Juniperus Oblonga Research Articles

Анализ распределения видов флоры по высотным поясам бассейна реки Аргун

The Argun River is the largest river in the Sunzha basin. It originates on the Main Caucasian Ridge near the Chokismta-Matura peak (3189.7 m) in Georgia (historical region of Khevsureti). Before crossing the Lateral Ridge, it receives a large right tributary of the Andaki River (31 km long), whose sources are also on the Main Ridge near the Mal. Barbalo peak (3136 m). The length of the Argun River is 148 km, the total area of the basin is 3390 km2, it flows into the Sunzha River, a right tributary of the Terek River. In the upper reaches before the confluence with the right tributary, the Sharo-Argun River is historically called Chanty-Argun. Materials and methods. Materials and methods of research. Flora species and floristic complexes with different habitats within the Argun River basin were selected as the object of study. The material for the study was obtained during expeditionary trips for observations and herbarium collections in the period 2020–2023 in various altitudinal zones of the Argun River basin. Results and discussion. As a result of the research carried out in the Argun. Results. River basin, we recorded three groups of floras in the study area: plain-foothill, mid-mountain and high-mountain, the uneven distribution of floristic complexes in which made it possible to distinguish 6 floristic regions; More than half of the flora territory is located in the protected area system (2 reserves of republican significance, one of federal significance), 116 species are listed in the Red Books of the federal and regional levels, and another 16 species are proposed for protection. Discussion. The presence of narrow-local endemics in the flora also emphasizes its originality. It is advisable to include the entire Itum-Kalinsky floristic region in the territory of the Sovetsky biological reserve. Thus, many “Red Book” species, most of which are found only in this area, will be taken under real protection. These are Astracantha denudata, Berberis vulgaris, Сeltis glabrata, Cerasus incana, Cladochaeta candidissima Clenmatis integrifolia, Colutea orientalis, Cotynus coggygria, Crambe grandiflora, Dianthus daghestanicus, Ephedra procera, Fumana procumbens, Galanthus caucasicus, Gentiana grossheimii, Hippophaer hamnoides, Iris pumila, Gladiolus tenuis, Juniperus oblonga, Mandenovia komarovii, Medicago daghestanica, Notholaena maranthae, Omphalodes rupestris, Scabiosa rotata, Stipa caucasica, S. pennata, S. pulcherrima, Xanthobrychys majorovii. Conclusions. The total number of flora elements is significantly greater than the number of species in this area, since many of them are ecologically flexible and can be found in two or three vegetation zones, less often in four. Most species are confined to the steppe and forest zones, where the highest percentage of ruderal-segetal and alien species is observed, i.e. the quantitative composition is associated with anthropogenic impact on natural phytocenoses. The least number of species is in the subnival zone, where only petrophytes live, mostly endemics and subendemics.

The impact of climate change on the taxonomic composition of the Zagatala State Nature Reserve

Zagatala State Nature Reserve is one of the first reserves created in the South Caucasus. The territory of this reserve, organized in 1929, is 47349 ha. The fact that the Zagatala Reserve is bordered by the Lagodekhi Reserve (Georgia) and the Tiyarta Ban (Russia) further increases its natural conservation importance. The main four factors that influence the climate of the reserve are geographical latitude, the protection of the area from the north by mountain ranges, the presence of a strongly fragmented relief and the height amplitude of the area to be high (up to 360-3600 m). Because the soil is rich and the relief is complex, the flora and vegetation are also diverse. Only 1.6% of its area covered by forest is mainly coniferous Pinus hamata (Steven) Sosn., Taxus baccata L., Juniperus oblonga M.B. species. Pinus hamata (Steven) Sosn., which grows naturally only in Balakenchay basin in Azerbaijan it is sparsely distributed in the not very high mountain range up to 1000 m in height between Balakenchay and Filizchay, at an altitude of 1200 m above sea level. In the Zagatala State Nature Reserve, the main composition of the flora is petrophytes, i.e., rock plants consisting of stony soil.

