27th June Research Articles

Effect of Sowing Dates on the Bacterial Leaf Spot of Bottle Gourd and Pumpkin Caused by Xanthomonas cucurbitae

An experiment was conducted at Experimental Farm, College of Horticulture and Forestry, Neri, Hamirpur during May 2019 to October, 2019 cropping season to study the effect of different sowing dates viz., 17th May (1st), 7th June (2nd), 27 June (3rd) and 17th July (4th) on the development of bacterial leaf spot of bottle gourd and pumpkin caused by Xanthomonas cucurbitae. It was observed that the mean disease severity in both bottle gourd and pumpkin crops decreased with delay in the date of sowing from mid May (40.15 and 31.73%, respectively) to the end of June (27th June, 31.65 and 27.06%, respectively) or mid July (17th July, 23.32 and 20.13%, respectively). The disease incidence was also found to be minimum in the fourth (31.31%) and third (39.60%) dates of sowing in case of bottle gourd fruits and no incidence of the bacterial spot was recorded in case of pumpkin fruits. In the case of bottle gourd, the expected yield loss was minimum in crops sown mid July (31.44%) while in pumpkin, the fruit yield was more in mid July (9.59 kg vine-1) sown crop in comparison to mid May and early June sown crops. So, it was concluded that late June and mid July sown crops of both bottle gourd and pumpkin are less vulnerable to the disease leading to reduced crop losses and higher yield.

Seyakha catastrophic blowout and explosion of gas from the permafrost in the Arctic, Yamal Peninsula

For the first time, in a channel of the Arctic river, on the Yamal Peninsula, a pingo-like feature (PLF) was revealed, where, as a result of powerful blowout, self-ignition and explosion of gas on the 28th of June 2017, the giant Seyakha Crater (C11) was formed. Expeditions in 2017, 2018 and 2019 on the C11 Crater and analysis of remote sensing data allowed to reconstruct geodynamical processes of rapid (approximately 3.5 years) growth of the PLF, caused by high gas pressure, and active thermoabrasive processes in summer seasons (speed up to 1.6 m per day), destroying the C11 Crater walls. It was discovered that before the explosion, a gas-filled thermokarst chamber (ice cavity) had existed in permafrost. Based on the use of the ground penetrating radar survey, a model of the crater and the structure of near-surface deposits was created. A previously unknown rise in the base of ground ice, probably connected with gas-dynamic process, was revealed. A scheme of distribution of frozen soil and ground ice fragments, ejected from the crater, was created and analyzed, their maximum distance from the explosion epicenter was defined as 380 m. Long-term gas emission from the crater was observed, which allowed to make a conclusion about volcanic mechanism of eruption. Large distances from deep wells to the location of the explosion (15 km and more) and determined microbial genesis of gas indicate high probability of natural origin of gas blowout and formation of the C11 Crater.

Impact of the Covid-19 lockdown on sexual assault cases in Eastern Denmark - a retrospective clinical forensic study.

To explore if the shutdown of Danish nightlife during the Covid-19 pandemic caused a decrease in the number of clinical forensic examinations of victims of sexual assault in Eastern Denmark. Secondarily, to investigate, if there was a change in criminological characteristics, e.g. scene and time of crime, relation to the perpetrator and the proportion of possible drug-facilitated sexual assaults. 130 case files from clinical forensic examinations of individuals of alleged sexual assault in the period 1st of April to 30th of June in both 2019 and 2020 were included. 67 and 63 examinations were performed in 2019 and 2020, respectively. 125 cases were female and five were male. Approximately 70% were 15–25 years of age. Pre- and post-lockdown victim profiles were similar regarding assailant relation, location of crime and time of assault. Voluntary intake of alcohol prior to the assault was registered with 46.3% in 2019 and 62% in 2020. The ratio of possible drug-facilitated sexual assault (DFSA) was approximately 50% each year. The lockdown did not seem to change the overall number of examinations or the demographic and criminological characteristics of the sexual assault victims. No decrease in cases of possible DFSA was found despite the lockdown of nightlife venues.

