Just-in-time Research Articles

Efficient Manufacturing & Logistics in Indian E- Commerce Industry and Its Effect on Customer Satisfaction

In this paper, the topic “Efficient manufacturing and logistics in Indian e-commerce industries and its effect on customer satisfaction” refers to one of the famous method (JIT - Just in time) used in manufacturing along with labor, material, and other inputs. The JIT role in Indian ecommerce industry is increasing, and awareness of Indian e-commerce industry enhances productivity of online retailers. It generates high level of satisfaction in customers, availing offline as well as online e-commerce services. JIT also contributes in improving physical distribution quality. Internal and external environment affects logistics and supply chains. From customer point of view, demand fulfillment using JIT method, clarity of production planning, sourcing and logistics are vital in Indian e-commerce industry

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC ORDER QUANTITY (EOQ) METHOD WITH JUST IN TIME (JIT) METHOD AS PLANNING AND CONTROLLING OF BATAKO RAW MATERIAL SUPPLY AT UD. ULINNUHA

The purpose of this study is to compare the planning and controlling of the supply of brick raw materials between the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) method and the Just In Time (JIT) method at UD Ulinnuha. In addition, this study also purposes to determine which methods should be applied to UD Ulinnuha from both methods. Interviews, observations, and documentation are used to get data on purchase costs, usage, storage, and ordering of raw materials. The type of research used in this study is applied research. The results of this study indicate that both methods, both EOQ and JIT can work appropriately and optimally at UD Ulinnuha. But the two methods are not suitable if applied to UD Ulinnuha because if using the JIT method, the storage warehouse is inadequate to accommodate the raw material inventory. If using the EOQ method the warehouse can accommodate raw material inventory, but in real terms, the warehouse can`t accommodate raw materials according to the maximum inventory calculation results. So that the two methods are not recommended by researchers and are recommended to continue using company policies because company policies have taken into account the conditions in the field.

EFFECTS OF JUST-IN-TIME PROCUREMENT STRATEGY ON ORGANIZATION PERFORMANCE OF FOOD AND BEVERAGE MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN NAIROBI COUNTY, KENYA

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of Just-in-time procurement strategy on organization performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nairobi County.
 Methodology: The study adopted a causal research design. To collect primary data the respondents answered questions administered to them through questionnaires. The unit of observation consisted of the Heads of Procurement, Production, Sales and Finance of the food and beverage manufacturing firms located in Nairobi County as listed by Kenya Association of Manufacturers in 2019. The sample size was 83 heads of department. Face validity was used to determine the accuracy of the study instrument while test re-test method was used to determine the reliability. The completed questionnaires were analysed with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistical techniques.
 Findings: From the study findings Just-in-time (JIT) procurement strategy (β=0.689, t=3.469, p=0.001) had a positive effect on organization performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms. The value of adjusted R2 was 0.167 indicating that there was variation of 16.7 percent on organization performance due to changes in JIT procurement at 95 percent confidence interval.
 Conclusion: The study concluded that JIT Procurement strategy has a positive effect on organization performance of food and beverage manufacturing firms in Nairobi County. The overall effect of JIT Procurement strategy on organization performance was 68.9%. The study therefore accepted the alternative hypothesis that JIT procurement strategy has significant effect on organization performance of food and beverages manufacturers in Nairobi County.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Food and beverge manufacturing firms in developing countries should consider implementing JIT Procurement strategy. This will ensure that they purchase the optimal level of items when needed to avoid keeping unnecessary inventory which ties up money and at the same time ensure that there is no shortage so that the customers have to wait. Policy makers in the food and beverage manufacturing sector should consider developing policies to promote JIT Procurement strategy in this industry. Further research should be conducted focusing on the service sector to investigate the effect of JIT Procurement strategy on organization performance for comparison.

