining the mediating effect of emotional support in the link between distributive justice and students’ academic performance

Do my teachers treat me fairly? Examining the mediating effect of emotional support in the link between distributive justice and students’ academic performance

Decolonisation and South African Psychology research 30 years after democracy

On the occasion of 30 years of South African democracy, we reflect on the current state of Psychology research in South Africa. We conducted a situational analysis of all papers appearing in the South African Journal of Psychology ( SAJP) and abstracts in PsycINFO with the keyword ‘South Africa’ over the last 5 years and compared the results with a previous review that used the same methodology. Findings show an increase in papers using ‘hard’ science approaches and a decrease in systems-oriented theories. Assessment remains a major topic. While COVID-19 and climate change featured, there remains a lack of or low focus on several key psycho-social issues experienced by South Africans. People living in poorer provinces and young and older people are under-represented in knowledge production. Collaborations or comparisons with other African or South American countries have decreased. Positively, production is being spearheaded by South African scholars or people affiliated with South African institutions. Using a decolonising lens that foregrounds epistemic justice, we conclude that substantial work remains to be done for knowledge production in South African Psychology to fulfil the decolonising imperative of distributive epistemic justice.

A powerful potion for a potent problem: transformative justice for generative AI in healthcare

AbstractGenerative Artificial Intelligence (AI), as a transformative technology, holds significant promise for applications in healthcare. At the same time, the datafication, AI integration, and commodification of health have opened the floodgates for ethical issues, including those related to fairness, access, beneficence, democracy, solidarity, inclusion, and societal harms. As further the digitalization, innovation, and disruption of healthcare is inevitable, the paper maps out how power, equity, access, identity, participation, and knowledge contribute to creating social injustice issues. It also discusses that current justice approaches—distributive justice, representational justice, restorative justice, and capabilities-centered justice—do not have enough impact to prevent or remedy the many harms and injustices that AI has already created in healthcare or will continue to do so. The paper proposes that a transformative justice approach is needed for generative AI as a transformative technology, focused on (1) peace, emancipation, and eliminating the root causes of injustice, (2) holistic conflict resolution, (3) human rights-based approaches, and (4) the empowerment of agency and actors.

The Middle‐Income Kingdom: China and the Demands of International Distributive Justice

The Middle‐Income Kingdom: China and the Demands of International Distributive Justice

Fairness as Balance: Investor Obligations and Investment Treaty Reform

The normative asymmetry between the rights and obligations of investors and host states under investment treaties has been a key reason for the treaties’ common characterization as “unbalanced”. While initially a description of a justified treaty design, imbalance has since become a central component of the legitimacy challenges to the investment treaty regime: a normative demand of the treaties’ realignment. Identifying the imbalance critiques of investment treaties as fairness-based critiques concerning the distributive implications of investment treaties, the article considers to what extent including provisions on investor conduct in investment treaties may address the concerns about potential unfairness in the allocation of rights and obligations under these treaties. In particular, the article argues that understanding the imbalance critiques as concerns of distributive justice enables the assessment ofinvestment treaty design innovations and the alternative ways in which these instruments could be structured to produce different distributive outcomes.

Turnstile politics: practices of care and mobility justice in Santiago’s public transport system

Modern public transport systems are typically designed by following universal aspirations to predictability and standardisation. In the case of Santiago’s public transport, however, this design philosophy has often translated into concrete, practical struggles for users with more vulnerable corporealities. In analysing the case of a controversial turnstile installed in Santiago’s buses in 2016, this paper draws on video analysis to examine how passengers respond to, and locally deal with, its exclusionary design. Passengers’ interactions with this technology demonstrate how the turnstile is taken up as more than a mere sorting device, to become a matter of concern around mobility (in)justice. A detailed analysis of these interactions – through ethnomethodological analysis of video data – describes how passengers respond to the turnstile’s exclusionary design by deploying diverse embodied practices of care towards other users experiencing trouble with it. Such practices of care align with a grounded, embodied sense of mobility (in)justice as opposed to more abstract understandings of distributive justice. The paper concludes by discussing the potential forpublic transport systems to become more just and inclusive environments designed as infrastructures of care, whereby materialities may not only allow, but support, practices of care among users.