Timely Discharge Prescription Review by Clinical Pharmacists at a COVID-19 Facility

Background: Mesaieed Hospital (MSH) was a COVID-19 center from the 7th of February till the 28th of June, 2021 with a high capacity and turnover. Therefore, timely discharge was crucial.1 Before implementing the clinical pharmacy service, MSH discharge pharmacy was receiving discharge prescriptions from noon. Since clinical pharmacists did not review discharge prescriptions, errors identified by the discharge pharmacy resulted in further delays in patients’ disposition to quarantine facilities.2,3 This project aimed to achieve a 100% clinical-pharmacist review of planned discharges before 15:00 by May 30, 2021 and decrease the time to bulk patients’ transfer to quarantine facilities to start from 16:00 instead of 19:00. Methods: As early as 09:00, clinical pharmacists sent the reviewed discharges to the discharge pharmacy for discharge medication preparation through Microsoft-Teams. The clinical pharmacists reviewed and solved all drug-related issues before 15:00. In addition, the clinical pharmacists reviewed planned patient discharges without medication orders, and discharge plans were documented on Cerner®. The detailed process is shown in Figure 1. Results: Out of the 856 reviewed discharges during the project period, three prescriptions had pending Issues after 15:00 due to communication challenges with the prescribers because of the high turnover. Figure 2 illustrates the discharge rates before 16:00. The discharge pharmacy started preparing medications 3 hours earlier (Figure 1). Accordingly, 100% of patients’ disposition was achieved by 16:00 instead of 19:00 before the new process. Additionally, sixteen pending discharges had their discharge medications proposed by clinical pharmacists and documented in Cerner®. They were ready for dispensing once discharge was confirmed with no prescribing errors. Conclusion: The clinical pharmacy service within MSH enhanced the discharge process safety by ensuring a 100% review of the discharge prescriptions and more than 99% of the issues resolved before reaching the discharge pharmacy. Moreover, this process facilitated earlier patients’ disposition by about 3 hours. Further studies among HMC facilities are warranted.

Frailty assessment and acute frailty service provision in the UK: results of a national \u2018day of care\u2019 survey

BackgroundThe incorporation of acute frailty services into the acute care pathway is increasingly common. The prevalence and impact of acute frailty services in the UK are currently unclear.MethodsThe Society for Acute Medicine Benchmarking Audit (SAMBA) is a day of care survey undertaken annually within the UK. SAMBA 2019 (SAMBA19) took place on Thursday 27th June 2019. A questionnaire was used to collect hospital and patient-level data on the structure and organisation of acute care delivery. SAMBA19 sought to establish the frequency of frailty assessment tool use and describe acute frailty services nationally. Hospitals were classified based on the presence of acute frailty services and metrics of performance compared.ResultsA total of 3218 patients aged ≥70 admitted to 129 hospitals were recorded in SAMBA19. The use of frailty assessment tools was reported in 80 (62.0%) hospitals. The proportion of patients assessed for the presence of frailty in individual hospitals ranged from 2.2 to 100%. Bedded Acute Frailty Units were reported in 65 (50.3%) hospitals. There was significant variation in admission rates between hospitals. This was not explained by the presence of a frailty screening policy or presence of a dedicated frailty unit.ConclusionTwo fifths of participating UK hospitals did not have a routine frailty screening policy: where this existed, rates of assessment for frailty were variable and most at-risk patients were not assessed. Responses to positive results were poorly defined. The provision of acute frailty services is variable throughout the UK. Improvement is needed for the aspirations of national policy to be fully realised.