Solving Just-in-Time Single Machine Scheduling with Variable Discrete Speed Machine using Hybrid NSGA-II

Due to industrialization and population growth, increasing energy demand can lead to energy scarcity because non-renewable resources are primarily used as energy sources. In addition, carbon dioxide gas, the waste of industrialization, can harm the environment. Therefore, environmentally friendly methods are encouraged in the industrial environment as energy preservation and climate change mitigation. This research discusses just-in-time single machine scheduling that takes into account energy consumption. In this research, energy consumption depends on the machine’s speed. The objectives are minimizing the just-in-time (JIT) penalty (the sum of weighted earliness/tardiness) and energy consumption. This research proposed a hybrid NSGA-II with a local search to solve the multi-objective scheduling problem. Thus, solving the JIT single-machine scheduling problem considers energy consumption to conserve energy and increase production efficiency. Numerical experiments demonstrated that the hybrid NSGA-II with local search is more effective than the standard NSGA-II in solving the problem. Therefore, decision-makers can use the scheduling model to select alternative solutions that consider energy and the environment without sacrificing efficiency.

Just-In-Time Simulation Training for Nasopharyngeal Specimen Collection During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic.

Rapid and accurate detection of the novel coronavirus using a nasopharyngeal specimen requires training for professionals who may have limited experience. To respond to the urgent need, an interprofessional team created a just-in-time (JIT) module to provide only what was needed, precisely when needed, and rapidly deployed training sessions to a large group of health professionals. In April and May 2020, health professionals from the hospital, ambulatory clinics, and public health attended training. Procedural comfort/knowledge and perception of the training were assessed with pre-survey and post-survey. Comfort level in collecting a nasopharyngeal specimen among participating health professionals increased from 2.89 (n = 338) on the pre-survey to 4.51 (n = 300) on the postsurvey on a 5-point scale. Results revealed a significant difference (P < .01) between pre-post knowledge questions regarding the correct angle and depth of the swab to obtain an adequate sample from the nasopharynx. This study demonstrates that a JIT intervention can improve knowledge and comfort regarding the nasopharyngeal swab procedure. In preparation for the prevention and mitigation of future viral outbreaks (ie, coronavirus and influenza), educators should consider creating JIT skills training for health care professionals who may be deployed to assist in mass testing efforts.

AN INVESTIGATION INTO LEAN PRACTICES AND THEIR IMPACT ON SUSTAINABILITY PERFORMANCE IN THE LATEX GLOVE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY

Lean is characterized as a collection of management practices. Lean's central philosophy is to minimize and eradicate non-value-adding practices and waste. High quality and customer loyalty are guaranteed by the Lean process. Lean concept obtains its root from Toyota Production system (TPS). The TPS approach is often well suited to high-volume manufacturing. Lean, however, is also applicable in any setting where process waste is encountered. The intent of this study is to develop a lean sustainability performance assessment to analyze the level of lean implementation and its impacts on sustainability performance in Latex Glove Manufacturing Industries. The assessment method is generally in the form of Five-Point Likert Scale Questionnaire which consists of two main sections, Section A, to determine the level of lean practices in the company and Section B to distinguish the impact of the implemented lean practices on sustainability performance in the aspect of social, environmental and economic. Thirty employees from three different Latex Glove Manufacturing Industries (Company A, B, and C) in Selangor were involved in this study. The data was then analyzed using Minitab 15. Among the 22 combined hard and soft lean tools, Just-In-Time (JIT) for hard lean tool and Customer focus for the soft lean tool has scored the highest level of implementation in all three Industries. As for sustainability performance, economic sustainability performance scored the highest average mean score followed by environment and social sustainability performance. Overall, the finding shows that Company A and C have an overall better impact towards sustainability performance by the execution of lean practices as compared to company B. This must be predominantly due to the high level of implementation of soft lean tools as both the companies have a high level of implementation for the majority of the soft lean tools as compared to the implementation of hard lean tools. In conclusion, the higher the level of implementation of lean tools and practices, the greater the impact on it the sustainability performance in a company.

