Jump Test Results Research Articles

The Effect of Dynamic Warm-Up Exercise Durations on Different Jump Types in Young Male Boxers

This study was conducted to determine the effects of various durations of dynamic warm-up exercise on different jump types in young male boxers. Fourteen young male athletes (mean age: 16.86±1.03 years, height: 172.57±11.34 cm, body weight: 65.21±16.42 kg) voluntarily participated in the study, which employed a pretest-posttest experimental research model, a quantitative method, without a control group. The athletes were instructed to run for 5 minutes at an average heart rate of 120 beats/min, followed by dynamic stretching consisting of 10 different exercises for durations of 5, 10, and 15 minutes on different days. After each period of different dynamic exercises, the participants performed drop jump, countermovement jump, and squat jump tests. The SPSS package program was used to analyze the data obtained from the research. Repeated Measures ANOVA and the Bonferroni test, a post-hoc test, were applied to normally distributed data. Examining the drop jump test results, a significant difference was detected between the various dynamic warm-up times (p < .05), with the distance measured after the 10-minute exercise period higher than those following the 5- and 15-minute warm-up periods. There were no significant differences between the dynamic warm-up times (p ˃ .05) for the countermovement jump and squat jump tests. As a result, dynamic warm-up exercises were determined to improve the drop jump performance of young male boxers, with the 10-minute exercise duration more positively affecting drop jump performance than either the 5- or 15-minute warm-up periods.

PENGARUH LATIHAN ELASTIC BAND TERHADAP POWERR OTOT TUNGKAI DALAM SHOOTING CABANG OLAHRAGA SEPAK BOLA

The study wanted to find out the effect of elastic band training on leg muscle power in shooting soccer. The population used in this study was SSB Satria FC with a sample of 22 people using the total sampling technique. The instrument used is the standing broad jump test. By analyzing the data using the t-test on the research hypothesis. Based on the results of the study it was found that Sig 2-Tailed had a value of 0.000, so this study had different standing broad jump test results after the treatment group and the control group. So, the results of the elastic band training itself have an influence on the results of increasing leg power.

Association between Sprint and Jump Performance and Maximum Strength in Standing Calf Raise or Squat in Elite Youth Soccer Players.

Soccer is a complex sports discipline that requires players to engage in diverse high-intensity and multidirectional activities. The optimization of strength and conditioning programs requires a comprehensive understanding of the physical attributes influencing player performance. While previous research has demonstrated the influence of knee and hip extensor muscles on the performance in sprints and other explosive movements, this study aimed to establish the relationship between plantar flexor muscle strength and high-intensity actions. Back squat (BS) and calf raise (CR) one-repetition maxima as well as linear sprint (5-, 10-, 30 m) and drop jump performance from different heights (15, 30, 45 and 60 cm) were measured in 45 elite youth players (age: 16.62 ± 1.1 years). Results showed significant negative correlations between BS strength and sprint times (r = -0.60 to -0.61), confirming the importance of lower limb extensor muscle strength in short-distance sprints. While no significant correlations were found with sprint performances, CR strength was significantly associated with drop jump test results from 45 and 60 cm drop height (r = 0.36 to 0.46). These findings demonstrate that isolated CR strength positively influences the performance in actions involving rapid stretch-shortening cycles, which suggests that current strength and conditioning programs for youth soccer players should be extended to also include exercises specifically targeting the plantar flexor muscles. While this cross-sectional study provides novel insights into the complex interplay between muscle strength and soccer-specific performance, its findings need to be corroborated in longitudinal studies directly testing the impact of plantar flexor strength training.

Hubungan Daya Ledak Otot Tungkai Terhadap Hasil Lompat Jauh Di Sd Negeri 02 Pasmah Air Keruh

This research aims to: (1) determine the leg muscle explosive power of male fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 02 Pasmah Air Keruh Kepahiang. (2) The results of the long jump performance of male fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 02 Pasmah Air Keruh Kepahiang. (3) To investigate the relationship between leg muscle explosive power and long jump performance at SD 02 Pasmah Air Keruh. This study is a correlational descriptive research conducted at SD 02 Pasmah Air Keruh, Kepahiang Regency, Bengkulu Province. Research Procedure The research activities include several stages: (1) Standing broad jump test. (2) Preparing the equipment. (3) Test implementation. (4) Recording the results. Data collection technique in this research uses measurement test technique, while the data analysis technique includes test results, prerequisite test, and correlation test. The research results indicate that the leg muscle explosive power test results for fifth-grade students at SD Negeri 02 Pasmah Air Keruh fall into the "Sufficient" category. Based on the long jump test results, the average score is 4.29, which falls into the "Good" category. Based on the correlation test results, the significant value of leg muscle explosive power on long jump performance is 0.000, indicating a significant relationship between leg muscle explosive power and long jump performance with a Pearson Correlation coefficient of 0.819, signifying a high degree of correlation.