Охрана и использование генофонда флоры бассейна реки Аргун

Introduction. The Russian Federation has adopted a Strategy for the conservation of rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi for the period until 2030 (Order of the Government of the Russian Federation dated February 17, 2014 No. 212), developed in accordance with the principles and norms of international law, the Fundamentals of State Policy in the field of environmental development of the Russian Federation for the period until 2030 and other regulatory legal acts. The goal of the Strategy is to ensure on a long-term basis the conservation and restoration of rare and endangered species of animals, plants and fungi in the interests of sustainable development of the Russian Federation. Purpose of the study: to analyze the species of flora of the Argun River basin and develop recommendations for expanding the list of plants to be protected. Materials and methods of research. Rare and protected species and floristic complexes with different habitats within the Argun River basin were selected as the object of study. The material for the study was obtained during expeditionary trips for observations and herbarium collections in the period 2018-2022. in various parts of this territory. Results and its discussion. As a result of our research in the Argun River basin, we identified 132 species (or 8.5% of the total flora) that are subject to protection. Almost half are species of categories I and II, i.e. local endemics and subendemics, constituting 47.0% of all protected taxa. This is the most important part of the gene pool, of which species of the first category require special attention - local endemics - carriers of a unique gene pool that are subject to priority protection. Conclusion. The presence of narrowly local endemics in the flora also emphasizes its originality. It is advisable to include the entire Itum-Kalinsky floristic region in the territory of the Sovetsky biological reserve. Thus, many “Red Book” species, most of which are found only in this area, will be taken under real protection. These are Astracantha denudata, Berberis vulgaris, Сeltis glabrata, Cerasus incana, Cladochaeta candidissima Clenmatis integrifolia, Colutea orientalis, Cotynus coggygria, Crambe grandiflora, Dianthus daghestanicus, Ephedra procera, Fumana procumbens, Galanthus caucasicus, Gentiana grossheimii, Hippophae rhamnoides, Iris pumila, Gladiolus tenuis , Juniperus oblonga, Mandenovia komarovii, Medicago daghestanica, Notholaena maranthae, Omphalodes rupestris, Scabiosa rotata, Stipa caucasica, S. pennata, S. pulcherrima, Xanthobrychys majorovii. Resume. The article provides information about protected and recommended plant species in the Argun River basin. It has been established that almost half of the species include species of categories I and II, i.e. local endemics and subendemics, constituting 47.0% of all protected taxa. It has been determined that for all species it is necessary to comply with the requirements of maintaining the Red Book. It was revealed that for the first time for the Argun River basin, an inventory of the flora was carried out and its comprehensive analysis was carried out. Plant species in need of protection have been identified and prospects for the economic use of flora have been determined. Phytosozological data can be used in maintaining the regional Red Book and as a project for amending it. Information of a utilitarian nature can be used in the economic sphere of the population, and the scientific component can be used in the educational process of regional universities as disciplines with botanical content.

Древесная растительность аридных территорий Дагестана

The flora of Dagestan has been studied quite fully (numerous works by N.I. Kuznetsov, I.I. Tumadzhanov, Ya.I. Prokhanov, L.N. Chilikina, P.L. Lvov, etc.). At the same time, information about vegetation, including those related to arid light forests, is fragmentary and not systematized. In this article, we have made an attempt to assess the level of knowledge of woody vegetation in the arid territories of Dagestan; the results of many years of work on the altitudinal limits of their distribution, as well as the geobotanical description and classification of communities are presented. Arid light forests on the territory of Dagestan are formed by both coniferous and deciduous species. The former are represented by Juniperus oblonga M. Bieb., J. polycarpos C. Koch, J. sabina L. for Dagestan, we did not find them on the territory of the republic. Deciduous tree formations in the arid territories of Dagestan are mainly represented by the communities of the keep-tree (Paliurus spina-christi Mill.) and spirea (Spiraea hypericifolia L.). Other xerophilous tree species (Lonicera tatarica L., Cotinus coggygria Scop., some species of Rhamnus L. and Cotoneaster L., Rosa L., Celtis L., etc.) are included in other formations and do not form pure communities. Large natural massifs on the territory of Dagestan have been identified for Armeniaca vulgaris L. and species Berberis L. For the studied species of woody plants in arid territories, the habitats are marked, the areas and altitudinal limits are estimated, and the geobotanical characteristics of the communities with their participation are given.