A compositional model for effort‐aware Just‐In‐Time defect prediction on android apps

Android apps have played important roles in daily life and work. To meet the new requirements from users, the apps encounter frequent updates, which involves a large quantity of code commits. Previous studies proposed to apply Just-in-Time (JIT) defect prediction for apps to timely identify whether the new code commits can introduce defects into apps, aiming to assure their quality. In general, high-quality features are benefits for improving the classification performance. In addition, the number of defective commit instances is much fewer than that of clean ones, that is the defect data is class imbalanced. In this study, a novel compositional model, called KPIDL, is proposed to conduct the JIT defect prediction task for Android apps. More specifically, KPIDL first exploits a feature learning technique to preprocess original data for obtaining better feature representation, and then introduces a state-of-the-art cost-sensitive cross-entropy loss function into the deep neural network to alleviate the class imbalance issue by considering the prior probability of the two types of classes. The experiments were conducted on a benchmark defect data consisting of 15 Android apps. The experimental results show that the proposed KPIDL model performs significantly better than 25 comparative methods in terms of two effort-aware performance indicators in most cases.

Lean Implementation Barriers and the duality of lean in an Organisations

Lean strategy is all about elimination of waste and redundant process; competitive benchmarking, introducing continuous improvement programs, preventive maintenance optimization, cycle time reduction, just-in-time (JIT), new process improvement, quality management programs, value engineering, self-directed work team, total quality management. The study investigates how people and duality of lean impacts lean implementation in organizations, looking at the case of the food processing manufacturing firms in Nigeria. To achieve the objective, the study employed Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) using data collected from 340 questionnaire collected from food processing firms in Nigeria. It was discovered from the study that factors hindering implementation of lean could be in the form of poor communication strategy within organisation, organizational culture, organisational knowledge, management support, policies on human development. The paper concludes that lean implementation does not have a stand-alone methodology, but the existence or lack of the identified factors may make or hinder successful implementation of lean especially in the food processing manufacturing companies in Nigeria.

Of JavaScript AOT compilation performance

The fastest JavaScript production implementations use just-in-time (JIT) compilation and the vast majority of academic publications about implementations of dynamic languages published during the last two decades focus on JIT compilation. This does not imply that static compilers (AoT) cannot be competitive; as comparatively little effort has been spent creating fast AoT JavaScript compilers, a scientific comparison is lacking. This paper presents the design and implementation of an AoT JavaScript compiler, focusing on a performance analysis. The paper reports on two experiments, one based on standard JavaScript benchmark suites and one based on new benchmarks chosen for their diversity of styles, authors, sizes, provenance, and coverage of the language. The first experiment shows an advantage to JIT compilers, which is expected after the decades of effort that these compilers have paid to these very tests. The second shows more balanced results, as the AoT compiler generates programs that reach competitive speeds and that consume significantly less memory. The paper presents and evaluates techniques that we have either invented or adapted from other systems, to improve AoT JavaScript compilation.

Research on optimization of assembly line based on product scheduling and just-in-time feeding of parts

PurposeReducing production auxiliary time is the key to improve the efficiency of the existing mixed-flow assembly line. This paper proposes a method combining improved genetic algorithm (GA) and Flexsim software. It also investigates mixed-flow assembly line scheduling and just-in-time (JIT) parts feeding scheme to reduce waste in production while taking the existing hill-drop mixed-flow assembly line as an example to verify the effectiveness of the method.Design/methodology/approachIn this research, a method is presented to optimize the efficiency of the present assembly line. The multi-objective mathematical model is established based on the objective function of the minimum production cycle and part consumption balance, and the solution model is developed using multi-objective GA to obtain the mixed flow scheduling scheme of the hill-drop planter. Furthermore, modeling and simulation with Flexsim software are investigated along with the contents of line inventory, parts transportation means, daily feeding times and time points.FindingsTheoretical analysis and simulation experiments are carried out in this paper while taking an example of a hill-drop planter mixed-flow assembly line. The results indicate that the method can effectively reduce the idle and overload of the assembly line, use the transportation resources rationally and decrease the accumulation of the line inventory.Originality/valueThe method of combining improved GA and Flexsim software was used here for the first time intuitively and efficiently to study the balance of existing production lines and JIT feeding of parts. Investigating the production scheduling scheme provides a reference for the enterprise production line accompanied by the quantity allocation of transportation tools, the inventory consumption of the spare parts along the line and the utilization rate of each station to reduce the auxiliary time and apply practically.

