Juice Consumption Research Articles

The Effect of Cold Press Juice Consumption During Snack Time on Hunger Level and Food Intake Based on Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)

Obesity is a chronic disease linked to excessive unhealthy snacking and sedentary behaviour. In attempts to combat obesity, increasing fruits and vegetables consumption has been recommended. To date, no study has evaluated the effectiveness of cold pressed juice (CPJ) on obesity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CPJ on hunger level and food intake in adults using the visual analogue scale (VAS). Fifty-one adult participants (25.80 ± 7.92 years old) were divided into normal (NO) and overweight/obese (OW/OB) groups and they consumed CPJ and non-CPJ during the snacking time. After the standardized breakfast, hunger levels were measured with VAS every 30 minutes for 5 hours. Participants had an ad libitum lunch and food intake was measured. Findings indicate that CPJ reduced the desire to eat fatty foods in OW/OB subjects at +180, +240, and +270 minutes (p-value<0.05). CPJ was less effective in regulating hunger, satiety, and the desire to eat sweet and salty foods in both BMI groups (p-value>0.05). Moreover, CPJ did not significantly suppress food intake in NO and OW/OB subjects. These findings serve as a preliminary step in exploring obesity management targeting hunger level suppression and food intake reduction.

Efek Konsumsi Teh Hitam dan Jus Apel Terhadap Stabilitas Warna Laminate Veneer Resin Komposit Indirek

Laminate veneer is a treatment in prosthodontic that is aesthetically pleasing and requires minimal preparation that can be fabricated with indirect resin composite, which is durable and low-cost, though this material has poor color stability. Due to the increasing consumption of black tea and apple juice, there was a need for this study to be taken out. This study aims to determine the effect of consumption of black tea and apple juice on colour stability. Indirect resin composite specimens were fabricated 20 mm in diameter and 1.5 mm in thickness and divided into 3 groups (n = 10). Specimens were immersed in 3 types of solutions: black tea, apple juice and aquadest as control. The color of specimens was measured before and after immersion using a color spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was performed with univariate test, Mann-Whitney U test, Independent T-test, one-way ANOVA and LSD test. Mean delta E (ΔE) value for black tea is 1,381 ± 0,938 and ΔE = 6,803 ± 1,757 in apple juice. Black tea and apple juice reduced the color stability of indirect resin composite significantly with p = 0,001 (p &lt; 0.05). The effect of immersion in both drinks differed significantly with p = 0,001 (p &lt;0.05). Apple juice experienced the greatest reduction in color stability, followed by black tea, and lastly the control group. The difference in the effect of immersing black tea and apple juice was due to the difference in pH and major acid content.

Dental Health Benefits of Swimming in Chlorinated Water.

Poor oral health is an important concern for athletes, as it can affect both general health and athletic performance. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of activity in chlorinated water on oral health in elite swimmers compared to non-swimming athletes. This cross-sectional study included 101 swimmers and 100 other athletes aged 13-26 years with a minimum training intensity of five hours per week (for at least the preceding two years). Oral health was assessed using the approximal plaque index (API) and the decayed/missing/filled teeth (DMFT) index. A DIAGNOcam was used to detect caries. Results show that swimmers were younger (15 years vs. 18 years), were more likely to be female (54% vs. 17%), and had a lower body mass index (20.1 kg/m2 vs. 21.9 kg/m2) and a lower juice consumption (9% vs. 24%). Non-swimmers had significantly more decayed, missing, or filled teeth due to caries and plaque. In conclusion, by comparing elite swimmers and athletes competing in different sports, we have shown that competitive swimmers have a lower incidence of dental caries and plaque. Further research is needed to test our findings and to understand this relationship in greater detail.