Княжьи сумерки. К 850-летию Андрея Боголюбского

The paper comes up with an adjustment of chronological evidence concerning the death of the Great Prince Andrey Bogolyubsky which allows determining the time of his death and establishing an historical and cultural memorial date. According to the oldest Hypatian and Laurentian Chronicles, the Prince was murdered in the year 6683 since the creation of the world, according to the First Novgorodian Chronicle — in 6682 (which corresponds to the years 1175 and 1174 C. E.). In the chronicle “Tale of the murder of Andrey Bogolyubsky” the time of the Prince`s death is defined as Saturday night which falls, on the one hand, on the eve of Ss. Peter and Paul feast day, i. e. June 28th, and, on the other hand, on the very day of Ss. Peter and Paul, i. e. June 29th. Since Ss. Peter and Paul feast fell on Saturday in the year 1174, but not in 1175, the historians came to the conclusion that Prince Andrey died in 1174, but not in 1175. The author ascertains that the chronicle data on the date of murder combine different types of evidence reflecting different variants of day reckoning: the “calendar” variant — day begins at midnight, and the “church-service” variant — day begins on an average six hours earlier, at sunset. A careful analysis of the “Tale” made it possible to conclude that the whole evidence is perfectly congruent in the hypothesis of evening twilight on the eve of Sunday as the time of Prince`s murder. According to the Old Russian manner of day reckoning the time of twilight could belong to Saturday June 28th (“calendar” day reckoning) as well as to Sunday June 29th (“church-service” day reckoning). In contemporary society it is “calendar” day reckoning which is in common use and thus the day June 28th 1175 of old style (Julian) corresponds to the day July 5th 1175 of new style (Gregorian) which is to become a historical and cultural date for the memory of Andrey Bogolyubsky.

Utilization of Agromet Advisory Bulletin for Enhancing Crop Yield of Paddy under Different Micro-Climatic Regimes

The Agromet Advisory bulletin was effectively used in the farming community and farmers got higher yield. Frontline demonstrations were conducted on climate resilient paddy variety Swarna sub -1 under three different microclimatic during kharif 2020-21in Cachar district. Due to the timely receiving of weather forecast and agromet advisory bulletin, the farmers could save the crop damages from the flood during kharif 2020–21. Three different microclimatic regimes (MR) viz. 15th June, 25th June and 5th July,2020–21 were selected for assessment of crop weather relationships. Results showed that the crop sown on 25th June gave higher yield as compared to the first and third sowing dates during kharif 2020–21.

Compression of the Inferior Alveolar Canal by Mandibular Third Molar among Images Taken from Patients Visiting Dental Imaging Centres of Kathmandu: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study.

Third molars are common teeth to be impacted. The position of mandibular third molar is such that it is in close contact with inferior alveolar canal which may lead to nerve damage during its removal. So, this study was conducted to find out the prevalence of compression of inferior alveolar canal by mandibular third molars. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on images collected from Dental Imaging Centers of Nepal from 25th June 2020 to 15th February 2021 after obtaining ethical clearance from Nepal Health Research Council (Reference number: 2100). A convenience sampling method was used to collect 433 cone-beam computed tomography images showing the relation between the third molars and inferior alveolar canal. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for the binary data. Out of 433 images, 135 (31.17%) (26.80-35.53 at 95% Confidence Interval) images showed compression of inferior alveolar nerve by mandibular third molar. The study result indicated that 16 (11.85%) buccally placed, 50 (37.03%) lingually placed and 69 (51.11%) inferiorly placed inferior alveolar canal were compressed by apices of mandibular third molars. The prevalence of compression of inferior alveolar canal by mandibular third molar was found to be similar to other studies done in similar settings. Compression of the canal was more evident when inferior alveolar canal is situated lingually.

Localizing National Issue as a Campaign Strategy in West Java Governor Election 2018

West Java becomes one of central attention in the governor election in 2018. This article attempts to depict how the strategy of the governor candidate pair Sudrajat-Akhmad Syaikhu (henceforth ASYIK) in gaining the votes in the local leader election. This study used a documentation method with a type of descriptive analysis. The data were taken from online media including Liputan6.com, Detik.com, Pikiran-Rakyat.com, and Republika.com. It was found that the ASYIK candidate pair used campaign strategy by localizing national issues so that it could increase the electability and gain a large number of votes on election day. Unexpectedly, by using this strategy, they could get second place with the most votes. Whereas, previously, from the findings of several survey institutions, the ASYIK pair was predicted to be in the third position with a large gap of electability and popularity behind the top two pairs. But, after final counting and recapitulation of the election that was held on 27th June 2018, ASYIK ranked in the top two after overtaking the pair of Dedy Mizwar – Dedy Mulyadi.

