Juice Supplementation Research Articles

Increasing Nitrate-Rich Vegetable Intake Lowers Ambulatory Blood Pressure in (pre)Hypertensive Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A 12-Wk Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundEmerging evidence suggests that increasing dietary nitrate intake may be an effective approach to improve cardiovascular health. However, the effects of a prolonged elevation of nitrate intake through an increase in vegetable consumption are understudied. ObjectiveOur primary aim was to determine the impact of 12 wk of increased daily consumption of nitrate-rich vegetables or nitrate supplementation on blood pressure (BP) in (pre)hypertensive middle-aged and older adults. MethodsIn a 12-wk randomized, controlled study (Nijmegen, The Netherlands), 77 (pre)hypertensive participants (BP: 144 ± 13/87 ± 7 mmHg, age: 65 ± 10 y) either received an intervention with personalized monitoring and feedback aiming to consume ∼250–300 g nitrate-rich vegetables/d (∼350–400 mg nitrate/d; n = 25), beetroot juice supplementation (400 mg nitrate/d; n = 26), or no intervention (control; n = 26). Before and after intervention, 24-h ambulatory BP was measured. Data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA (time × treatment), followed by within-group (paired t-test) and between-group analyses (1-factor ANOVA) where appropriate. ResultsThe 24-h systolic BP (SBP) (primary outcome) changed significantly (P-interaction time × treatment = 0.017) with an increase in the control group (131 ± 8 compared with 135 ± 10 mmHg; P = 0.036); a strong tendency for a decline in the nitrate-rich vegetable group (129 ± 10 compared with 126 ± 9 mmHg; P = 0.051) which was different from control (P = 0.020); but no change in the beetroot juice group (133 ± 11 compared with 132 ± 12 mmHg; P = 0.56). A significant time × treatment interaction was also found for daytime SBP (secondary outcome, P = 0.011), with a significant decline in the nitrate-rich vegetable group (134 ± 10 compared with 129 ± 9 mmHg; P = 0.006) which was different from control (P = 0.010); but no changes in the beetroot juice (138 ± 12 compared with 137 ± 14 mmHg; P = 0.41) and control group (136 ± 10 compared with 137 ± 11 mmHg; P = 0.08). Diastolic BP (secondary outcome) did not change in any of the groups. ConclusionsA prolonged dietary intervention focusing on high-nitrate vegetable intake is an effective strategy to lower SBP in (pre)hypertensive middle-aged and older adults. This trial was registered at www.trialregister.nl as NL7814.

The regulation of 100% Lycium Barbarum juice supplement in HPA axis and serum glucose balance during increasing resistance training

目的: 观察在递增负荷运动期间饮用100%枸杞汁对男大学生血清促肾上腺皮质激素(ACTH)、皮质醇(C)、胰岛素(INS)、胰高血糖素(PG)和血糖(Glu)变化,探讨100%枸杞汁在递增负荷运动期间对机体下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺(HPA)轴应激和血糖调节的作用。方法: 将28名健康男性大学生随机分为对照组(C组,16人)和实验组(E组,12人),所有受试者进行为期32 d、4个阶段的递增负荷运动,运动期间E组每人每天睡前饮用100 ml 100%枸杞汁。在实验前和每阶段结束后次日晨采用血糖仪测试受试者Glu及ELISA法测试血清ACTH、C、INS、PG。结果: ①与运动前相比,递增负荷运动期间两组受试者血清ACTH浓度均在第1、2阶段下降后,第3、4阶段持续升高(P＜0.01),且E组稍高于C组;②递增负荷运动期间受试者血清C呈持续下降趋势,E组第4阶段末显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);③递增负荷运动期间受试者血清INS水平先上升再下降,第4阶段末C组的浓度下降明显(P＜0.05);④实验末期E组血清PG显著降低(P＜0.05);⑤实验后期受试者Glu浓度下降,C组的Glu浓度下降趋势明显(P＜0.05)。结论: 100%枸杞汁可改善递增负荷期间机体HPA轴功能,提高机体对大负荷的应激能力,并调节机体血糖平衡。.