Abstract MP30: Sugar-Sweetened Beverages, Fruit Juices, and Whole Fruits Throughout Childhood and Adolescence and Glycemic Outcomes in Late Adolescence in Project Viva

Objective: To investigate sex-specific associations of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), 100% fruit juices, and whole fruit intake throughout childhood and adolescence with insulin resistance and glycemic outcomes in late adolescence. Methods: We used data from Project Viva, an ongoing pre-birth cohort from eastern Massachusetts. We evaluated intake of SSBs, 100% fruit juices, and whole fruit at early childhood (median age: 3.1 yrs), mid-childhood (7.6 yrs) and early teen research visits (12.9 yrs) using food frequency questionnaires. We measured fasting blood glucose, insulin and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in late adolescence (17.4 yrs). We estimated insulin resistance with the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). We computed sex-specific linear regression models to estimate associations of average consumption of SSBs, fruit juice and whole fruit across the 3 childhood-early teen visits with late adolescence HOMA-IR, fasting glucose and HbA1c adjusting for demographics, socioeconomic status, mother BMI, child BMI z-score, and parental history of type 2 diabetes in early childhood (model 1), and additionally for lifestyle habits and diet quality in early childhood (model 2). Results: A total of 240 girls and 215 boys met eligibility criteria and had an outcome measure in late adolescence. Greater SSB intake throughout childhood and adolescence was associated with higher HOMA-IR, fasting glucose, and HbA1c in boys only (Figure). Also in boys, greater fruit juice intake was associated with higher HbA1c in late adolescence. Effect estimates in girls were of small magnitude and centered to the null, except for fruit juice and HbA1c with associations in the same direction as boys (Figure). We did not observe any association with respect to whole fruits for either sex. Conclusion: Findings suggest that SSBs and fruit juice consumption throughout childhood and adolescence are associated with less favorable glycemic traits in boys, suggesting greater risk of developing diabetes.

Efektivitas Konsumsi Jus Bayam Merah Dan Jus Tomat Terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Hemoglobin Pada Ibu Hamil Trimester III Di Klinik Kita Grogol Depok Tahun 2023

Anemia in pregnancy is a condition where the hemoglobin level of a pregnant woman is below 11 g/dl. The high rate of anemia in third trimester pregnant women at Kita Clinic Depok is a health problem that needs attention. One non-pharmacological effort to increase hemoglobin levels is to consume red spinach juice and tomato juice. This research uses a Quasy Experiment design, with a Two Group Pretest Posttest Design. The samples in this study were pregnant women in the third trimester who experienced mild anemia, of which 15 pregnant women were given red spinach juice and 15 pregnant women were given tomato juice for 7 days. The sampling technique used was Purposive Sampling. Based on the research results, it shows that from pretest data the average hemoglobin level of pregnant women before being given red spinach juice was 10.1 gr/dl, whereas before being given tomato juice the average hemoglobin level of pregnant women was 10.2 gr/dl. In the posttest data, it was found that the average hemoglobin level of pregnant women after being given red spinach juice was 11.1 gr/dl, whereas after being given tomato juice the average hemoglobin level of pregnant women was 11.2 gr/dl. The results of the paired sample T-Test show that the value (p-value 0.000 &lt; 0.05) states that the Ha hypothesis is accepted and Ho is rejected. There is effectiveness between the consumption of red spinach juice and tomato juice in increasing hemoglobin levels in pregnant women in the third trimester at Kita Grogol Depok Clinic in 2023. Collaboration is needed with specialist obstetricians and gynecology (Obgyn) and midwives providing nutrition education for pregnant women or counseling with provide information about the importance of foods containing iron and carry out routine checks to monitor hemoglobin levels to prevent pregnancy anemia.