The impact of the Corona pandemic on psychological and mental health among students of the University of Mosul isolated at home

Background and Aim: Home quarantine or home isolate is an uncomfortable experience for most people because it restricts their freedom and causes them to be fearful of losing their employment, being bored, becoming isolated from others, fearing illnesses, experiencing sadness, and experiencing anxiety. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of anxiety, depression, and stress among graduating class students. The purpose of this study was to determine the degree of stress, anxiety, and depression among university students. To explore the relationships among mental health state (stress, anxiety, and depression) and demographic variables (gender, marital status, occupation, residence, and family Infected with COVID- 19. Method: A cross-sectional design using online data collection using Google forms was carried out from 27th June 2021 through 29th September 2021 to achieve the present study's objectives. A probability sample (random) consisted of 252 students consist of (150) male, (102) females were from the University of Mosul. The DASS is a 42-item questionnaire that contains three self-report measures for measuring depression, anxiety, and stress. Results: Male students scored higher average scores than female students in stress and depression, while females scored higher average scores in anxiety. Single students scored higher average scores than married in stress, anxiety, and depression. Students who had work scored higher than others in stress and depression. Conclusions: stress, anxiety, and depression were significantly positively correlated with each other (Ps < 0.01). Also, stress, anxiety, and depression were significantly correlated with each occupation and marital status (Ps < 0.01). Students who had Relatives infected with COVID-19 were significantly positively correlated with each stress and depression. Recommendations: Students' psychological state must be constantly measured, especially those who were infected with the virus or a member of their family, as well as lost their job and have a wife and children because they are the most psychologically affected groups due to the Corona pandemic.

Effectiveness of an Educational Program on Nurses’ knowledge about using Physiotherapy for Children with Pneumonia at Pediatric Hospitals in Babylon

Background: Physiotherapy is considered to aid in the removal of inflammatory exudates, tracheobronchial secretions, and airway blockages, as well as the reduction of airway resistance, in order to promote breathing and gas exchange. Aims of the study: This study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of educational program on improve nurses knowledge about using physiotherapy to remove sputum for children with pneumonia. Methodology: A pre–experimental design used in the present study with application of a (pre-test/ post-test I, post-test II), approach for the study group (One group), the study was carried out from 10th January 2021 to 27th June 2021 on nurses working at children's hospitals in Babylon. By using non probability sampling (purposive sample), the data collection process uses the self-administrating technique in which the nurse fills the questionnaire form by themselves; and analyzed through the descriptive and inferential statistic. Results: Results showed a highly significant differences at P&lt;0.01 toward effect of program through raising knowledge grades of studied respondents at the post1 period, and that could be enable confirms importance and successfulness of applying a proposed program. Conclusion: Educational program had a positive impact in the improvement of the nurses knowledge about using Physiotherapy for Children with Pneumonia, where the results of pre-test (42%), post-test 1 (80%), and post-test 2 (78%). Recommendations: The educational lectures and courses should be regularly done and updated for nurses' knowledge about using Physiotherapy for Children with Pneumonia

Blood sugar measurements in non-diabetic patients presented with COVID-19

Background: The new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak resulted in millions of co-morbidities and mortalities all over the world. The hyperglycemia with or without diabetes mellitus is prevalent in COVID-19 disease. Aim of study: To identify the prevalence of hyperglycemia in COVID-19 patients and to evaluate the relationship between hyperglycemia and severity of COVID-19 disease.Patients and methods: This study is a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in AL-Shifaa 14 Hospital in Kirkuk city-Iraq for duration of six months during the period from 1st of January till 30th of June, 2021 on convenient sample of 250 non-diabetic COVID-19 patients. The diagnosis of COVID-19 disease was confirmed by the supervisor according to clinical symptoms and signs, RT-PCR finding and CT-scan finding. The severity of COVID-19 disease was categorized by the supervisor according to Iraqi Ministry of Health guidelines.Results: The prevalence of hyperglycemia among COVID-19 patients was (8%). The COVID-19 severity of patients was classified into; mild (27.2%), moderate (13.6%) and severe (59.2%). The means of random blood sugar and HBA1c were significantly increased among patients with severe COVID-19 disease (p

Factors Influencing Medical Students' Choice Regarding Anaesthesiology as a Future Career at King Abdulaziz University Hospital Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