Effect of supplementation of Rhodomyrtus tomentosa fruit juice in preventing hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis development in rats fed with high fat high cholesterol diet

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death worldwide. Nutraceuticals, mainly based on natural products, have been proven to control the risk factors of CVDs effectively. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa is an underutilized fruit that is rich in phenolic compounds and has antioxidant activities. Scientific investigation was needed to verify the pharmacological properties of R. tomentosa fruit juice in Sprague-Dawley rats fed with high fat high cholesterol (HFHC) as antihypercholesterolemic and antiatherosclerotic agents. The experiments were carried out using male albino rats fed with HFHC diet for 75 days and at the same time orally supplemented with R. tomentosa fruit juice (RTFJ) in doses of 0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg body weight (BW) daily for 75 days. Simvastatin was used as a positive control. At the end of the experiment, the blood was collected, and the serum was assayed for total triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL-C). The histopathology of coronary and aorta arteries was observed under the light microscope. The results demonstrated that the supplementation of RTFJ significantly prevented the increase of total triglycerides, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, and the decrease of high-density lipoprotein in serum. Supplementation of RTFJ also prevents atherosclerosis development by preventing the thickening of the blood vessel wall, deposition of lipid formation, and foam cells in the tunica intima of the aorta and coronary arteries. These findings suggested that supplementation of R. tomentosa fruit juice prevents hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis.

The Effect Of Beetroot Juice Supplementation On Muscle Fatigue In Healthy Adults; A Meta-analysis

Dietary supplementation with beetroot juice has been reported its positive effects on diverse aspects of sports performance, but its effect on muscle fatigue remains unclear. PURPOSE: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to investigate the effect of beetroot juice supplement on muscle fatigue assessed by changes in strength or power outputs. METHODS: The meta-analysis followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Through the comprehensive search using major databases including Science Direct, PubMed (MEDLINE), SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, and Academic Search Complete, 215 relevant studies were identified. Three search terms used to identify a potentially relevant article; “Beetroot” AND “Exercise” AND “Fatigue”. The inclusion criteria for the search included: 1) human subjects, 2) exercise type (Strength and Power), 3) the peer-reviewed journals published in English. Out of 215, data from the 30 trials were extracted for inclusion in the meta-analysis. Comprehensive meta-analysis v.3 software was used to compute the standardized mean difference effect sizes based on a random effects model. Several moderator analyses were conducted to examine the effect of dosage, timing of supplementation, type of measure, gender and participation on the overall effect size. The Egger’s test was used to evaluate for no evidence of publication bias. RESULTS: The results showed a significant positive effect of beetroot juice supplementation on muscle fatigue: the overall strength of ESs (Hedges’ g) was .313 (95% CI = .128, .499, p = .001; moderate effects; cf., Cohen’s criteria). This data was indicated reducing fatigue from pre and post-test. The prediction interval was -.453 to 1.08, indicating that there are some populations where the impact of beetroot juice on fatigue would be negative. There was no significant effect of moderators (dosage, timing of supplementation, acute vs. chronic), measuring type (strength and power), gender, and participation (athletes vs. non-athletes) on the size of the effect. CONCLUSION: This study shows that dietary supplementation with beetroot juice significantly reduces fatigue indicated by reducing strength and power outputs.

The Effects of Beetroot Juice Supplementation on Balance Performance of Wrestlers