Effects of male paratroopers' initial body composition on changes in physical performance and recovery during a 20-day winter military field training.

Changes in physiological markers and physical performance in relation to paratroopers' initial body composition were investigated during a 20-day winter military field training (MFT) and the subsequent 10-day recovery period. Body composition, serum hormone concentrations and enzymatic biomarkers, and physical performance of 58 soldiers were measured before, during, and after MFT. Comparisons were done according to soldiers' body fat percentage before MFT between low-fat (<12% body fat) and high-fat (>12% body fat) groups. Correlations between body fat percentage preceding MFT and changes in muscle mass, physical performance, and serum hormone concentrations and enzymatic biomarkers were investigated. It was hypothesized that soldiers with a higher fat percentage would have smaller decrements in muscle mass, physical performance, and serum testosterone concentration. The change in muscle and fat mass was different between groups (p <0.001) as the low-fat group lost 0.8kg of muscle mass and 2.0kg of fat mass, while there was no change in muscle mass and a loss of 3.7kg of fat mass in the high-fat group during MFT. Fat percentage before MFT correlated with the changes in muscle mass (R2=0.26, p <0.001), serum testosterone concentration (R2=0.22, p <0.001), and evacuation test time (R2=0.10, p <0.05) during MFT. The change in muscle mass was correlated with the changes in evacuation test time (R2=0.11, p <0.05) and countermovement jump test results (R2=0.13, p <0.01) during MFT. Soldiers with a higher initial fat percentage lost less muscle mass, and had smaller decrements in some aspects of physical performance, as well as in serum testosterone concentration during MFT.

Assessing climbers' pull-up capabilities by differentiating the parameters involved in power production.

This study explored the capabilities of sport climbers to pull up with arms. The methodology aimed at assessing (i) concentric capabilities of arm muscles, (ii) body coordination skills (iii) characteristics of energy storage and (iv) capabilities to resist fatigue. Twenty-eight climbers were tested and the force exerted was recorded during three pull-up exercises: jump tests (with or without coordination, or preceded by an eccentric phase), incrementally weighted pull-ups and maximum number of pull-ups. Force, velocity, muscle power and muscle work were analysed using ANOVA with post-hoc tests and principal component analysis. Correlations with climbing level were also studied. Overall, jump test results showed that body coordination and stretch-shortening cycle phenomena contributed significantly to performance but only the body coordination was related to the climber's grade level. Muscle work and maximum number of pull-ups are correlated with climbing level which showed that the capacity to resist fatigue is another crucial capability of climbers arms. The development of force capacities appeared crucial for performing whereas the velocity capabilities seemed to originate from the climber's own characteristics/style without correlating with climbing performance. Our study provides the basis for evaluating these parameters in order to help trainers in the diagnosis process and training follow-up.

Investigation of the relationship between lower extremity functional performance of American football players and their anthropometric characteristics and jump test results

Objective: Hop tests have well-known benefits when evaluating the rehabilitation process after sports injuries. However, utilization of hop tests to evaluate functional athletic performance of healthy athletes is currently uncertain and is not common in clinical practice. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between hop performance, their symmetries and functional test performance in American Football (AmF) players. Materials and Methods: Twenty-six collegiate AmF players aged 20.9±2.5 years participated in this study. According to their playing positions, players categorized as Skill Players (SP), Big Skill Players (BSP) and Linemen (LM). Body Mass Index (BMI) and body fat ratio were measured. Then, subjects were performed hop tests and 10-yards Lower Extremity Functional Test (LEFT). Players were also analysed by dividing into low and high performers for LEFT, according to their LEFT test duration. Results: Hop test performance of the SP was superior to LM for SLH, TH, and CH. The performance of BSP was inferior to SP for CH, and was superior to LM for SLH. In LEFT, the SP group was significantly faster than LM. For LEFT, TH, CH and 6H test results were significantly different between low and high performer players. Conclusion: Hop tests may be utilized to evaluate the functional athletic performance of AmF players. Physical characteristics and playing positions should also be considered. Symmetry had no effect on LEFT.