Synchronising Off-Site Fabrication with On-Site Production in Construction

The aim of this study is to explore how offsite fabrication (OSF) can be tightly coupled with production and assembly on-site. Prefabrication is a production method that has potential to yield significant productivity and sustainability improvements in the construction industry. Failure to synchronise production in the factory with on-site production can lead to financial losses for the client/owner, main contractor and subcontractors as well as to delays in the construction schedule. The study draws on two case-studies and the authors’ experiences in the context of a critical review of literature on the concepts of flow and Just-in-time (JIT) construction delivery. The findings show the value of a buffer between suppliers, fabricators and the site as a way to help the whole supply team create production flow and more environmentally friendly results. A buffer can help while the team is learning to use collaborative short-term planning to create predictable production. The paper recommends ways to synchronise OSF with on-site production. The paper provides practitioners with ideas to reduce both work waiting for workers (or robots) and workers (or robots) waiting for work – and it contributes to theory by raising more questions for further research.

Minimizing deviations of car sequencing in a JIT production painting line

PurposeThe first in first out (FIFO) rule is an indispensable rule in the automotive industry. However, during production, the order of coming to welding operation and exiting through the painting operation is broken. Consequently, the rule of FIFO also gets broken. The purpose of this paper is to eliminate the deviations of the automotive painting process in a just in time (JIT) environment.Design/methodology/approachThe paper has been solved using observations and expert’s opinions and recorded data in the real problem area. Bypass technique and express line have been used as a real problem for the minimization of these deviations. The current process and the bypass process have been compared with simulation optimization.FindingsThis paper provides analytical insights about how to prevent delays during the JIT production painting process. Delays have been prevented by using the bypass technique and express line together. The number of delays reduced with an improvement of 129. The ratio of effect (for four months) has been founded to be 0.12. The output rate has been increased from 80% to 89%.Research limitations/implicationsThis paper focused on the number of vehicles in the cooling area of the painting process in the study; there may occur bottleneck processes or products. It does not contain station-based bottleneck processes.Practical implicationsFrom the real-case problem, one will see that the bypass technique and the express line can be applied and generalized to many similar problems and help companies conduct their assembly lines more efficiently.Originality/valueThis paper is the only example that has been used to bypass technique and express line together on the paint/cooling process in a JIT production system.

Does just‐in‐time adoption have an impact on corporate innovation: evidence from China

AbstractThe just‐in‐time (JIT) system has drawn wide concern as a method of cost management. This paper investigates the effect of JIT adoption on corporate innovation. Using unique data manually collected of Chinese listed firms from 2007 to 2019, we find JIT adoption can promote innovation investment and output. Further evidence shows that customer and supplier concentration as well as market monopoly have moderate effect on the relationship of JIT adoption and corporate innovation. This paper makes a contribution to literature by identifying the positive effect of JIT on corporate innovation and provide strong convincing evidence to support the adoption of JIT.