Flora and syntaxonomy of communities including <i>Juniperus oblonga</i> M. Bieb. on the Gunib Plateau

Aim. To identify and describe communities which include Juniperus oblonga on the Gunib Plateau. To conduct a taxonomic, geographical, biomorphological analysis of the flora of these communities.Material and Methods. The research was carried out by the method of the laying of trial plots. 15 geobotanical descriptions were undertaken. Office data processing was carried out using tabular ecological‐phytocenotic analysis. Analysis of the flora of the communities was carried out according to generally accepted methods of floristic research.Results. The flora of the juniper woodlands of the Gunib Plateau is represented by 185 species from 124 genera and 41 families. According to the results of geographical analysis, 19 geoelements were identified from 4 geotypes, of which the species of the boreal group (53.8%) of the Caucasian geoelement (31.9%) are the most represented. There are present rare and disappearing (2.7%), endemic (28.1%) and relict species (14.1%). An ecological‐phytocenotic classification of communities with the participation of Juniperus oblonga on the Gunib Plateau was developed and 4 associations, 5 subassociations and 5 variants were identified. A prodromus was compiled.Conclusion. Sparse juniper forests are one of the main types of vegetation of the Gunib Plateau, constituting a third of the flora of the plateau with a high degree of uniqueness and a complex of abiotic factors that change along the altitudinal gradient, microrelief and slope exposures, which are decisive when dominants change in communities of sparse juniper forests.

СОСНОВЫЕ ЛЕСА КЛАССА ERICO-PINETEA HORVAT 1959 В ДАГЕСТАНЕ (СЕВЕРНЫЙ КАВКАЗ)

The paper represents the results of grass pine forests classification in Dagestan by the Brown-Blanquet method. A number of 68 releves of pine forests (taken from the paper by Abdurakhmanova et al., 2018) were included in two higher categories of vegetation – the boreal forests of the class Vaccinio–Piceetea Br.-Bl. in Br.-Bl. et al. 1939 and the sub-Mediterranean thermophilous forests of the class Erico–Pinetea Horvat 1959 based on the quantitative classification. Comparative syntaxonomic analysis of the Caucasian communities of the Erico–Pinetea class revealed their high level of floristic originality in comparison with similar forests of southern Europe, Western Asia and Crimea. This corresponds to the unique bioclimatic conditions of Dagestan located on the territory with a clear effect of «rain shadow» from the high mountain ranges of the Greater Caucasus stretching on the way of the western Atlantic moist air masses that result in the high climate continentality. These essential ecological and floristic peculiarities of the grass pine forests of the Eastern Caucasus provided a basis for the description of a new order — Alchemillo sericaceae–Pinetalia sylvestris ord. nova hoc loco representing the extreme eastern part of the Erico–Pinetea class range. The diagnostic species group of the order includes dominantly Eastern-Euxinian, Caucasian endemics and Eurasian xerophilous species: Juniperus oblonga, Alchemilla sericata, Galium valantioides, Peucedanum ruthenicum, Thalictrum foetidum, Rosa elasmacantha, Filipendula vulgaris, Koeleria cristata, as well as diagnostic species of subordinated alliances. The order includes two alliances demonstrating the ecological and floristic differences of Dagestan pine forests due to the thermic factor. The alliance Bupleuro polyphylli–Pinion sylvestris all. nova hoc loco (holotypus of the order) includes grass pine forests with predominance of thermophilous floristic elements. Differential species of the alliance are Astrantia major, Valeriana alliariifolia, Polygonatum verticillatum, Pyrethrum coccineum, Psephellus daghestanicus, Galium rubioides, Calamagrostis arundinacea, Rubus saxatilis, Brachypodium pinnatum, Fragaria vesca, Fragaria viridis, Primula macrocalyx, Anthriscus sylvestris, Amoria ambigua, Bupleurum polyphyllum, Hylocomium splendens, Pleurozium schreberi, Dicranum scoparium, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, Rhodobryum roseum, Climacium dendroides, Abietinella abietina, Plagiomnium cuspidatum, Betula litwinowii, B. pendula. Three associations and two non-rank communities were included in the alliance (Carici albae–Pinetum sylvestris Ermakov, Abdurakhmanova, Potapenko 2019 — holotypus of the alliance, Ranunculo caucasicae–Pinetum sylvestris ass. nova hoc loco, Viburno lanatae–Pinetum sylvestris Ermakov, Abdurakhmanova, Potapenko 2019, community Stachys atherocalyx–Pinus sylvestris, community Centaurea phrygia–Pinus sylvestris). The alliance Onobrichido cornutae–Pinion sylvestris all. nova hoc loco includes unique cryophilous pine forests with predominance of the cushion plants in the gound layer and numerous constant species of Caucasian cryophilous and xerophilous endemics. Diagnostic species of the alliance are Onobrychis cornuta, Festuca woronowii, Gypsophila tenuifolia, Salvia canescens, Rosa elasmacantha, Androsace koso-poljanskii, Galium brachyphyllum, Thymus daghestanicus, Asperula alpina, Anthemis dumetorum, Scutellaria oreophila, Satureja subdentata, Potentilla recta, Teucrium polium, Euphorbia virgate, Scabiosa gumbetica, Astragalus alexandri, A. fissuralis, Seseli alexeenkoi, Pseudomuscari pallens, Rhamnus pallasii, Vincetoxicum funebre, Jurinea ruprechtii, Helianthemum dagestanicum, Stipa caucasica, Centaurea edmondii, Selaginella helvetica, Scorzonera filifolia, Dracocephalum austriacum, Viola somchetica, Oxytropis lanata. At present the alliance is represented by a single association – the Onobrichido cornutae–Pinetum sylvestris ass. nova hoc loco. The results of the classification have demonstrated a significant level of originality of the Caucasian grass pine forests and a high floristic status of the Caucasus as a one of the important centers of modern phytodiversity.