Peningkatan Kondisi Fisik Menggunakan Metode Contrast Training pada Atlet Paralayang Kabupaten Ciamis Menghadapi Porprov Jawa Barat 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the contrast training method on physical conditions consisting of power, flexibility, agility, and balance. The research method used is experimental. The research design is a one-group pretest-posttest design is the research design used. The population used is the PGPI Paragliding Athletes in Ciamis Regency, totaling 15 sons, ranging in age from 16 to 20 years. The sampling technique is total sampling. Instrument test consists of vertical jump test, static flexibility test-shoulder &amp; wrist, zig-zag test, and flamingo balance test. The results showed that the data from the vertical jump test results showed a significant increase in the significance value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. Static flexibility test-shoulder &amp; wrist a significant increase proved the significance value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. The results of the zig-zag test data showed a significant increase in the significance value of 0.000 &lt;0.05. The results of the flamingo balance test data showed a significant increase in the significance value of 0.028 &lt; 0.05. Conclusion. A better and more appropriate contrast training method is given to paragliding athletes in Ciamis Regency. For coaches of physical condition to be able to apply the contrast training method by prioritizing training program innovations so that the physical condition of the athletes is getting better, especially their needs during matches.

Impaired cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular fitness in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis: a cross-sectional case–control study in the era of biologic drug therapies

BackgroundIn recent years, biologic drug therapies have altered the course of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) possibly also improving the patients’ physical fitness. However, studies measuring both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness in children with JIA are sparse and have failed to show consistent results.Our aim was to assess both cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular fitness and contributing factors in children and adolescents with JIA in the era of biologic drug therapies.MethodsThis cross-sectional study consisted of 73 JIA patients (25 boys, 48 girls) aged 6.8- 17.5 years and 73 healthy age- and sex-matched controls, investigated in 2017–2019. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by maximal ergospirometry and neuromuscular fitness by speed, agility, balance, and muscle strength tests.ResultsMeans (± SD) of maximal workload (Wmax/kg) and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak/kg,) were lower in JIA patients than in controls (Wmax/kg: 2.80 ± 0.54 vs. 3.14 ± 0.50 Watts, p < 0.01; VO2peak/kg: 38.7 ± 7.53 vs. 45.8 ± 6.59 ml/min/kg, p < 0.01). Shuttle-run, sit-up and standing long jump test results were lower in JIA patients than in controls (p < 0.01). Mean (± SD) daily activity was lower (89.0 ± 44.7 vs. 112.7 ± 62.1 min/day, p < 0.05), and sedentary time was higher (427 ± 213 vs. 343 ± 211 min/day, p < 0.05) in JIA patients compared to controls. Physical activity and cardiorespiratory or neuromuscular fitness were not associated with disease activity.ConclusionsJIA patients were physically less active and had lower cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular fitness than their same aged controls with no JIA. Therefore, JIA patients should be encouraged to engage in physical activities as a part of their multidisciplinary treatment protocols to prevent adverse health risks of low physical activity and fitness.

Analyzing the selected Eurofit test batteries of the children with Down syndrome and autism in the age range of 12-16 and receiving Montessori education