Impact of Lean Manufacturing Practices on Operational and Business Performance: Evidence from Sri Lankan Food Industry

Lean is a strategy that aims to achieve smooth production flow by eliminating waste and hence helps manufacturing firms realize their time, cost, and quality goals. Food manufacturers not only have limited ability to offer uniform quality but also a greater chance of generating wastes due to the perishable nature of materials. This study investigates the degree to which the Sri Lankan food sector is practicing lean manufacturing and examines the direct and indirect relationships between lean manufacturing, business performance, and operational performance. Data were collected through a questionnaire distributed to managers who have lean experience in the food industry. Using a sample of 86, the hypotheses were tested applying Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling with SmartPLS software. Developing a new construct to represent four lean manufacturing practices, namely, Just-in-time (JIT), Total Quality Management (TQM), Total Preventive Maintenance (TPM), and Human Resource Management (HRM), this study empirically confirms that lean manufacturing has a significant positive impact on both operational and business performance. Furthermore, operational performance partially mediates the relationship between lean manufacturing and business performance. The findings offer valuable implications for mangers, particularly in the food industry to achieve sustainability through practicing lean in their manufacturing and supply chain operations.

A JIT part supply scheduling strategy with electric transport device between central receiving store and supermarkets in the automobile industry considering energy

Sustainable scheduling has been attracting arousing attention of modern manufacturers, and energy efficiency becomes a critical issue related to sustainability. This paper aims at providing an effective solution method for a real-world energy-efficient part supply scheduling problem (EPSSP) between the central receiving store and supermarkets with electric transport device on purpose of coordinating production and transportation in the automobile industry. A bi-objective mixed integer linear programming (MILP) model is formulated to jointly optimize the total energy consumption and a just-in-time (JIT) metric. An epsilon–constraint approach is presented to obtain the optimal solutions in small-scale problems. Owing to EPSSP's N P-hard nature, an indicator-based bi-objective teaching-learning-based optimization (I-BTLBO) algorithm is proposed by combining the binary quality indicator and teaching-learning-based optimization (TLBO) metaheuristic. I-BTLBO adopts a novel solution codification embedded with an adjustment technique to accommodate EPSSP's characteristic. For infeasible solutions, penalty function is applied to deal with the solution that violate vehicle capacities. A variable neighborhood search-based local optimizer is introduced to enhance I-BTLBO's convergence ability. In addition, an external population (EP) is employed to preserve non-dominated solutions' diversity and to guide the evolution process based on the Pareto dominance and preference indicators. Experimental studies demonstrate that the developed novel approach can effectively and efficiently solve EPSSP problem at different scales, and a case study is carried out to give instructive significance on real-world production. • A bi-objective MILP is formulated to minimize energy consumption and stocks. • Introduce an epsilon–constraint approach to obtain small-scale optimal solutions. • Propose an I-BTLBO algorithm to solve EPSSP. • Develop a novel solution codification with adjustment technique. • Develop a variable neighborhood search-based local optimizer.

Improve Ramp-Up Performance on the Sewing Process in a Sports Shoe Factory Using 8-Disciplines and Lean Manufacturing

Purpose: The research aims to design a performance improvement framework for a new model of sports shoes to increase the ramp-up process time. Methodology/Approach: The approach used the problem-solving system of 8 disciplines, Single Minute Exchange Dies, Visual Management, and the Just In Time principle. Findings: By using the methods described above, the research findings will have a positive impact on the company. Model changeover time was reduced from 600 minutes to 102 minutes, and ramp-up time was reduced from 20 days to 2 days. Research Limitation/Implication: The limitation of this study was that only the CK2946 model was still done as a case study. The cost and other inhibiting factors were also not included in the discussion of this rump-up process. Originality/Value of paper: By integrating SMED, Just In Time, visual management, and using 8-Dicipline, the researcher developed a framework for improved performance for ramping up a new model of sports shoes.

The impact of risks management in the success of JIT implementation: Structural equations modeling for relational analysis in the Moroccan industry

For more than 30 years, supply chain management adopts just-in-time (JIT) strategy. The adoption of JIT has reduced wastes and total costs; however it leads to complexity and risks. Thus, top management has to recognize and address critical risks in JIT implementation. This is the main objective of this study, which aims at investigate the activities related to risk management in JIT implementation and their relation with critical success factors (CSFs) or the key activities executed during JIT implementation and the benefits obtained. The research model was evaluated using the structural equations modeling (SEM) with the LISEREL approach. The results forthcoming from the study shows that risk treatment is one of the most important factors for the successful JIT implementation, and that other factors, such as good relationship with suppliers, management commitment, and management of human resources, depend upon it.