Potential anti-neuroblastoma agents from Juniperus oblonga

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a neuroendocrine tumor derived from neural crest cells. Approximately 90% of cases occur in children less than 5 years old. The amplification of MYCN correlates with high-risk neuroblastoma and patients with MYCN amplified showed poorer prognosis than those without MYCN amplification. In this study, three compounds isolated from Juniperus oblonga showed anti-proliferative activity against NB cell lines with and without tetracycline inducible MYCN over-expression which were identified as (−)-deoxypodophyllotoxin (1), (−)-matairesinol (2) and (+)-isocupressic acid (3). The effects of compounds 2 and 3 in NB cells included a decrease in NB cell viability and induction of apoptosis. Compound 1 was more effective in NB cells over-expressing MycN. Compound 1 also showed almost 2-fold induction of intracellular free calcium levels in M2(+) cells, which may indicate a different mechanism of action for this compound. Cytotoxicity studies against the human embryonic kidney cell (HEK-293) showed compounds 1, 2 and 3 were ineffective in the non-cancer cells at concentrations approximating their IC50 against the NB cell lines. These results may lead to safer and more effective treatment options for NB patients especially for those with high-risk NB.

Labdane and Abietane Diterpenoids from Juniperus oblonga and Their Cytotoxic Activity.

A phytochemical investigation of the whole plant of Juniperus oblonga led to the isolation of one previously undescribed labdane diterpenoid, (4R,5S,9S,10R)-13-des-ethyl-13-oxolabda-8(17),11E-dien-19-oic acid (1), together with nine known diterpenoids (2–3, 6–12), two lignans (4, 5), and a coumarin (13). The structures of all the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectrometric data, primarily one-dimensional (1D)- and two-dimensional (2D)-NMR and mass spectrometry. Electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations determined the absolute configuration of 1. In addition, the isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against three human tumor cell lines (HepG2, MCF-7, and HeLa). 6,12-Dihydroxyabieta-5,8,11,13-tetraen-7-one (6) showed moderate cytotoxicity against all three cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 24.41 μM to 58.39 μM and trilobinone (10) showed weaker activity with IC50 values ranging from 56.93 μM to 79.98 μM. None of the isolated diterpenoids have been previously reported from Juniperus oblonga, and five compounds are here reported from the genus Juniperus for the first time.

Biflavonoids from Juniperus oblonga inhibit organic anion transporter 3

Organic anion transporters (OATs in humans, Oats in rodents) play an important role in the distribution and excretion of numerous endogenous metabolic products and exogenous organic anions, including a host of widely prescribed drugs. Their ligand recognition is also important for drug therapy and development. In this study, the n-butanol and dichloromethane soluble fractions of Juniperus oblonga were found to inhibit OAT3 in vitro and three biflavonoids were found to be responsible for this activity. One of these compounds, amentoflavone exhibited stronger inhibition than probenecid, a known strong inhibitor of OAT3. Biological characterization of amentoflavone in vivo also showed inhibition of Oat3. Preliminary observations of structure-activity relationships suggest that the biflavonoids are more potent inhibitors of this transporter than their corresponding monomer, and that methylation of even a single hydroxyl group results in a substantial decrease in activity. This greater potency of the biflavonoids may indicate the need for a more in-depth investigation of the distribution of biflavonoids in plants used as foodstuffs and herbal medicines, due to their potential for causing interactions with OAT3 substrate drugs.