It is aimed in this study to analyze the effects of the Montessori education method on children with Down syndrome and autism having special training who have received and not received Montessori education through the Eurofit test batteries selected for motor skills and physical fitness. A total of 20 male children with Down syndrome and autism in the age range of 12 to 16 and receiving and not receiving Montessori education at two different special education and rehabilitation centers in Kayseri were included in the study. The treatment group included a total of 10 children, 5 with Down syndrome and 5 with autism, and the control group of 10 children, 5 with Down syndrome and 5 with autism. While the volunteers included in the treatment group received Montessori education, those included in the control group received a traditional education. In the study, the volunteers performed the selected Eurofit tests including flamingo balance, plate tapping, sit and reach, handgrip and standing long jump tests. When the results of the Eurofit test batteries of the treatment and control groups were examined, plate tapping and standing long jump test results were found significant in the comparison of the pretest and posttest of the treatment group (p &lt; 0.05). In the pretest and posttest comparison of the control group students, a significant difference was determined in the sit and reach test (p &lt; 0.05). In the posttest comparison of the control and treatment groups, a statistically significant difference was determined between the pretest and posttest measurements of the plate tapping and between the pretest and posttest measurements of the standing long jump (p&lt;0.05). In the pretest comparison of the control and treatment groups, no statistically significant difference was found between the pretest and posttest of flamingo balance, pretest and posttest of plate tapping, pretest and posttest of sit and reach, pretest and posttest of standing long jump and pretest and posttest of handgrip measurements of the control and treatment groups (p&gt;0.05). Consequently, the use of Montessori education materials supports the big and small muscle groups of children with disabilities since most of them learn about an object through touch. In our study, when some activity and motor skills of the children with down syndrome and autism in the special rehabilitation school that uses the Montessori education method were analyzed, it was observed that there was an improvement in their physical activities and some motor skills according to the results of plate tapping, standing long jump and sit and reach tests. It is recommended that education programs can be prepared by using Montessori Approach as part of the education programs applied in preschool education institutions and that they can be used more widely together with traditional education programs.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ISOKINETIC STRENGTH, VERTICAL JUMP, SPRINT SPEED, AGILITY AND YO-YO INTERMITTENT RECOVERY TEST PERFORMANCE IN SOCCER PLAYERS

The current study investigated the relationship between isokinetic knee strength, jump performance, agility, linear and repeated sprinting capacity and Yo-Yo IR1 test performance and the fatigue indices of some of these variables in semi-professional soccer players. Twenty semi-professional soccer players participated in this study, performing 6 tests: bilateral concentric isokinetic strength tests of the knee extensors and flexors (60◦.s-1 and 300◦.s-1), jump tests (countermovement, squat and repeated jumping), linear sprints (10 and 30 m), agility (Illinois test), Bangsbo repeated sprints (7 x 34.2 m), and Yo-Yo IR1 tests. While no isokinetic variables were significantly correlated with field test results, some jump test results correlated with AgiWB, 10- and 30-m sprint times, RSTMEAN and FIRS. Furthermore, the knee isokinetic strength (60◦.s-1 and 300◦.s-1) indices and jump capacities demonstrated moderate to strong relationships with each other. In addition, AgiWB correlated with the 10-m sprint times and RSTMEAN, 30-m linear sprint times correlated with 10-m sprint times and AgiWB, and FIRS and RSTMEAN correlated with the Yo-Yo IR1 test results. The results suggest that power output during CMJ and RJ tests and not isokinetic knee strength are informative in determining field conditioning parameters for semi-professional soccer players.&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt; Article visualizations:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img src="/-counters-/edu_01/0587/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

EFEITOS DO TRATAMENTO NEUROMUSCULAR SOBRE O EQUILÍBRIO POSTURAL EM ATLETAS NA REABILITAÇÃO DE LESÃO DO TORNOZELO

ABSTRACT Introduction: Posture is directly related to body balance, and both have great importance in movement. Body posture is affected by several human body factors in space, and neuromuscular athletes’ rehabilitation methods should be designed for an optimal return of postural stability. Objective: Explore the effects of neuromuscular treatment on postural balance rehabilitation of athletes’ ankle injuries. Methods: 20 athletes with functional ankle instability were randomized into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received neuromuscular treatment. The control group maintained standard muscle strength and joint activity rehabilitation exercises. The effects of two rehabilitative procedures were compared by Cumberland ankle instability assessment questionnaire, T-type agility test, and Sargent vertical jump test. Results: Agility after exercise was significantly lower than those before exercise by 0.8 versus 1s; there was no significant difference between the two groups before the experiment. Agility test results of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group (2s). Sargent's vertical jump test results were significantly different from those before the exercise (P &lt; 0.01). Conclusion: The postural balance showed good recovery with the neuromuscular treatment and the rehabilitation method of the athletes after the ankle injury. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