Linking supplier JIT to flexibility performance: the moderating impact of advanced manufacturing technology and human resource empowerment

PurposeImplementing just-in-time (JIT) practices on the supplier side is a common practice to streamline procurement and production planning in realization of cost efficiency and lead time reduction. However, it is little known how supplier JIT is related to firm flexibility performance and what factors may facilitate the relationship. This study aims to investigate the effects of supplier JIT on flexibility performance and explore the moderating impacts of advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) and human resource empowerment (EMP).Design/methodology/approachThis study applies hierarchical linear regression analysis to test the proposed model based on data collected from 213 manufacturing firms in China.FindingsThe results revealed a negative influence of supplier JIT on flexibility performance. However, the adoption of AMT and EMP reconciles the conflict between supplier JIT and flexibility performance. Besides, the results indicate the positive effects of AMT and EMP on flexibility performance.Originality/valueThis study contributes to supply chain JIT literature by providing a holistic view to understand the structural relationships between supplier JIT, AMT, EMP and flexibility performance.

Practical implementation insights from 2 population health pharmacist project approaches to improve blood pressure control

BackgroundPopulation health pharmacists (PHPs) can optimize medication regimens for blood pressure (BP) control using various approaches based on the timing of medication recommendations sent to providers. ObjectiveTo identify the contextual factors and implementation insights from 2 PHP approaches to consider when implementing PHP initiatives. Practice descriptionA federally qualified health center with 14 sites throughout Connecticut. Practice innovationA centralized PHP performed medication reviews and sent recommendations to providers. The providers reviewed the recommendations for implementation into patients’ care plans. The 2 PHP approaches used were: Just-in-time (JIT) approachA part-time, contracted PHP used weekly reports to identify 204 patients with uncontrolled hypertension (BP ≥140/90 mm Hg) and same-week provider appointments. Anytime (ANY) approachA full-time staff PHP used a registry report to identify 41 patients with uncontrolled hypertension (systolic BP: 140-150 mm Hg) and diabetes (glycosylated hemoglobin: 9%-10%) regardless of the next appointment date. Evaluation methodsFour of the 5 Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, and Maintenance framework dimensions were used to assess the JIT and ANY approaches. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square or Fisher exact tests. ResultsThe contextual factors that affected the reach, effectiveness, adoption, and implementation of the 2 projects included the timing of PHP recommendations, PHP employment status, and PHP’s prior work experience.The PHP insights to consider when implementing these projects include the need to (1) build trusted relationships with providers/other team members; (2) demonstrate sensitivity and respect for providers’ workload/workflow; (3) send concise, actionable, and timely recommendations; and (4) measure value/impact of PHP interventions with defined metrics.The organizational implementation insights to consider include clearly defining the role of the PHP, providing clinical/administrative buy-in and support, fostering a strong organizational culture for team-based care, and collaboration with the data analytics team to identify patients classified as high impact. ConclusionThe contextual factors and implementation insights identified can be used pragmatically by primary care clinical leaders to integrate a limited PHP resource on an existing population health team.

Push/Pull Parts Production Policy Optimization in the ATO Environment

Within the Assembly to Order (ATO) production strategy, the common approach is to produce the parts to assemble with a Push-Make to Stock policy.In recent decades, the effects of the modern Just in Time (JIT) moved to a Pull-Make to Order policy. Assembled parts characterized by wide variety and huge storage space utilization are critical, and a proper Push/Pull production policy definition is required. An appropriate balance of storage space utilization and setup times leads to the optimization of the production policy. The aim of this paper is to define a bi-objective mathematical optimization model to assign the most suitable production policy to the parts within the production mix in an ATO industrial context. A numerical simulation and an operative case study showcases the model application, proving the industrial relevance of this research.