Aim: This study assessed the effect of beetroot juice supplementation on the dynamic and static balance performance of wrestlers at rest and fatigue conditions. Material and methods: The study was conducted with 3 trial days. The study is a double blind, randomized, cro ssover design in which eight trained male Greco Roman wrestlers (age 21.87±2.3 years; height 176.87± 4.1 cm; body weight 76.75± 5. 4 kg) consumed beetroot juice (BRJ) (140 ml) or placebo (PLA) (140 ml, cherry juice with lemon juice) 150 min before performin g balance performance test. Subjects were administered standard warm up and then dynamic and static balance tests were performed to the dominant leg with by Biodex Balance System (BBS, Biodex Medical Systems Inc., Shirley, NY) at rest. Following balance te sting, each subject got into a fatigue strength exercise (FSE) to create fatigue for the dominant leg. Immediately after the ( FSE), subjects were applied to dynamic and static balance test to the dominant leg again at fatigue. The same trial procedure was repeated with the other supplement (BRJ or P LA ) in the third testing trial five days later. Paired sample T test was used for comparison of BRJ and P LA balance performance values. Result: Although there were no significant changes in static OSI, APSI balance scores, Static MLSI improved significantly in favor of BRJ in rest . Dynamic OSI and APSI paramet er s improved significantly but not MLSI in the BRJ trial. While all static and dynamic b alance parameters improved statistically, only static MLSI w as not changed by the BRJ trial at fatigue. Conclusion: Consuming BRJ can be useful to maintain balance performance and prevent sports injuries in training or competition. Keywords: Beetroot Juice, Dietary Nitrate, Balance, Wrestlers.

Effects of Cranberry Juice Supplementation on Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Adults with Elevated Blood Pressure: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Emerging cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, including central vascular function and HDL efflux, may be modifiable with food-based interventions such as cranberry juice. A randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial was conducted in middle-aged adults with overweight/obesity (n = 40; mean BMI: 28.7 ± 0.8 kg/m2; mean age: 47 ± 2 years) and elevated brachial blood pressure (mean systolic/diastolic BP: 124 ± 2/81 ± 1 mm Hg). Study participants consumed 500 mL/d of cranberry juice (~16 fl oz; 27% cranberry juice) or a matched placebo juice in a randomized order (8-week supplementation periods; 8-week compliance break), with blood samples and vascular measurements obtained at study entry and following each supplementation period. There was no significant treatment effect of cranberry juice supplementation on the primary endpoint of central systolic blood pressure or central or brachial diastolic pressure. Cranberry juice significantly reduced 24-h diastolic ambulatory BP by ~2 mm Hg compared to the placebo (p = 0.05) during daytime hours. Cranberry juice supplementation did not alter LDL-C but significantly changed the composition of the lipoprotein profile compared to the placebo, increasing the concentration of large LDL-C particles (+29.5 vs. −6.7 nmol/L; p = 0.02) and LDL size (+0.073 vs. −0.068 nm; p = 0.001). There was no effect of treatment on ex vivo HDL efflux in the total population, but exploratory subgroup analyses identified an interaction between BMI and global HDL efflux (p = 0.02), with greater effect of cranberry juice in participants who were overweight. Exploratory analyses indicate that baseline C-reactive protein (CRP) values may moderate treatment effects. In this population of adults with elevated blood pressure, cranberry juice supplementation had no significant effect on central systolic blood pressure but did have modest effects on 24-h diastolic ambulatory BP and the lipoprotein profile. Future studies are needed to verify these findings and the results of our exploratory analyses related to baseline health moderators.

The effect of beetroot juice supplementation on muscle performance during isokinetic knee extensions in male Taekwondo athletes

Summary Objectives Little information is available regarding the effects of beetroot juice (BRJ) on muscle performance and contractions during resistance exercise. The muscle strength and power of the lower extremity is an important attribute in Taekwondo, therefore, present study examines the effects of 6 days of BRJ supplementations on muscle performance during isokinetic contractions of knee muscle in male Taekwondo athletes. Equipments and methods Twelve male Taekwondo athletes (age, 19.2 ± 1.6 yrs) were volunteered to take part in this double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design. Participants consumed either 140 mL nitrate-rich concentrated BRJ (∼12.8 mmol NO3−) or placebo (blackcurrant juice) for six consecutive days. On the last day of supplementation, the knee extensions were performed on a Biodex isokinetic dynamometer. Treatment periods were separated by a 10-day washout periods. Results Knee extensor peak torque increased significantly (P