The Effect of Regular Exercises on Aerobic and Anaerobic Capacity Development

Exercise is a planned, structured and repeated form of physical activity with the aim of improving health or wellness. As the intensity, extent and length of exercise changes, its effect on metabolism also changes. The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of regular exercise on the development of aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Nine women and 14 men with a mean age of 19.17 ± 0.98 years, who had previously been involved in different sports branches (volleyball, handball, football and athletics) participated in this study. Participants applied a special exercise program for aerobic and anaerobic capacity development for six months. Before starting the exercise program of the participants, their height, body weight, 30-meters run, 60-meters run, 20-meters shuttle run and vertical jump measurements were made. The training effect was observed by repeating the measurements every month. Descriptive analyses, Repeated Anova and Paired Sample T Tests were used for statistical evaluation. Bonferroni Analysis, one of the Post-Hoc Tests, was performed to determine the differences between the data (p&lt;0.005). Statistically significant differences were found between the results of the 30-meters run, 60-meters run, 20-meters shuttle run and vertical jump test results in the first month of the participants and the same test results at the end of the 6th month (p&lt;0.001). There were statistically significant differences between the 30-meters run, 60-meters run, 20-meters shuttle run and vertical jump test results repeated every month (p&lt;0.001, p&lt;0.005). It was concluded that the exercise program applied had a positive effect on the development of aerobic and anaerobic capacity. Keywords: Sports performance, exercise effect, aerobic capacity, anaerobic capacity.

Does a Lower Limb Balance Test after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Have a Significant Correlation with Postoperative Clinical Score, Stability, and Functional Performance Test?

Lower limb balance ability is reduced after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, the recovery of balance based on functional test scores after ACLR is not known because the correlation between balance and clinical scores remains unclear. We aimed to analyze the correlation between lower limb balance assessed by functional test and clinical knee test scores after ACLR. We evaluated lower limb balance using the anterior-posterior stability index (APSI) of the Biodex Balance System (BBS). Patients underwent clinical tests to evaluate the knee, including the Tegner activity score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective score, Lysholm score, and KT-2000 arthrometer measurement, hamstring per quadriceps muscle strength ratio at 60°/sec (HQ ratio), and functional performance tests (single-leg hop and single-leg vertical jump tests) 1 year after ACLR. We used a paired t-test to compare continuous preoperative and postoperative variables and Pearson's correlation coefficient to determine the relationship between BBS-APSI and clinical scores. Forty-eight patients (35 men and 13 women; mean age, 28.9 ± 8.3 years) were included. The follow-up period and BBS-APSI were 12.4 ± 2.0 months and 0.9 ± 0.4, respectively. Tegner activity score, IKDC subjective score, Lysholm score, and KT-2000 arthrometer measurement improved significantly postoperatively (p < 0.001). BBS-APSI was correlated with the Tegner activity score (r = -0.335, p = 0.020), IKDC subjective score (r = -0.301, p = 0.037), Lysholm score (r = -0.323, p = 0.025), single-leg hop test results (r = -0.300, p = 0.038), and single-leg vertical jump test results (r = -0.336, p = 0.019). There was no correlation between KT-2000 arthrometer measurement and HQ ratio. BBS-APSI was correlated with functional performance test scores after ACLR, rendering the BBS-APSI as a useful assessment tool to evaluate postoperative functional recovery. Continuously improving balance after ACLR could be useful for functional recovery after surgery.

Relative Age Effect and Talent Identification in Youth Volleyball Players from the Polish Volleyball Federation Sports School

Abstract Introduction. This study sought to determine differences in the quarterly age distribution of young Polish volleyball players from the Sports School of the Polish Volleyball Federation (SS PVF), to investigate quarterly differences in anthropometric characteristics and jump test results. Material and Methods. RAE of young players from SS PVF (n = 232) born between 1989 and 2002 was identified in the course of the research. Furthermore, the study included anthropometric characteristics and jump test results (attack jump – AJ). Results. The chi-square test (χ2) revealed the overrepresentation of volleyball players born in quarters 1 and 2, both in the case of graduates (χ2 = 27.32, p &lt; 0.0001) and students who did not finish school (χ2 = 17.95, p &lt; 0.0005). Two-way ANOVA for unbalanced data for the Group factor showed significant differences in the value of estimated marginal means in the case of AJ (F(1,214) = 5.907, p &lt; 0.016) and body mass (BM) (F(1,214) = 5.348, p &lt; 0.022). Conclusions. These results point to the need for better understanding of RAE in order to avoid dropping out or the loss of potential talent, which will contribute to even greater development of volleyball in Poland.

