Jumper Wires Research Articles

Smart Home Automation System Using IOT

While the cost of living is going up, there is a growing focus to involve technology to lower those prices. With this in mind the Smart Home research allows the user to build and maintain a house that is smart enough to keep energy levels down while providing more automated applications. This concept can be suitably included to make our house smarter, saver, energy efficient and automated. This research focuses on building a save, automated system by using the internet connection that will smartly control the appliances like Lights, Fan, and other electrical appliances in our home. A smart home will take advantage of its environment and allow seamless control whether the user is present or away. This paper helps in saving the cost of electricity at home as well as saving the environment using wireless connections. With a home that has this advantage, you can know that your home is performing at its best in energy performance. By implementing this system, it is possible to explore a variety of different engineering challenges, including software programming arduino IDE, Wi-Fi, nodemcu, relay module, jumper wires and DC supply power. It can be control through smartphone. With prototype model, standard updates are basically a requirements. However, based on the result, this automation system provides great insights to the challenges of software and hardware design.

Importance of Power Pole Selection When Retrofitting for Eagle Compensatory Mitigation

AbstractIn the United States, the bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus and golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos are managed by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to ensure the species are stable or increasing while allowing for potentially negative effects from anthropogenic sources. Compensatory mitigation, through retrofitting high-risk power poles to reduce electrocutions, can be used to offset negative effects, enabling the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to achieve their management objectives of species stability and persistence. Regulators, permit holders, electric utilities, and consultants lack an objective and repeatable method for discriminating between high-risk and low-risk power poles. To illustrate the importance of accurately identifying and retrofitting high-risk poles, we compare conservation benefits among three retrofitting project scenarios: 1) high-risk poles only, 2) a circuit of both low- and high-risk poles, and 3) low-risk poles only. We assert that, in the absence of a common definition of high-risk power poles applied uniformly across the landscape, mitigation approved by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service could fall short of its intended value and be unable to meet management objectives. We define high-risk poles in the context of compensatory mitigation as poles in high-quality bald or golden eagle habitat with a relative risk index ≥ 0.40 based on number of phases, number of jumper wires, and presence of pole grounding. We estimate that the conservation benefit of retrofitting a high-risk pole is at least 5.25 times greater than the benefit of retrofitting a low-risk pole. In the long-term, if compensatory mitigation intended to achieve management objectives falls short of its assumed conservation value, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service could be forced to limit future permit authorizations until bald or golden eagles can recover from incorrectly calculated conservation benefits. To avoid that negative outcome, we recommend that the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service set consistent and transparent standards for identifying poles to count as compensatory mitigation credit using our proposed definition of a high-risk power pole.

Integrated Approach to Clean and Green Environment Estimation

Abstract: This paper delineates a prototype for assessing, viewing, and estimating some environmental constraints such as temperature, humidity, toxic gas levels in intensely contaminated regions, and collection of garbage in the surrounding areas. This system was developed using the Arduino Uno microcontroller and various sensors namely DHT11, MQ-135, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic, it is a device of great scalability levels, price effectiveness and suitable for other environmental monitoring applications. Environmental air parameters directly have an effect on the current entity, and will amend from regularity or maybe every single second in a while, with a speedy manufacture beyond several decades earlier and dramatic increase of demand for individuals to observe the native air quality. The atmosphere is a tumultuous system, air quality is predisposed by several aspects and may vary hastily. Air constraints and quality directly have an effect on human’s normal lives, and also wellbeing of outside tasks. At present times, technologies are getting smarter day-by-day, as to clean the environment waste management system was developed by using Arduino. This Ultrasonic sensor is integrated to the microcontroller and is positioned on the top of the dustbin. If dustbin is not upheld then this can cause an insalubrious environment and further affects the people living in close proximities this article comprises comprehensive illustration of the system architecture, hardware and software requirements. The practicality of the system is validated through the publication of the outcomes achieved. Keywords: DHT11 sensor, MQ-135 sensor, HC-SR04 Ultrasonic sensor, Arduino UNO, Jumper wires.

Internet of Things Based Approach to Detect Obstacle in Fog to Avoid Accidents

Human life is of the utmost importance. Every year, many people lose their lives in road accidents. Reasons for an accident are many like over-speeding, poor traffic system, drink and drive, rough driving, etc. this paper aims to develop a model that can be used in vehicles to identify accidents due to Zero visibility in fog in winters and alarming for the same to avoid it. IoT is an emerging technology and can be intensively used for intelligent transport systems. This paper aims to develop an automated IoT-enabled system to be used in cars for the detection and avoidance of accidents due to zero visibility in fog. To build this system, the Ultrasonic sensor will be integrated with Raspberry Pi along with other supportive components (power-bank, Jumper wires, breadboard, etc.).