Effectiveness of Information booklet on knowledge regarding Hypertension and Supplementation of beetroot juice among hypertensive patients in a selected Hospital Mangaluru

Hypertension (HTN) is an enormous health problem and is one of the biggest health challenges in the 21st century. Effective management in hypertension requires a multi-sectorial approach. Dietary management plays a vital role in managing blood pressure especially beetroot juice which contains nitrates helps in vasodilation thus reducing hypertension. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of information booklet on knowledge regarding hypertension and supplementation of beetroot juice among hypertensive patients and To find the association between mean pre-test knowledge score about hypertension and supplementation of beet root juice with the selected demographic variables. A pre-experimental one group, pre-test post-test design was used for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select 30 hypertensive patients. The investigator assessed the knowledge regarding HTN and supplementation of beetroot juice in managing hypertension using structured knowledge questionnaire and then the information booklet was administered to the subjects. The collected data was analysed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The mean post-test knowledge score (x2=23.87) was higher than the mean pre-test knowledge score (x1=17.40). The mean difference between post-test and pre-test knowledge score was highly significant. The obtained ‘t’ value (11.75) is higher than the table value (t29=1.70 at p<0.05 level significance). There was no significant association between knowledge score and selected demographic variables like age, gender, religion, education, occupation, income, and duration of illness. (2=2.143, 2=0.536, 2=0.000, 2=0.536, 2=2.143, 2=0.133, 2=0.536). Hence it can be concluded that information booklet is an effective strategy for providing information and improving the knowledge of adult hypertensive patients.

Effect of Adding Watermelon Juice, Vitamin E-Selenium, and Vitamin C into the Drinking Water on Growth Performance, Internal Organs’ weight and Prececal Nutrient Digestibility in Broilers under Heat Stress

This study investigated the effect of adding watermelon juice, vitamin Eselenium and vitamin C to the drinking water on growth performance, internal organs’ weight, and prececal nutrient digestibility in broilers under heat stress. Two hundred and fifty Hubbard F15 day-old broilers were allocated to five treatments with five replicates of 10 broilers per each replicate, based on a completely randomized design. The birds in the control treatment did not receive any supplement in drinking water and reared in thermoneutral temperature. Birds in the other four treatments received watermelon juice at 60% or 30%, vitamin C at 50 mg/L, or vitamin E-Selenium at 1 mL/L of drinking water during the heat stress period. Heat stress applied for 9 hours from day 12 onward. Results indicated birds that received 60% watermelon juice had similar body weight and feed intake compared to control birds. The relative weight of proventriculus, intestine length, and prececal dry matter nutrient digestibility was significantly higher in 60% watermelon juice treatment than other treatments. It is concluded that watermelon juice supplementation at 60% concentration into the drinking water could improve the performance of birds reared under heat stress as a result of restoring water and feed intake and also better prececal dry matter digestibility.

Watermelon Reduces the Toxicity of Cisplatin Treatment in C57BL/6 Mice with Induced Melanoma

An alternative to reduce the undesirable effects of antineoplastic agents has been the combination of classical treatments with nutritional strategies aimed at reducing systemic toxicity without decreasing the antitumor activity of already used drugs. Within this context, this study evaluated the possible reduction of toxicity when cisplatin treatment is combined with watermelon pulp juice supplementation in C57BL/6 mice with melanoma. Watermelon is a fruit rich in vitamins, minerals, proteins, lycopene, carotene, and xanthophylls, which has shown effectiveness in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases, weight loss, urinary infections, gout, hypertension, and mutagenicity. The following parameters were analyzed: animal survival, bone marrow genotoxicity, serum creatinine and urea, histopathological features of the tumor tissue, tumor weight and volume, and weight of non-tumor tissues (kidney, liver, spleen, heart, and lung). The results showed that watermelon had no antitumor effect but reduced the toxicity of cisplatin, as demonstrated by an increase in the number of bone marrow cells and a decrease in serum creatinine and urea levels. The data suggest that watermelon pulp juice can be an alternative for reducing the side effects of antineoplastic agents.