Effects of Different Rehabilitation Training Methods Under Color Doppler Flow Imaging on Functional Ankle Instability

The research aimed to evaluate the therapeutic effect of functional ankle instability (FAI) and to monitor the rehabilitation effect of neuromuscular training based on color doppler ultrasound. In this research, 70 patients with FAI who were admitted to XYZ hospital on January 30, 2018, solstice and July 30, 2019 were selected and divided into experimental group (EG) and control group (CG) randomly. In the EG, 35 patients underwent routine muscle strength training combined with neuromuscular training. In the CG, 35 patients received routine muscle strength training. Color doppler flow imaging (CDFI) was used to make imaging diagnosis of ankle joint condition before and after rehabilitation training in the two groups, and the Cumberland ankle instability tool (CAIT), American Orthopaedic Foot and ankle Societ (AOFAS), t-type agility test and Sargent longitudinal jump test were performed in the two groups before and after training. Multivariate Logistic regression model (LRM) was adopted to analyze the relation between ankle instability score and age, height, weight, total leg length, course of disease and training years. It was concluded that CAIT score, AOFAS score, and Sargent longitudinal jump test results of the EG were greatly higher than those of the CG after training, with statistically significant differences (SSD) (P &lt; 0.05). After rehabilitation training, the test results of t-type agility in the EG were significantly lower than those in the CG, with SSD (P &lt; 0.05). CAIT score, AOFAS score and Sargeant longitudinal jump test results in the two groups after rehabilitation training were greatly higher than those before training, with SSD (P &lt; 0.05), and t-type agility test results were greatly lower than those in the CG, with SSD (P &lt; 0.05). The CAIT score of the patients were negatively related to age and course of disease (P &lt; 0.05), indicating that the two rehabilitation training methods could effectively improve the recovery of ankle instability score, agility variability ability, lower limb eruption and flexibility of the patients, and the neuromuscular training methods were more effective. Age and course of the disease are the risk factors that affect the rehabilitation effect of patients. In the early stage of functional ankle joint instability, medical treatment should be timely to avoid greater injury.

Spatiotemporal trends in the frequency of daily rainfall in Bangladesh during 1975–2017

Bangladesh is greatly susceptible to the impacts of climate change. Climate change has enhanced the frequency and intensity of extreme events in Bangladesh, thus resulting in loss of biodiversity and agricultural crop production. However, trend studies in the frequency of climatic variables like rainfall at the micro-scale are less explored in the previous literature. Therefore, this study aims to explore the spatiotemporal trends in the frequency of daily rainfall using different statistical models based on 23 station data from 1975 to 2017 in Bangladesh. The statistical results show that the frequency of rainfall ranges of 10 to ≤ 15 mm, > 15 to ≤20 mm, and > 25 to ≤ 30 mm exhibited an increasing trend while rainfall ranges of > 5 to ≤ 10 mm, > 20 to ≤ 25 mm, > 30 to ≤ 35 mm, and > 35 mm displayed a decreasing trend (p > 0.10). The jump test results indicate that only one jump occurred in the average rainfall ranges of > 15 to ≤ 20 mm (p < 0.10). The changes in temporal trends of different rainfall frequency ranges show an irregular pattern during the study period. The spatial map of trends among various rainfall ranges over sub-climatic regions is heterogeneous nature which varies from region wise and station wise. The probability density function (PDFs) of rainfall frequency ranges will move upward in the future and broaden with an increase in the forthcoming period. To adapt to climate change, the findings highlight the need for the advancement of water resource management and reallocation of agricultural adaptation plans in Bangladesh.

&lt;b&gt;Correlation between flexibility and muscular power in vertical jumps in women practitioners handball and weight lifters

The present study has the objective to correlate the variables of flexibility and muscle power present in the vertical jumps, through tests done with female individuals, performing analyzes about two groups: Handball players (HG); weight lifters (WL). Initially, the protocol consisted on the performing of the flexibility test at Wells Bank. Subsequently, the jump test was performed, using the Counter movement jump (CMJ) and Squat jump (SJ). About the study groups, it can be observed that they have similar physical characteristics, but practice times (HG = 9.25 ± 3.28 versus WL = 1.85 ± 1.47 years) and weekly hours of activities (HG = 3.33 ± 1.23 versus WL = 5.29 ± 1.81 hours) were distinct. In the execution of SJ for HG, a high correlation was presented for all variables (Height 0.615; Power 0.718; Standard power 0.618). It also presented a high correlation in the non-normalized power (0.688) in CMJ. WL did not present a significant correlation for any of the variables. Based on the findings of the present study, jump test results have correlation with variables of flexibility, muscle power and handball players. However, there is no correlation for any variable for weight lifters.