The impact of increased risk on civil liability for property damage

In the article, the author substantiates the expediency of liability even in the absence of fault for damage caused by activities or objects that carry an increased risk of causing property damage to other subjects. It is noted that civil legislation consists mainly of norms aimed at positive regulation, establishing the rules of lawful behavior. The will and awareness of the fulfillment of duties, laid down in the norms of civil legislation, are directed precisely at lawful behavior. The will and awareness as prerequisites for the entry of persons into the civil circulation determine legal regulation and give the behavior of persons, in accordance with the established norm, legal significance. The possibility of choice, which a person realizes in the permitted activity, is connected with the will. In turn, choice is often directly or relatively based on risk as an element of decision making. In the course of the study, a conclusion was formed that in accordance with the distributive manifestation of the principle of justice of tort liability in civil law (distributive justice), the distribution of burdens and benefits of useful, but risky types of activities should take place as follows. The one who receives the benefits and has to bear the burden is the price of co-existence in the social world. It is unfair if the subject of risky activity will transfer the burden of loss from such activity to the victims, leaving only the benefit behind. Normative ascertainment in a number of cases of no-fault liability is dictated precisely by the just desire to restore the violated property sphere of the victim at the expense of the person who caused the damage, who risked engaging in an activity that creates an increased danger for others, and who was aware that the implementation of this activity could lead to accidental damage. It should be noted that the above-mentioned arguments for the implementation of the principle of justice, according to which «the one who increases the danger for those present above the usual level through his activities, must also bear responsibility for this increase», are also relevant in the course of defining other types of special torts. Particularly in cases of civil liability in the field of providing medical services. A certain medical activity carried out using X-ray or laser devices, to a large extent, always contains an increased risk of unforeseen complications due to the impossibility of full control over it by medical professionals; therefore it is quite appropriate to attribute such activity to the source of increased danger.

Perceptions of distributive justice and public attitudes towards government welfare responsibility in China: moderating role of urban-rural and regional difference

ABSTRACT While current research mainly focuses on the social justice of contemporary people, it lacks attention to generational contradictions and distributive justice. This article analyses how citizens’ perceptions of distributive justice shape public attitudes towards government welfare responsibility in China. Using China General Social Survey data in 2015, it found that people upholding strong perception of intergenerational justice hold positive attitudes towards government responsibility for welfare provision, while people with strong perception of intragenerational justice are less supportive. Besides, intragenerational justice could mediate the effect of intergenerational justice on public attitudes towards government welfare responsibility. Furthermore, it reveals profound urban-rural and regional difference could moderate the effects of citizen’s perception of intergenerational justice and intragenerational justice on public attitudes. These findings indicate that a more unified welfare system should be established, and expand the spatial boundaries of social justice for both the present and future generations.

Land matters: how Indigenous land restitution can inform loss and damage policy and chart a path toward an otherwise climate justice

ABSTRACT Loss and damage (L&D) has emerged as a focus for climate justice within the international policy arena and United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change meetings. L&D proposals often centre on a liberal conception of distributive justice, arguing that high-emitting parties must compensate those most vulnerable to climate change, who typically bear the least responsibility for it. This frame positions climate justice as reparations, financial support for adaptation, and other forms of restitution for impacted communities. I support L&D action and agree that responsible parties should pay. However, I urge caution about the underlying assumptions of liberal justice. What is of commensurate value for communities that lose access to sites of deep biocultural and spiritual heritage because of climate change? In considering this question, I draw from research on Indigenous land rights and restitution politics in Latin America to illustrate how L&D proposals and policies can learn from Indigenous experiences navigating the pursuit of justice through courts. I examine limitations of liberal justice to highlight pathways for thinking climate justice otherwise. Lessons from Indigenous land restitution make clear that rethinking the framing of L&D policy is essential to avoid replicating the logics that drive destructive development and resultant social inequality.

The role of Organisational Justice and Mentorship in Turnover Intentions of Non-Teaching Staff in Universities: The case of Kyambogo University, Uganda

Understanding that keeping knowledgeable and dedicated staff members is essential to an organization's success, Kyambogo University enhanced working conditions, added health insurance, and established possibilities for advancement. Regardless of these measures, some non-teaching staff intended to leave the organisation giving inequality in salaries and working conditions as key reasons. Guided by the equity theory, the study examined the influence of Organizational Justice and Employee Mentorship on turnover Intentions among non-teaching staff at KYU. Using a correlational survey design, data was collected from a random sample of 242 respondents with the help of a structured questionnaire. Pearson correlation and regression analyses revealed that Organizational Justice was positively (r =.51, P<0.01) related to turnover intentions due to the distributive and Interactional justice that enabled non-teaching staff to feel belongingness and enthusiasm about their job. Employee mentorship and Turnover intentions had a positive and significant correlation (r =.23, P< 0.01), because of role modelling, career development and social support that enhanced the feelings of commitment among employees to their organisation making them want to stay and work for it. Organizational Justice and Employee Mentorship, together positively predicted (β=.48, P<0.05) turnover intentions. Employee Mentorship increased the contribution of organisational justice to turnover intentions by 1%. This was likely due to mentorship that enables employees to feel that KYU values them and felt grateful to stay and work for it. Therefore, retention strategies that provide relevant mentoring of staff members results into better retention. Programs to empower employees to have effective participation and engagement in sustaining distributive and interactional justice as well as role modelling should freely be available to reduce turnover intentions among non-teaching staff

Distributive justice and value trade-offs in antibiotic use in aged care settings.