The effects of hesperidin supplementation or orange juice consumption on anthropometric measures in adults: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.

The current evidence-base regarding the effect of hesperidin (a flavanone found in citrus fruits) on body composition is equivocal. We conducted a meta-analysis on the effect of orange juice and/or hesperidin supplementation on anthropometric measures in randomized controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic search of PubMed and Scopus was performed up to February 2020. The overall estimates and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using a random-effects model. Eleven eligible RCTs, with 512 individuals, were included in this study. The meta-analysis showed that orange juice and/or hesperidin had no significant effect on body weight [weighted mean difference (WMD)=-0.31kg; 95% CI,-1.44 to 0.82, P=0.592], body mass index [WMD=0.11kg/m2; 95% CI,-0.33 to 0.56, P=0.617], fat mass [WMD=0.14kg; 95% CI,-0.95 to 1.22, P=0.807], percentage body fat [WMD=-0.70%; 95% CI,-2.58 to 1.18, P=0.463] and waist circumference [WMD=0.07cm; 95% CI,-1.16 to 1.30, P=0.588]. The present study revealed that there is no significant beneficial effect of orange juice and/or hesperidin supplementation on anthropometric measures. The authors advocate that more high-quality clinical trials are needed to better discern the potential efficacy of orange juice and/or hesperidin.

Preventive effects of nitrate-rich beetroot juice supplementation on monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertension in rats.

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) has a high level of nitrate; therefore, its dietary intake could increase nitric oxide (NO) level in the body, possibly preventing the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH). In this study, we examined the effects of beetroot juice (BJ) supplementation on PH and the contribution of nitrate to such effects using a rat model of monocrotaline (MCT, 60 mg/kg s.c.)-induced PH. Rats were injected subcutaneously with saline or 60 mg/kg MCT and were sacrificed 28 days after the injection. In some rats injected with MCT, BJ was supplemented from the day of MCT injection to the day of sacrifice. First, MCT-induced right ventricular systolic pressure elevation, pulmonary arterial medial thickening and muscularization, and right ventricular hypertrophy were suppressed by supplementation with low-dose BJ (nitrate: 1.3 mmol/L) but not high-dose BJ (nitrate: 4.3 mmol/L). Of the plasma nitrite, nitrate, and their sum (NOx) levels, only the nitrate levels were found to be increased by the high-dose BJ supplementation. Second, in order to clarify the possible involvement of nitrate in the preventive effects of BJ on PH symptoms, the effects of nitrate-rich BJ (nitrate: 0.9 mmol/L) supplementation were compared with those of the nitrate-depleted BJ. While the former exerted preventive effects on PH symptoms, such effects were not observed in rats supplemented with nitrate-depleted BJ. Neither supplementation with nitrate-rich nor nitrate-depleted BJ affected plasma nitrite, nitrate, and NOx levels. These findings suggest that a suitable amount of BJ ingestion, which does not affect systemic NO levels, can prevent the development of PH in a nitrate-dependent manner. Therefore, BJ could be highly useful as a therapy in patients with PH.

Multiple-day high-dose beetroot juice supplementation does not improve pulmonary or muscle deoxygenation kinetics of well-trained cyclists in normoxia and hypoxia