Aptitude physique et psychologique pour la reprise du sport après reconstruction du ligament croisé antérieur du genou : score ACL-RSI et tests fonctionnels

BackgroundFor the patient returning to sport after injury, physical and psychological aptitude are crucial elements: premature return is a risk factor for new injury. The Anterior-Cruciate-Ligament Return-to-Sport-After-Injury (ACL-RSI) scale can be used to quantify the impact of psychological factors affecting a patient's aptitude for return-to-sport. MethodsA prospective single-center cohort study included a series of athletes who underwent surgical treatment in 2013–2016 for an isolated primary full-thickness ACL tear. These patients had a healthy contralateral knee. A complete clinical work-up with function tests was conducted postoperatively and at six months. Isokinetic tests were performed with Con-Trex JM® to measure knee muscle force at three angular speeds: concentric quadriceps contraction at 60° (Q 60°) and 240° (Q 240°) and excentric hamstring contraction at 30° (H 30°). Neuromuscular tests used the single-leg jump. The main outcome was the correlation between ACI-RSI score and inter-knee difference in Q 60° at six months. ResultsInclusion criteria were met by 182 patients. Mean follow-up was 6.5±1.7 months (range: 4–12). The ACL-RSI score was positively and weakly significantly correlated with jump test results (r=0.15–0.18; P=0.1–0.03). The ACL-RSI exhibited better significance among patients who had returned to sport (P=0.0001). ConclusionAt six months, the ACL-RSI is significantly and positively correlated with isokinetic and function tests, though weakly.

LIETUVOS PAROLIMPINĖS GOLBOLO RINKTINĖS ŽAIDĖJŲ FIZINIO PASIRENGIMO ĮVERTINIMAS

Aklumas – fizinė negalia, sukelianti lėtesnę protinę veiklą, laikysenos problemas, orientacijos sunkumus, depresiją ir pusiausvyros problemas. Lietuvoje, kaip ir visoje Europoje, neįgaliųjų skaičius sudaro apie 7 procentus, tačiau sportuojančių neįgaliųjų yra vos 1 procentas, iš šio vieno procento sportuojančių neįgaliųjų, užsiimančių profesionaliu sportu, yra dar mažiau. Darbo tikslas: įvertinti Lietuvos parolimpinės golbolo rinktinės žaidėjų fizinį pasirengimą. Tyrimas buvo atliktas 2015 metais gruodžio - sausio mėnesiais Vilniaus Gerosios Vilties progimnazijos (Skroblų g. 3A) sporto salėje. Tyrime dalyvavo 9 vyriškos lyties golbolo žaidėjai, kurių amžius nuo 23 iki 45 metų. Visi šie žaidėjai atstovauja Lietuvos parolimpinei golbolo rinktinei. Siekiant maksimaliai įvertinti Lietuvos parolimpinės golbolo rinktinei žaidėjų fizinį pasirengimą buvo vertinama: - širdies kraujagyslių sistemos pajėgumas (Rufjė testas), - sprogstamoji jėga (šuolis iš vietos), - pusiausvyra (Flamingo testas), - psichomotorinės reakcijos greitis (krintančios liniuotės testas). Tyrimo rezultatai. Daugumos žaidėjų širdies ir kraujagyslių sistema į vienkartinį trumpalaikį krūvį reagavo panašiai, 4 žaidėjai įvertinti turintys patenkinamą ir 3 blogą širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos treniruotumo lygį. Įvertinus šuolio į tolį testavimo rezultatus ir palyginus juos su 3 metų statistika, nustatėme, kad žaidėjų atlikto testo vidutinis rezultatas viršija rekomenduojamas normas. Žaidžiant golbolą labai svarbi gera pusiausvyra. Daugumos žaidėjų pusiausvyra skirtingomis kojomis buvo įvertinta kaip labai gera arba pakankama. Parolimpiečiai žaidimo metu turi labai greitai reaguoti į kintančias žaidimo sąlygas, dėl to svarbus reakcijos greitis. Vertinant pagal F. B. Nelsono (1965) sudarytą psichomotorinės reakcijos greičio vertinimo skalę, visi golbolo žaidėjai pasiekė aukščiausią rezultatą. Dauguma Lietuvos parolimpinės rinktinės atletų turi gerą fizinį pasirengimą, tačiau visiems atletams reikėtų pagerinti širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos pajėgumą.