Сосновые леса (Pineta kochianae) в Республике Дагестан

Сосновые леса (Pineta kochianae) в Республике Дагестан

Distribution and variability of n-alkanes in waxes of conifers

Epicuticular waxes have vital roles in the growth and development of plants and in defense. Conifers have a considerable amount of waxes on their cones and leaves. Here we characterized the n-alkane composition of Iranian conifers, including Juniperus oblonga, J. foetidissima, J. sabina, J. communis subsp. hemisphaerica, J. excelsa, Cupressus sempervirens, Platycladus orientalis from Cupressaceae and Taxus baccata from Taxaceae for the first time using GC-FID analyses. In the waxes, 25 n-alkane homologs with chain lengths ranging from C7 to C32 were identified. Short-chain n-alkanes were dominant in almost all samples with some exceptions. Complementary studies to elucidate complete wax constituents of Iranian conifers and n-alkane distribution pattern as a function of geographical and bioclimatic variables are recommended.

Composition of extract of the Juniperus oblonga M. Bieb. Fruits obtained by supercritical CO2 extraction

Mature Juniperus oblonga M. Bieb. fruits growing in Dagestan (Russia) at a height of 1750 m above sea level were extracted using supercritical CO2 extraction. The extraction was carried out at a constant temperature of 311 K and pressure values of 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 MPa. The extract, which was obtained at 10 MPa, was analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. As a result of the analysis, 44 compounds were revealed, with 43 of these being identified. In the extract, the major components were α-pinene (7.11%), sabinene (19.47%), β-myrcene (11.97%), limonene (2.64%), β-elemene (2.31%), germacrene-D (20.66%), germacrene-D-4-ol (4.90%), bisabolol (2.78%), and linoleic acid (5.28%).

Investigation of antioxidant and anti-glycation properties of essential oils from fruits and branchlets of Juniperus oblonga

Plants represent the best and most extensively studied source of natural antioxidants. The present study investigated the antioxidant and anti-glycation properties of different concentrations of essential oils obtained from fruits and branchlets of Juniperus oblonga M. Bieb., Cupressaceae, using different assays. The essential oils were obtained by steam distillation of the branchlets of male tree (BMT), branchlets of female tree (BFT) and fruits of J. oblonga. Compositional analysis of oils was performed using a gas chromatography-mass method. Antioxidant activity was assessed using linoleic acid peroxidation, peroxyl radical mediated hemolysis of red blood cells (RBC) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation assays. Anti-glycation properties of oils were evaluated using hemoglobin and insulin glycation assays. Seventeen, eighteen and fifteen compounds were identified in the BMT, BFT and fruit oil, which represented 82.51, 55.69 and 96.89% of the total oils, respectively. α-Pinene was the major component of all three oils. All three oils possessed antioxidant effects against LDL oxidation, linoleic acid peroxidation and peroxyl radical mediated RBC hemolysis. Anti-glycation activities against hemoglobin and insulin glycation were also observed from all tested oils. Overall, there was no unique pattern of dose-dependence for the antioxidant properties of oils in different employed systems. The findings of this study suggest that essential oils from fruits and branchlets of J. oblonga possess antioxidant and anti-glycation properties. Therefore, these oils might be of therapeutic efficacy against diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

Flavonoid Composition of Juniperus oblonga Bieb

Juniperus oblonga Bieb is widely spread in the Caucasus Mountains, particularly in its eastern and southern regions. Diuretic effect of juniper berries is determined by the presence of volatile oils and polyphenol complex, particularly flavonoids. Flavonoids were extracted from raw material with 70% ethanol and then with ethyl acetate. Column chromatography of ethyl acetate fraction on polyamide yielded 5 compounds, which were identified on the basis of physicochemical constants of parent compounds and products of acid hydrolysis and alkaline degradation of aglycones and on the basis of UV-spectroscopy as apigenin, isoquercitrin, apigenin-7-glucoside, quercetin-3-rutinoside, and scutellarin-7-glucoside. Quantitative composition of flavonoid in equivalent to rutin concentration in Juniperus oblonga Bieb was 0.910±0.007% (UV-spectrophotometry data).

Chemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica and Juniperus oblonga Essential Oils

The essential oils obtained from male and female leaves and fruits of Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica as well as male and female leaves of Juniperus oblonga growing in Iran, were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and screened for bacteriostatic and fungistatic activities. Analysis of the oil of leaves (male and female shrubs) and fruits of J. communis subsp. hemisphaerica identified 21, 21 and 20 components respectively. J. oblonga leaves (male and female trees) and fruits oils analysis showed 19, 20 and 14 compounds respectively. The GC-MS analysis of these oils indicated that the composition of the oils were generally similar. The main components of the oils of fruits and leaves from both male and female plants of J. communis subsp. hemisphaerica and J. oblonga were α-pinene and sabinene respectively. The antimicrobial activity of essential oils of fruits and leaves of these plants were also investigated. They had a wide range of activity from no antimicrobial activity to some antimicrobial activity against various tested microbial strains (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeroginosa and Candida albicans). The defatted ethanol extract of the fruits and leaves of male and female plants were examined for the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins. The amounts of non-volatile compounds were quite variable in different parts of the plants.

Antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits of Iranian conifers.

Cupressus semipervirens var. horizontalis, Cupressus semipervirens var. semipervirens, Cupressus semipervirens cv. Cereifeormis, Juniperus communis subsp. hemisphaerica, Juniperus excelsa subsp. excelsa, Juniperus excelsa subsp. polycarpos, Juniperus foetidissima, Juniperus oblonga, Juniperus sabina, Platycladus orientalis and Taxus baccata are Iranian conifers. The antioxidant activity of leaves and fruits of these 11 different taxons were evaluated. The leaves of both male and female, and fruits of these plants were collected from different areas of the country. Methanol extract of leaves and fruits of these taxons were prepared. Antioxidant activity of each extracts was measured using two different tests of the ferric thiocyanate method and thiobarbituric acid. Results indicated that the methanol extracts of leaves, of male and female, and fruits of all these species (27 samples) possessed antioxidant activity when tested with both methods. The antioxidant activity was then compared with those of α-tocopherol (a natural antioxidant) and butylated hydroxytoluene (a synthetic antioxidant). Methanol extract of fruits of C. semipervirens cv. Cereifeormis showed the highest antioxidant activity while the methanol extract of leaves of C. semipervirens var. semipervirens possessed the lowest antioxidant activity. However, our finding showed that most of the tested extracts were showing strong antioxidant activity even higher than α-tocopherol.

Antioxidant Activity of the Essential Oils of Different Parts of Juniperus communis. subsp. hemisphaerica. and Juniperus oblonga.

The essential oils of different parts of Juniperus communis. subsp. hemisphaerica. (Presl) Nyman (Cupressaceae) and Juniperus oblonga. M. B. were examined for their potential radical scavenging activity. The compositions of the essential oils of these plants were studied qualitatively and quantitatively by GC and GC-MS. The main components of the essential oils as well as positive controls were subjected to antioxidant testing. A rapid evaluation for antioxidants, using two TLC screening methods, showed that all tested oils and their main components have antioxidant activity. The abilities of the volatile oils to act as nonspecific donors for hydrogen atoms for electron were checked in the diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In the DPPH assay, the strongest effect among the essential oils was measured for the oil of leaves of male J. communis. subsp. hemisphaerica. at a concentration of 4 µL/mL (24.0%) In the deoxyribose degradation assay, the essential oils, pure components, and positive controls were tested at different concentrations. Most of the tested compounds showed some antioxidant effects. The fruit oil of J. oblonga. has the strongest effect among the tested volatile oils.The deoxyribose assay was modified in three different ways to assess whether the oils exhibited site-specific effects. The results of the current study, which demonstrate the DPPH scavenging activity of the essential oils of the of leaves of male J. communis. subsp. hemisphaerica. and the OH radical scavenging effects of the fruit oil of J. oblong. suggest the use of these two essential oils in very low concentrations for preserving food materials.