Dietary nitrate (NO3−) supplementation via beetroot juice (BR) has been reported to lower oxygen cost (i.e., increased exercise efficiency) and speed up oxygen uptake (VO2) kinetics in untrained and moderately trained individuals, particularly during conditions of low oxygen availability (i.e., hypoxia). However, the effects of multiple-day, high dose (12.4 mmol NO3− per day) BR supplementation on exercise efficiency and VO2 kinetics during normoxia and hypoxia in well-trained individuals are not resolved. In a double-blinded, randomized crossover study, 12 well-trained cyclists (66.4 ± 5.3 ml min−1∙kg−1) completed three transitions from rest to moderate-intensity (~70% of gas exchange threshold) cycling in hypoxia and normoxia with supplementation of BR or nitrate-depleted BR as placebo. Continuous measures of VO2 and muscle (vastus lateralis) deoxygenation (ΔHHb, using near-infrared spectroscopy) were acquired during all transitions. Kinetics of VO2 and deoxygenation (ΔHHb) were modeled using mono-exponential functions. Our results showed that BR supplementation did not alter the primary time constant for VO2 or ΔHHb during the transition from rest to moderate-intensity cycling. While BR supplementation lowered the amplitude of the VO2 response (2.1%, p = 0.038), BR did not alter steady state VO2 derived from the fit (p = 0.258), raw VO2 data (p = 0.231), moderate intensity exercise efficiency (p = 0.333) nor steady state ΔHHb (p = 0.224). Altogether, these results demonstrate that multiple-day, high-dose BR supplementation does not alter exercise efficiency or oxygen uptake kinetics during normoxia and hypoxia in well-trained athletes.

PENGARUH KOMBINASI EKSTRAK JERUK BRASTAGI DAN WORTEL PER ORAL SEBELUM AKTIVITAS FISIK TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR MDA PLASMA MENCIT SETELAH AKTIVITAS FISIK

Aerobic metabolism at the cellular level generates free radicals. Under normal conditions, there’s a balance between free radicals and endogenous antioxidants. An excessive amount of free radicals impair DNA, protein, fat, etc. The level of free radicals can be known by measuring plasma malondialdehyde level. Combination of Brastagi’s oranges and carrots juice as exogenous antioxidants supplementation expected to decrease free radicals level. The aim of this study is to investigate the difference of plasma MDA level during several time intervals on mice which are given and not given a combination of Brastagi’s oranges and carrots juice before physical activity using mice’s treadmill for 20 minutes. The research method used in this study is an experimental laboratory study. The objects of this study are 40 mice (mus musculus), white-colored, male, weighting 25-30 grams, which is randomly chosen. The objects are divided into 2 groups, Group A: 20 mice (given a combination of Brastagi’s oranges and carrots juice before physical activity using mice’s treadmill) and group B: 20 mice (not given a combination of Brastagi’s oranges and carrots juice before physical activity using mice’s treadmill). Group A is divided into 5 subgroups: A1 (measurement of plasma MDA level at 0 minutes after treadmill), A2 (measurement of plasma MDA level at 15 minutes after treadmill), and A3 (measurement of plasma MDA level at 30 minutes after treadmill), A4 (measurement of plasma MDA level at 60 minutes after treadmill), and A5 (measurement of plasma MDA level at 240 minutes after treadmill). The same procedures are employed for group B. Plasma MDA level measured after doing a physical activity using mice treadmill. The homogeneity of the result then was tested using Levene’s test and the normality of the result was tested using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p>0.05). Further, the data were analyzed using an independent t-test (p≤0.05), one-way ANOVA (p≤0.05) then Duncan’s test were used. The results reveal significant lowering plasma MDA concentration in mice receiving a combination of Brastagi’s oranges and carrots juice before physical activity, which is measured during several time intervals: 0,15,30,60, and 240 minutes after physical activity than in mice not receiving a combination of Brastagi’s oranges and carrots juice before physical activity. The MDA level differences between groups that are given and not given combination of Brastagi’s orange and carrots juice before physical activity measured during several intervals are 11,44% (0,8920 vs 1,0071) measured 0 minutes after physical activity, 15,47% (0,7902 vs 0,9348) measured 15 minutes after physical activity, 14,42% (0,7473 vs 0,8732) measured 30 minutes after physical activity, 11,35% (0,6696 vs 0,7554) measured 60 minutes after physical activity, and 13,60% (0,5786 vs 0,6696) measured 240 minutes after physical activity.The conclusion of the study suggested that a combination of Brastagi’s orange and carrots juice supplementation has a lowering effect toward plasma MDA level measured during several time intervals.