Aims: Our study aimed to identify whether anesthesiology is a desired specialty among medical students at King Abdulaziz University and what factors may have influenced or hindered their decision.&#x0D; Study Design: Cross‑sectional study.&#x0D; Study Setting: At King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between June 8th, 2019 till June 25th, 2019.&#x0D; Methodology: An online questionnaire was distributed to all 700 5th and 6th year medical students at King Abdulaziz University Hospital and they were asked to fill it anonymously. Pre-clinical medical students (2nd, 3rd and 4th years) were excluded due to their lack of exposure to the field of anesthesiology. The estimated sample size was a random 248 medical students of KAUH.&#x0D; Results: Our results showed that the most preferred specialties were Internal medicine (37.9%), followed by surgery (35.5%), then family medicine (27%). While the field of anesthesiology was chosen by 14.5% of the participants. However, in response to a separate question, 79.8% of the respondents have not considered it as their future career.&#x0D; Many considered Doctor-patient relationship to have the greatest influence (81.7%), followed by controllable lifestyle (80%), while income 71% and prestige 63.2% were less influential factors for those career decisions.&#x0D; Conclusion: It is essential to show medical students that anesthesiologists do interact with patients and increase their interaction with influential individuals in this field since they are capable of positively adjusting their viewpoints.

Design suggestions on modified self-sustainable space toilet

The present research investigates the design of compact and lightweight waste collection system (WCS) for interplanetary missions such as Mars, and the Moon as well as the space with the required features of NASA’s lunar loo challenge (released date: 25th June, 2020). Existing space toilets’ WCS store waste in small plastic bags and these bags are thrown in the space which increases the space junk. If these WCS are used on planets, they could pollute the planets. The newly designed—unisex and self-sustainable space toilet meets its objective of intimacy and warmth for the astronauts as it is equipped with all essential features such as (a) the basin for vomit collection, (b) the rotating waste storage based on the mechanism of artificial gravity, and (c) the noiseless bellow pump for air flow flushing system (AFFS). The WCS is designed for the storage of urine, faeces, vomit, diarrhoea, and menses. In the first half of the research article, the focus is kept on improving self-sustainability of the present WCS. In the second half of the present investigation analyses are done for multiphase flows of the CFD analysis in ANSYS fluent to simulate the flow of air through the nozzle provided with (a) the seat, (b) the urine funnel, and (c) the basin for air flow flushing system (AFFS). The design of the present self-sustainable space toilet proposed herewith is justified suitable for different gravitational conditions such as (a) Mars (3.721 m/s2), (b) the Moon (1.62 m/s2), and (c) the zero—or microgravity i.e., the space gravity. The proposed solar-operated WCS could be integrated to function with (a) water recovery and management (WRM) system, (b) the inbuilt composting unit, and (c) the bioregenerative life support system (BLSS). Furthermore, the assessment of the required electrical energy derived from the solar energy (harnessed using efficient solar photovoltaic (PV) modules) is conceptualized for the effective functioning of the present self-sustainable WCS.Article highlightsThe present investigation explores into the design of lightweight and compact WCS for interplanetary missions such as Mars and the Moon, as well as space missions with the functionality listed by NASA's lunar toilet competition (released date: 25th June, 2020).The actual space toilets, which are used on the International Space Station (ISS), are not designed to withstand varying gravity circumstances.The new advanced—unisex and self-sustaining space toilet achieves its goal of intimacy and warmth for astronauts by including all necessary features such as (a) a vomit collection basin, (b) rotating waste storage based on artificial gravity mechanism, and (c) a noiseless bellow pump for air flow flushing system (AFFS).

The Genetic Landscape of Patent Foramen Ovale: A Systematic Review.

Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) is a common postnatal defect of cardiac atrial septation. A certain degree of familial aggregation has been reported. Animal studies suggest the involvement of the Notch pathway and other cardiac transcription factors (GATA4, TBX20, NKX2-5) in Foramen Ovale closure. This review evaluates the contribution of genetic alterations in PFO development. We systematically reviewed studies that assessed rare and common variants in subjects with PFO. The protocol was registered with PROSPERO and followed MOOSE guidelines. We systematically searched English studies reporting rates of variants in PFO subjects until the 30th of June 2021. Among 1231 studies, we included four studies: two of them assessed the NKX2-5 gene, the remaining reported variants of chromosome 4q25 and the GATA4 S377G variant, respectively. We did not find any variant associated with PFO, except for the rs2200733 variant of chromosome 4q25 in atrial fibrillation patients. Despite the scarceness of evidence so far, animal studies and other studies that did not fulfil the criteria to be included in the review indicate a robust genetic background in PFO. More research is needed on the genetic determinants of PFO.