Residential aged care facilities (RACF) are sites of high antibiotic use in Australia. Misuse of antimicrobial drugs in RACF contributes to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) burdens that accrue to individuals and the wider public, now and in the future. Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) practices in RACF, e.g. requiring conformation of infection, are designed to minimise inappropriate use of antibiotics. We conducted dialogue groups with 46 participants with a parent receiving aged care to better understand families' perspectives on antibiotics and care in RACF. Participants grappled with value trade offs in thinking about their own parents' care, juggling imagined population and future harms with known short term comfort of individuals and prioritising the latter. Distributive justice in AMR relies on collective moral responsibility and action for the benefit of future generations and unknown others. In RACF, AMS requires value trade-offs and compromise on antimicrobial use in an environment that is heavily reliant on antimicrobial drugs to perform caring functions. In the context of aged care, AMS is a technical solution to a deeply relational and socio-structural problem and there is a risk that carers (workers, families) are morally burdened by system failures that are not addressed in AMS solutions.

THE ROLE OF DISTRIBUTIVE JUSTICE COMPENSATION, COMMITMENT AND WORK DISCIPLINE TOWARDS WORK PERFORMANCE

This research aims to analyze the influence of distributive justice compensation, commitment and work discipline towards employee work performance. The research method used is a quantitative method with a survey approach. Data was obtained through a questionnaire distributed to employees in CV. Nursa Prima Mojokerto. Data analysis was carried out using multiple linear regression to see the influence of the independent variables (distributive justice compensation, commitment and work discipline) on the dependent variable (work performance). The research results show that these three independent variables significantly increase work performance, both partially and simultaneously. These findings indicate that the company needs to pay attention to aspects of fairness in providing compensation, improve work discipline, and build employee commitment to improve work performance. It is hoped that this research can contribute to the development of effective human resource management strategies in the company.

Distributive Justice Analysis in the Context of Workers' Leave Time Regulation: A Legal Perspective

The controversy surrounding Law No. 6/2023 revolves around the loss of the two-day weekend holiday entitlement for workers, the provision of only one day off in a six-day workweek, changes in working hours, which also affect rest time to only one day per week for a 6-day work schedule. The existence of a law should inherently provide fairness to society and contribute to the happiness of the people, but on the other hand, the government must also strive consistently to foster the economic growth of the population as a means to achieve social welfare. This research aims to investigate the regulation of workers' rest time under Law No. 6/2023 and to assess whether the provisions for rest time under Law No. 6/2023 have met the criteria of fairness for workers. To address these objectives, a normative juridical method with legislative and conceptual approaches is employed. Based on distributive justice theory, Law No. 13/2003 better reflects justice in labor relations in Indonesia as it considers basic needs, equality, and workers' contributions more comprehensively. Conversely, Law No. 6/2023, despite providing benefits to employers and potentially stimulating economic growth, appears to reduce the protection and welfare of workers, which can be deemed less fair according to distributive justice principles. Therefore, strict monitoring and improvements are necessary in the implementation of Law No. 6/2023 to ensure fairness for workers is maintained.

A framework for assessing the blue equity of social-ocean systems in marine governance transformation

The equitable utilization of marine resources and the maintenance of healthy and sustainable marine ecosystems are essential to advancing the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and promoting the well-being of all humanity. In this paper, we propose a Blue Equity Assessment Framework, which is based on a systematic literature review approach and takes into account the characteristics of Social-Ocean Systems (SOSs). The framework consists of Distributional Equity, Procedural Equity, Recognitional Equity, and Contextual Equity. The aim of this framework is to conduct equity analyses of policies or behaviors within SOSs in order to assess whether blue equity is explicitly implemented and practiced in these societal norms and policy mechanisms. The assessment framework reveals that blue equity has a positive synergy for the majority of the SDGs. This synergy is analyzed in terms of its influence on the assessment dimensions of distributional justice, procedural justice, recognitional justice, and contextual justice. The findings aim to enhance societal understanding of blue equity issues, thereby guiding policymakers in the prioritization of blue equity in the development and utilization of marine resources and in the transformation of global ocean governance.