Smart Dustbin using Sensors and Status Alert

Waste is an important issue, which needs to be tackled smartly. The main objective of the project is to design a smart dustbin which will help in keeping our environment clean and also eco friendly. We are inspired from Swaach Bharat Mission. Nowadays technologies are getting smarter day-by-day so, as to keep the environment clean we are designing a smart dustbin by using different sensors .This smart dustbin will perform two main operation that is segregation and level detection .In segregation we will segregate waste in three main types Dry, Wet , Metal. Generate. We are adding this feature to maintain healthy environment and can reduce pollute that affect our health. In this proposed technology we have designed a smart dustbin using microcontroller along with different sensors, servo motor, battery and jumper wire. After all hardware and software connection, now Smart Dustbin program will run. Dustbin lid will open when someone comes near at some range than wait for user to put garbage and close it. It’s properly running or not. For social it will help toward health and hygiene, for business for we try to make it affordable to many as many possible. So that normal people to rich people can take benefit from it.

Design and construction of a sensor analytic system for the monitoring of the parameters of a plastic injection mould

PurposeValues of parameters such as temperature, humidity, number of plastic products and the location of plastic injection moulds are required to determine the efficiency of plastic injection moulds with a view to improving the quality of the outputs. This article determined the appropriate sensors for the measurement of these essential parameters in the most suitable form of representation of the data to aid a proficient analysis of the data.Design/methodology/approachThe outputs of these sensors were obtained by connecting the sensors to the general-purpose input/output (GPIO) pins of a Raspberry Pi and writing a Python programme for the connected GPIO pins. The values of the outputs of these sensors were represented in a graphical form. The connection of the Raspberry Pi and the sensors were done with a full-sized breadboard and jumper wires. A computer-aided design (CAD) of the connections was produced using Fritzing software.FindingsThe appropriate sensors determined are MLX90614 infrared thermometer sensor, DHT11 humidity sensor, pixy2 vision sensor and Neo-6m GPS sensor. This study proposed that the sensors analytic system be applied on an industrial plastic injection mould to measure and display the various parameters of the injection moulds for the purpose of understanding and improving the performance of the injection mouldOriginality/valueAn electronic system that provides the continuous values of essential parameters of a plastic injection mould in operation.

A Fully Customizable RFID Research Platform With Exchangeable Modules

This manuscript presents the design and implementation of a passive, modular, computational ultra high frequency (UHF) radio frequency identification (RFID) research platform. The proposed platform consists of a software defined radio (SDR) reader and a modular UHF RFID tag. Such a tag can be subdivided into a number of modules (e.g., Modulator, Rectifier, etc.), which have been separated and optimized for easy connectability using sub-miniature A (SMA) connectors and standard jumper wires. Experimental results of module specific parameters show the accessibility of each section and prove the platform’s value for designing novel UHF RFID solutions.

Design and Construction of a Sensor Analytics System for the Monitoring of the Parameters of a Plastic Injection Mould

Values of parameters such as temperature, humidity, number of plastic products and the location of plastic injection moulds are required to determine the efficiency of plastic injection moulds with a view to improving the quality of the outputs. This article determined the appropriate sensors for the measurement of these essential parameters in the most suitable form of representation of the data to aid a proficient analysis of the data. A network of sensors for the measurement and analysis of the parameters of plastic injection moulds in operation was designed and constructed. The outputs of these sensors were obtained by connecting the sensors to the General-Purpose Input/Output (GPIO) pins of a Raspberry Pi and writing a Python programme for the connected GPIO pins. The values of the outputs of these sensors were represented in graphical form. The connection of the Raspberry Pi and the sensors were done with a full-sized breadboard and jumper wires. A computer-aided design (CAD) of the connections was produced using Fritzing software. The appropriate sensors determined are MLX90614 infrared thermometer sensor, DHT11 humidity sensor, pixy2 vision sensor and Neo-6m GPS sensor. The output values of these sensors were plotted on a graph with the aid of a Python programme. The plastic industry has grown into a very broad industry as plastics are used to manufacture many materials. This makes it essential to ensure the efficiency of the industrial machines used in the making of these plastic products by using sensors to measure the parameters of a plastic injection mould in operation. This study therefore suggested the measurement of industrial plastic injection moulds with the use of the built sensors analytics system for the purpose of understanding and improving the performance of the injection mould.