Improvements in the formulation of sugarcane-sweet sorghum juices fermentation media for enhanced isopropanol and butanol production

The production of isopropanol and butanol (IB) has been gaining attention through isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) fermentation. In this work, the substrate inhibition and butanol tolerance of Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423 in isopropanol-butanol (IB) production by isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) fermentation from an industrial mixture of sugarcane and sweet sorghum juices were assessed. The results showed that an initial sugar concentration of 40 g/L in the industrial juices showed the best kinetic for the fermentation. The formulation of a low-cost medium for IB production from industrial juices by C. beijerinckii DSM 6423 was also studied. Corn steep liquor (CSL), a byproduct of the wet milling of corn, could serve as a nutrient of low cost and replace both yeast extract and vitamin complex without significantly affecting the production of butanol and isopropanol. A CSL concentration of 5 g/L was shown to be adequate to achieve the best results. C. beijerinckii DSM 6423 produced 5.3 and 7.9 g/L of isopropanol and butanol, respectively, with a sugar conversion of 93%. This work provides valuable insights into cost-effective nutritional supplementation of industrial juices for IB production.

The effects of polyphenols-rich tropical fruit juice on cognitive function and metabolomics profile – a randomized controlled trial in middle-aged women

ABSTRACT Objectives: Polyphenols, particularly anthocyanins, have received attention in improving health issues during old age, including decline in cognitive function and other health parameters. We aimed to determine the effects of polyphenols-rich tropical fruit TP 3-in-1™ juice towards improving cognitive function, oxidative stress and metabolomics profiles among middle-aged women. Methods: This clinical trial involved 31 subjects with signs of poor cognitive function, as assessed using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). They were randomized to receive either TP 3-in-1™ juice (n = 16) or placebo (n = 15). Study subjects consumed 500 ml of beverages for three times per day, three days per week, for a period of ten weeks. Juice supplementation provided 9135 mg GAE of total phenolic content and 194.1 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside of total anthocyanin monomer. Results: There was a significant interaction effects on RAVLT immediate recall (p < 0.05) and Comprehensive Trail Making Test (CTMT) Trail 4 (p < 0.05). Metabolomics analysis showed the presence of metabolites related to polyphenols intake and cognitive functions with the intervention group showed increased urinary excretion of thyroxine and 3-methyladenine. Thyroxine and 3-methyladenine give stability to human transthyretin (TTR) and activate autophagy, respectively, which are associated with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease. Conclusion: The result shows the potential of TP 3-in-1™ juice which is rich in anthocyanins in improving cognitive function, particularly learning, memory, processing speed, sequencing, mental flexibility and visual-motor skills domains, among middle-aged women.

Effect of Giving Beetroot Juice During Submaximal Exercise Against Muscle Damage

Strenuous physical activity causes muscle damage marked by an increase in C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations. Muscle damage caused by physical activity can be prevented or reduced by giving antioxidants and anti-inflammatory. It is known that beetroot (Beta Vulgaris L) has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of giving beet juice during submaximal exercise on concentrations of C - reactive protein (CRP). This type of research is an experimental study with a randomized control group pretest-posttest design. The research was conducted at the physiology laboratory of Departement of Sports Science Faculty Universitas Negeri Medan and the integrated Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine at University of Sumatera Utara. The study used 20 futsal athletes who met the criteria. Furthermore, the sample was divided into 2 groups (experiment = 10, control = 10). The pre-test was done by checking the CRP concentrations prior to submaximal physical exercise. During one month of sub-maximal exercise program with a frequency of 3 times a week with an intensity of 80-90%, the experimental group was given 300 ml of beetroot juice one hour before submaximal exercise, while the control group was given a placebo drink. Measurement of research variables was carried out again immediately after submaximal exercise for one month. The results showed that beetroot juice supplementation at a dose of 300 ml/day in submaximal exercise significantly reduced CRP levels compared to the control group (18.00 ± 5.65 mg/L VS 74.66 ± 23.85 mg/L; p = 0.000). In conclusion, giving beetroot juice during training for one month can reduce the CRP levels that are increased in submaximal physical exercise in athletes. The decrease in CRP levels is due to the antioxidant content found in beetroot juice.