Effects of initial weight on growth criteria of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella cultivated in earthen ponds

The current experiment was conducted in the Agricultural Research Station-Aquaculture Unit, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah from 27th June to 10th Nov 2020 in Al-Hartha District about 16 km northern-east of Basrah Governorate (30o65`64.6"N, 47o 74`79.5"E). Six earthen ponds (600 m3) were used to investigate the effect of three different initial weights of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella [220.1-276.8 g (T1); 146.5-169.3 g (T2); 81.5-82.7 g (T3)]. Fishes were fed 3% daily using commercial pellets manufactured by Agricultural Consultant Office. The results of the current study indicated that T1 had better growth criteria (WI= 296.8 g, DGR= 2.53 g/day, SGR= 0.59%/day and FCR 5.23) compared with the other two treatments. There was a negative allometric pattern of growth (b less than 3) in the three treatments before and after the experiment. Statistical analysis of the results proved that there were significant differences (P≤0.05) in the modified condition factor (Kb) between the three treatments at the end of the experiment, while there were no significant differences (P&gt;0.05) in the relative condition factor (Kn) and Fulton’s condition factor (K). It was concluded from the current experiment that the initial average weight of the grass carp must not be less than 250 g to achieved good results for fish culturist.

Study Tanner staging of β- thalassemic patients attending thalassemic Center in Ibn Al-Atheer Teaching Pediatric Hospital

Purpose: determine any relationship between tanner staging of the patients and transfusion program, iron overload and chelation therapy and study tanner staging of β- thalassemic patients attending Thalassemic Center in Ibn Al-Atheer Teaching Pediatric Hospital. Patients and Methods: A descriptive-analytic study (case series study) was done on β- thalassemic patients attending Thalassemia Center in Ibn Al- Atheer Teaching Hospital in Mosul, during the period from the 1st of January to the 30th of June 2019.Sixty patients with β- thalassemia, 45 of them are β- thalassemia major cases and 15 are β- thalassemia intermedia cases. The patients of the major type were sub-classified into 3 groups according to their ages: Group 1, Patients from the age of ≥ 13 years; Group 2, Patients from the age of 14 years to 16 years and Group 3, Patients from the age of more than 17 years. Results: current study showed male (77.78, 66.67) % more than female (22.22; 33.33) % in both types of thalassemia (Major and Intermedia) respectively.so the most of the patients in this study live in urban areas (58.33%) and (41.67%) in rural areas, mean age at diagnosis of thalassemia major was 7.16 months, Delayed tanner staging was found in 64.44% of patients with thalassemia major, while in thalassemia intermedia only 33.33% were considered to be on a delayed stage. as well as 4(80%) of Tanner Stage (II) for pateints in age group (≥ 13) years compare to 20% for stage (III), so 50% for both stage (II and III) respectively in age group (14-16) years. Conclusion: Two-third of the patients with thalassemia major had delayed puberty (64.44%), while one- third of the patients with thalassemia intermedia had delayed pubertal development (33.33%).

The Influence of Different Risk Factors on COVID-19 Outcomes in Adult Patients - An Observational-Descriptive Study.