A multivibrator and oscillator trainer kit for an emerging pedagogy in engineering

Implementation of a complex circuit with hardware components in a conventional way seems to be quite difficult for the students. Resultant wave-shapes may not be accurate and determined values of different parameters may not be exact. Due to inaccurate outcomes and time-consuming process in a conventional way, researchers despond to continue their approach. In this paper, a trainer kit has been developed which is just like a laboratory with necessary components and aims to implement multivibrators (Bistable, Monostable, and Astable) and RC phase shift oscillators in the laboratory. A variable power supply is constructed in the trainer kit that provides 9 V dc to the multivibrators and 15 V dc to the oscillator. Potentiometer, voltage regulator, different active and passive components such as resistors, capacitor, op-amp, transistor, and numerous jumper wires are introduced in this kit. The trainer kit ascertains an easy implementation by eliminating complexity and assures accurate wave-shapes at the oscilloscope within a short time. To validate the proposed system, a survey program has been introduced among many students and faculty members. The outcome of the survey is the demonstration of student and instructor views and opinions which acknowledges the trainer kit as an efficient and compatible working platform.

Research on Failure Mechanisms of Broken Strands of Jumper Wires for EHV Transmission Lines in Strong-Wind Areas

The jumper wires of an extra-high voltage (EHV) transmission line in strong-wind areas in Northwest China frequently break down. We installed some acquisition devices to collect the data of the jumper wires and wind speed in the fault area of one 750-kV transmission line. We also developed a swing simulation machine based on the collected data. The machine could simulate the swing condition of the jumper wires under various wind speeds. We analyzed the broken aluminum wires obtained from the simulation experiment of jumper wires. Yield lines appeared on the surface of the broken aluminum wires in the simulation experiment. Proliferation of dislocation and grain deformation occurred in the broken aluminum wires using transmission electron microscopy observation. The results show that the aluminum wires in the experiment under a Level-6 wind and above were in a full yield state and demonstrated strain-fatigue failure condition. The fracture of the broken aluminum wires showed distinct strain-fatigue fracture characteristics using the scanning electron microscope fracture morphology analysis. From the combination of the abovementioned research, we conclude that the failure mechanism of the broken strands of the jumper wires of the EHV transmission line in the strong-wind area is mainly a strain-fatigue failure mechanism.

Comprehensive analysis of bird mortality along power distribution lines in Slovakia

Abstract Collisions and electrocutions on power lines are known to kill large numbers of birds annually on a global scale. We conducted comprehensive research focused on bird mortality caused by 22 kV and 110 kV distribution power lines in 13 Special Protection Areas in Slovakia. In the period between December 2014 and February 2016, 6,235 km of power lines were inspected twice during two periods (12/2014–03/2015 and 04/2015–02/2016) of field survey. In addition an intensive study was conducted during the second field survey at one-month intervals on power lines identified as the most dangerous for birds to collide with. As a result, 4,353 bird carcasses and bird remains representing 84 bird species and 14 orders were identified. Electrocution was suspected for 76.72% and collision for 23.28% of fatalities. Raptors were associated with 40% of all identified victims of electrocution. Two peaks of incidence were recorded, the first in March with a high rate of electrocutions as well as collisions of swans, pheasants, common blackbirds, ducks and herons, and the second in September predominantly featuring electrocution of raptors, magpies and corvids. We were unable to quantify seasonal patterns of mortality due to the limited sample of repeated mortality surveys resulting from the large grid of inspected power lines. We conducted comprehensive statistical analysis of more than 100 configurations of pylons and calculated their potential risk towards birds. Strong spatial correlation was revealed in the data set. Metal branch pylons and corner pylons with exposed jumper wires passing over the supporting insulators above the cross arms were the most dangerous configuration, accounting for 34.72% of total recorded electrocution fatalities (0.13 carcass/pylon). Cases of electrocution were also recorded for two bird species of major conservation concern in Slovakia: saker falcon (Falco cherrug) and eastern imperial eagle (Aquila heliaca). The results of this study may substantially improve conservation management and policies needed to reduce bird mortality.