The Effect of Acute Beetroot Juice Supplementation After Strenuous Physical Activity on Creatine Kinase Levels

Strenuous physical activity can cause muscle damage which is marked by an increase in creatine kinase levels. One of the strategies to prevent muscle damage is to consume antioxidants and anti-inflammatory. Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) is known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of acutely giving beetroot juice on creatine kinase levels after strenuous physical activity. The research sample used 20 trained males. The sample was divided into two groups (Experiment = 10; Placebo = 10). The pre-test was done by checking creatine kinase levels before engaging in strenuous physical activity. After doing strenuous physical activity by running on a treadmill with an intensity of 90-100% for 30 minutes, the experimental group was given 300 ml of beetroot juice (BRJ) every day for 3 days, while the control group was given a placebo drink. Creatine kinase levels were measured immediately, 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours after strenuous physical activity. The results showed that CK levels decreased significantly 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours after strenuous physical activity in the BRJ group compared to the placebo group (p <0.05) The conclusion of this study is that giving BRJ acutely after doing strenuous physical activity can reduce creatine kinase levels in trained male athletes. Acute JBR supplementation in this study can help reduce muscle damage due to strenuous physical exercise through nutritional interventions

Gut Microbiota Variation With Short-Term Intake of Ginger Juice on Human Health.

Ginger, a widely used functional food and food additive, little is known about the effect of ginger juice, which is rich in many healthful agents, on healthy humans or on its relationship with gut microbiota composition variation. The aim of this study was to investigate the changes in the gut microbial communities that occur following the supplementation of fresh ginger-derived juice in healthy adults and its potential associations with function. A crossover intervention study in which 123 healthy subjects (63 men and 60 women) consumed fresh ginger juice from Zingiber officinale Rosc. or sterile 0.9% sodium chloride was conducted. 16S rRNA sequencing analyses were applied to characterize gut microbiota variation. We found that ginger juice intervention increased the species number of intestinal flora. A decreased relative abundance of the Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratio and pro-inflammatory Ruminococcus_1 and Ruminococcus_2 while a tendency toward an increased Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio, Proteobacteria and anti-inflammatory Faecalibacterium were found. When we did not consider gender, we found differences in bacterial diversity both in community evenness and in richness caused by ginger intervention. In fact, there were different changes in bacterial α-diversity induced by the ginger juice in men and women. We identified 19 bacterial genera with significant differences between the control group (women) and ginger group (women) and 15 significant differences between the control group (men) and ginger group (men) at the genus level. Our results showed that short-term intake of ginger juice had substantial effects on the composition and function of gut microbiota in healthy people. Moreover, our findings underscored the importance of analyzing both male and female individuals to investigate the effects of ginger on gut microbiota. Additional studies are necessary to confirm these findings.

Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum Essential Oil as a Natural Intrinsic Hurdle against Common Spoilage and Pathogenic Microbes of Concern in Tomato Juice

The aim of the present study was to assess the commercial potential of the Origanum vulgare ssp. hirtum essential oil (OEO) as a natural intrinsic hurdle against common spoilage and pathogenic microbes in tomato juice. The main volatile compounds of the OEO identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis were thymol and carvacrol, accounting for approximately 48% and 27%, respectively. Its activity against common food spoilage and pathogenic microbes was confirmed and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), non-inhibitory concentration (NIC), and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) values were determined. OEO effectiveness was further validated in commercial tomato juice. Supplementation of tomato juice with OEO at concentrations lower than the MIC (350 ppm) resulted in significant delay of food spoilage and extension of the product’s shelf-life, as well as in inhibition of Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium difficile, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Aspergillus niger growth after deliberate inoculation in both room and refrigerated temperatures. In conclusion, the results suggested that OEO may be used as an efficient intrinsic inhibitor of food spoilage and growth of pathogenic microbes in tomato juice.