The aim of our study was to investigate the predictors of morbidity (age, gender, smoking habits, obesity and the presence of chronic diseases) and COVID-19 outcomes. The research was an observational descriptive study, conducted at The Family Medicine Education Center, The Primary Health Care Center, Banja Luka, in the period from 26th June to 31st December 2020. During the research period, seven family medicine teams followed their patients with COVID- 19, and recorded possible predictors for morbidity and their influence on the disease outcome. The study included 934 patients, 46.90% of whom were male. The majority of subjects were non-smokers and overweight. Diabetes was found in 5.57% patients, hypertension in 29.44%, chronic respiratory diseases in 5.25%, cancer in 4.39% patients. In the observed sample, 29.23% subjects contracted pneumonia, 18.52% were hospitalized, while 19 (2.03%) patients with severe clinical features had a fatal outcome. Multivariable regression analysis showed a high risk of pneumonia in male patients [OR=2.45, 95% CI (1.73- 3.46)], elderly [OR=1.07, 95% CI (1.06-1.09)] and obese patients with Body Mass Index ≥30.0 kg/m2 [OR=2.55, 95% CI (1.73- 3.77)]. Male gender [OR=2.19, 95% CI (1.11-4.31)], older age [OR=1.08, 95% CI (1.05-1.11)] and hypertension [OR=2.51, 95% CI (1.06-5.91)] were the most important predictors for the development of severe clinical features in COVID 19. The statistically significant predictors of mortality were male gender [OR=7.16, 95% CI (1.56-32.86)] and older age [OR=1.12, 95% CI (1.06-1.18]. Being familiar with the predictors of morbidity and poor outcome in COVID-19 is helpful for carrying out preventive measures, early diagnosis and treatment of risk groups of patients.

Fundamental Changes Introduced by the New Swiss Rules of Mediation After the 2019 Revision – New Regulations Compatible with Singapore Convention on Mediation

Mediation, as an alternative dispute resolution method, is widely preferred by parties with disputes in many countries. For this reason, in relation to alternative dispute resolution methods including mediation, both in Anglo-American Law and in Continental European Law, various technical and legal arrangements have been made. In Swiss Law, mediation gained legal ground when the Swiss Federal Code of Civil Procedure Law became effective on the 1st of January, 2011. Accordingly, in Switzerland mediation takes place as per articles 213 to 218 of the Federal Swiss Civil Procedures law. While developments related to Ad Hoc mediation were specified in Swiss law, mediation rules were also foreseen at the various Instituonal arbitration centers. Accordingly, the Swiss Chambers’ Arbitration Institution accepted mediation rules for the first time in addition to the arbitration rules in 2007. In this way, the Swiss Rules of Commercial Mediation, arranged by the Swiss Chambers were provided for those making applications in the year 2007. Furthermore, on the 1st of July 2019, the Swiss Chambers’ Arbitration Institution revised the Swiss Rules of Commercial Mediation, which they accepted in 2007. Hence, the Swiss Rules of Mediation which were revised as of the 1st of July 2019, replaced the Swiss Commercial Mediation Rules of year 2007. In the revision of the Swiss Rules of Mediation on the 1st of July 2019, developments related to the UNCITRAL United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation approved on the 25th of June, 2018 have become effective. Following the 2019 revision, the Swiss Rules of Mediation have become one of the regulations bringing out rules that are in conformity with the developments foreseen in the Singapore Convention on Mediation. In our study, the aim was to reveal the fundamental changes brought up with the application of the Swiss Rules of Mediation since the 1st of July 2019.

Effect of elevated CO2 and temperature on growth and yield of winter rice under Jorhat condition

&#x0D; A pot experiment was conducted during kharif, 2018 inside CO2 Temperature Gradient Tunnels (CTGT) to assess the effect of elevated CO2 and temperature [T0: ambient temperature &amp; ambient CO2, T1: elevated temperature (ambient +1°C) &amp; elevated CO2 (ambient+25% of ambient) and T2: elevated temperature (ambient +2°C) &amp; elevated CO2 (ambient + 50% of ambient)] under three different transplanting dates (D1: 25th June, D2: 10th July and D3: 25th July) on growth and yield of rice in Jorhat district of Assam. The result showed that occurrence of different phenological stages was earlier under elevated CO2-Temperature conditions resulting in reduction of crop duration by about 8-15 days. On the other hand,days to tiller initiation increased whereas days to panicle initiation, flowering and physiological maturity reduced with delay in transplanting. Yield attributing parameters were improved under elevated CO2-Temperature condition. With respect to dates of transplanting, D2 recorded higher number of panicles hill-1 (17.9) and higher filled grains panicle-1 (156.6). Higher grain yield (55.9g hill-1) was found under T2 which was at par with T1 and it was significant higher over the ambient. Grain yield was significantly reduced when transplanting was delayed after 10th July. The results revealed that the growth and yield of rice was found to be better under elevated CO2-temperature levels when transplanted on 10th July.&#x0D;