Calculation study regarding hot gases rising due to arcs and arc jets generated between arcing horns on 66 kV overhead transmission lines

Lightning to an overhead transmission line system can cause a breakdown between arcing horns of the lower line and a jumper wire of the upper line due to the rising of hot gases generated by arc jets between arcing horns. This article describes the experiments and the calculations regarding the rising of the hot gases for the case of 66 kV overhead transmission lines. The calculations were carried out considering the length of the arc jet, the electromagnetic force acting between the arc jet and the arc column, the force due to the arc jet spouting from the arcing horn, and the buoyant force of the hot gases for various arc currents and two types of arcing horn. As a result, it was found that the calculation results showed a tendency similar to the experimental ones. Furthermore, the breakdown phenomena between the arcing horns and the jumper wire were also investigated using the calculation results. © 2019 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Design and Development of Temperature and Humidity Monitoring System

The temperature and humidity monitoring system was developed using various components viz., Arduino Uno, DHT11 sensor, universal serial bus (USB) type B cable, adaptor, DC power jack, 9-V battery connector, 9-V DC battery, resistor, liquid-crystal display (LCD) screen, trimmer potentiometer, light-emitting diode (LED) bulbs, jumper wires, micro secure digital (SD) card module, printed circuit board (PCB), etc. The field testing of the developed temperature and humidity monitoring system was carried out at various locations of the college campus. It was observed that the system worked between the percent variation of 0–8.00% for temperature and 0–5.97% for humidity. The developed system showed the accuracy of ±2°C for temperature and ±4% for humidity. The total cost incurred for the development of temperature and humidity monitoring system along with all accessories was ₹1625.

Smart Farming using IoT, a solution for optimally monitoring farming conditions

Internet of Things (IoT) is present and future of every field impacting everyone’s life by making everything intelligent. It is a network of different devices which make a self-configuring network. The new developments of Smart Farming with use of IoT, by day turning the face of conventional agriculture methods by not only making it optimal but also making it cost efficient for farmers and reducing crop wastage. The aim is to propose a technology which can generate messages on different platforms to notify farmers. The product will assist farmers by getting live data (Temperature, humidity, soil moisture, UV index, IR) from the farmland to take necessary steps to enable them to do smart farming by also increasing their crop yields and saving resources (water, fertilizers). The product proposed in this paper uses ESP32s Node MCU, breadboard, DHT11 Temperature and Humidity Sensor, Soil Moisture Sensor, SI1145 Digital UV Index / IR / Visible Light Sensor, Jumper wires, LEDs and live data feed can be monitored on serial monitor and Blynk mobile. This will allow farmer to manage their crop with new age in farming.

Project Amihan: Online Air Monitoring System for Selected Areas along McArthur Highway, Valenzuela City

Purpose: Air pollution, through the years, is a major problem in the Philippines. Different illnesses came about as its consequence. To mitigate air pollution particularly in Valenzuela, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources with the help of Valenzuela City Governments City Environment and Natural Resources Office installed an air monitoring system. Inspired by such technological innovation, the researchers aimed to design and develop Project Amihan: Online Air Monitoring System for Selected Areas along McArthur Highway, Valenzuela City. The study is significant to Valenzuela residents along McArthur Highway, to the community, educational institutions, the government, and future researchers. Method: For data gathering, survey and interview was used. The researchers method was Agile Prototyping Model and they used Arduino Uno microcontroller, wi fi module, gas sensors, and jumper wires for the hardware; HTML, PHP, JavaScript, jQuery, Ajax to develop the website and embed the system, as well as a webhost to disseminate information. The system was tested in four (4) selected areas along McArthur Highway of Valenzuela namely: Balintawak Beer Brewery (BBB), Fatima, Karuhatan, and Malinta. Twenty (20) Valenzuela residents and five (5) IT Experts served as respondents who evaluated the system. Five-point Likert Scale using the ISO 9126 as the standard reference was used to evaluate it. Results: The system was evaluated 4.17 or Very Acceptable by the end-users, 4.49 or Very Acceptable by the IT Experts and garnered an overall mean of 4.33 which is equivalent to Very Acceptable. The information derived from the air monitoring system was disseminated through a website and email notification to raise awareness by providing insights of what bad air may cause the residents. Conclusion: In conclusion, the system most notably detected Carbon Dioxide (CO2) gas in the air. It can monitor the Carbon Dioxide gas in the air as its innovation. Pollutants in the four selected locations varied at different time schedules. Such areas are not always polluted, but it happens mostly during rush hours Recommendations: Users must sign up in the system to receive a notification if ever the air quality reaches the dangerous level; the city government as the beneficiary of the said system shouldprovide a stable internet connection for the system to have real-time monitoring of the air quality along McArthur Highway. Research Implications: Future developers must integrate more sensors to improve the accuracy of the current system and they may opt to integrate a renewable power source such as solar panel for the system so it can run even without the citys electric power supply.

Lab circuit boards you can build

For use in our physics laboratory courses, we designed and constructed inexpensive and easy-to-use circuit boards for conducting electrical experiments. These ready-made circuit boards allow students to investigate simple circuits without breadboarding, and reduce the overhead of drawers of resistors, capacitors, and jumper wires.

Iot Based Smart Door Lock System

These days’ people are sky rocketing in technological advancements. This ushered to a lifestyle that’s become a child’s play. We are in pursuit of emerged advanced technologies and software with every single passing day. In the huge efforts of making our lives simpler and better we are contributing a fraction of a part through our project – SMART DOORS. Smart doors are a simple project that assists people in gaining the control to access the doors. Smart doors project prevents the entry of unauthorized personnel. This uses a simple Arduino board with a few lines of code dumped in it, a hexadecimal keypad and some jumper wires. The predominant attribute of this project is the Arduino board that facilitates the usage of this project. With this it is ready to be set up anywhere and everywhere with utmost expedite efforts. This prevents security breaches and helps establish a secure environment in and around.

Web-Based Design and Implementation of Smart Home Appliances Control System

Minimising energy wastage is vital for economic development. This paper deployed a web-based design and implementation of smart electric home appliances control, which enable owners to remotely use web access to efficiently control their home appliances energy usage. Node MCU, breadboard, light emitting diodes (LED), relays, resistors, electric wires, Wi-Fi device (smart phone, tablets or computer), jumper wires, transistor, direct current (DC) motor, universal serial board (USB) cable, printed circuit board (PCB), C programming language and Arduino IDE (Integrated Development Environment) were used, for circuit design and implementation. C programming codes were written and compiled in Arduino IDE device, then uploaded into Node MCU through USB cable to control energy usage of electrical appliance (DC motor) connected to the circuit. The control was achieved by turning ON the DC motor when needed and OFF, when not in use, remotely via web. Whenever appliance was OFF, LED showed red color and green LED lights up when appliance was ON. Developed control system performed excellently and efficiently by significantly minimizing energy wastage, when appliances are not in use. Future research should consider smart home control systems able to record quantities of energy consumed at any period of the day.

A micro-controller based approach for digital microfluidic sensors

This work is oriented towards the study of digital microfluidic (DMF) devices. A DMF device is a liquid-droplets-handling platform with varied applications in the fields of medical diagnostics, drug discovery, chemical analysis, environmental monitoring, and basic scientific research. These operations can be performed in a rapid, low-cost, portable, and reliable environment using DMF devices. Two of the important elements of DMF devices are electro-wetting on dielectric phenomenon and hydrophobicity. Under an applied voltage of either AC or DC, the electro-wetting effect induces a reduction in the contact angle of the droplet with the hydrophobic surface. This enables manipulation of motion and position of droplets on the hydrophobic surface. In this work, the actuation of droplets on an open DMF device with a single array of electrodes is carried out. The fabrication of DMF plate is carried out on a copper covered plate by patterning using black tapes and etching using etchants. The circuit is arranged using PCB, jumper wires, 8-channel relay, 9V battery, ac-power regulator and a microcontroller (Arduino/Genuino UNO).

Single-Chip Implementation of Level-Crossing ADC for ECG Sampling

This work demonstrates for the first time the implementation of a level-crossing analog-to-digital converter (LC-ADC) in a single, commercially available IC (that costs less than $2). The implementation utilizes adaptive threshold levels in order to prevent overload distortions for fast-changing signals. The entire design is based on a 20-pin PIC16F1769 microcontroller from Microchip and no external components are required. In fact, the only external circuitry required is a single jumper wire. This is due to the fact that the new generation of microcontrollers have integrated core-independent hardware, analog as well as digital. This design takes full advantage of the core-independent logic and analog blocks in a PIC16F17xx circuit to implement the LC-ADC technique that so far has required multiple-circuit designs or ASIC implementation. The design is demonstrated on a standard electrocardiogram (ECG) signal.