Polyphenol-rich black currant and cornelian cherry juices ameliorate metabolic syndrome induced by a high-fat high-fructose diet in Wistar rats

Diets high in fat and sugar lead to metabolic syndrome (MetS) and related chronic diseases. We investigated the effects of commercially available, cold-pressed polyphenol-rich black currant (BC) and cornelian cherry (CC) juices on the prevention of MetS in Wistar rats induced by a 10-weeks high-fat high-fructose (HFF) diet. Juice consumption, either BC or CC, with a HFF diet resulted in lower serum triglycerides compared to only the HFF consumption. Both juices also mitigated the effects of HFF on the liver, pancreas, and adipose tissue, by preserving liver and pancreas histomorphology and reducing visceral fat and adipocyte size. Furthermore, supplementation with both juices reduced glucagon and up-regulated insulin expression in the pancreas of the rats on the HFF diet, whereas the BC also showed improved glucose regulation. BC juice also reduced the expression of IL-6 and hepatic inflammation compared to the group only on HFF diet. Both juices, especially BC, could be a convenient solution for the prevention of MetS in humans.

Beverage consumption and obesity in Kuwaiti school children.

Sweetened beverage consumption is particularly important in countries such as Kuwait, where the prevalence of obesity is high, and most children drink sweetened beverages daily. To assess the relationship between three most commonly consumed beverages, (soda, milk, and juice) and the incidence of obesity among Kuwaiti children at the critical age of 10-12 year, Longitudinal cohort data of 6,305 children on initial presentation in 2012 (age, 10 years) and follow-up in 2014 (age, 12 years) were obtained from the Kuwait Healthy Life Study. The servings for the three beverages (soda, juice, and milk) were calculated as servings per day groups (0, 1-2, and 3 servings/day or more). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to assess the relationship between developing obesity during 2012-2014 and soda, juice, and milk consumption. Model selection was based on clinically relevant covariates and potential confounders using stepwise model selection. Six percent children become obese between baseline and follow-up visits. High soda drinking showed significant association with developing obesity. High milk consumption (more than 3 servings a day) was also significantly associated with developing obesity. Potential confounders included in the final model were age, sex, governorates, and fitness level, of which none were significant confounders or effect modifiers for the association. Children with high soda consumption had significantly higher prevalence of obesity. High obesity prevalence was observed with high milk consumption at a lower significance level but not with high juice consumption.

A mechanistic review of the pharmacological potential of narirutin: a dietary flavonoid.

Flavanones, a type of polyphenol, are found in substantial amounts in citrus fruits. When high- or moderate-dose orange juice consumption occurs, flavanones make up a significant portion of the total polyphenols in plasma. Disaccharide derivative narirutin, mainly dihydroxy flavanone, is found in citrus fruits. The substantial chemotherapeutic potential of narirutin has been amply demonstrated by numerous experimental studies. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to compile the research that has already been done showing narirutin to be a promising anticancer drug, with its mechanism of action being documented in treatment plans for various cancer forms. Narirutin functions in a variety of cancer cells by regulating several pathways that include cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic, and DNA repair. Narirutin has been shown to modify many molecular targets linked to the development of cancer, including drug transporters, cell cycle mediators, transcription factors, reactive oxygen species, reactive nitrogen species, and inflammatory cytokines. Taken together, these reviews offer important new information about narirutin's potential as a potent and promising drug candidate for use in medicines, functional foods, dietary supplements, nutraceuticals, and other products targeted at improving the treatment of cancer.

Improvement of Hemoglobin Levels in Pregnant Women with Anemia Through Dragon Fruit Consumption

Anemia frequently manifests in pregnant women as a consequence of alterations in the cardiovascular system, leading to hemodilution and a subsequent decline in blood oxygen levels. The augmented iron demands during pregnancy arise from the needs of the fetus and placenta, coupled with physiological shifts like heightened blood volume and red blood cell count. This elevation in levels may contribute to diminished hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, consequently escalating the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency during pregnancy. A viable solution for averting anemia in pregnant women involves the consumption of fruits rich in iron and vitamin C, such as dragon fruit, crucial for hemoglobin synthesis. The research method employed in this study followed a quantitative approach, specifically utilizing quasi-experimental research with a pretest-post-test design, including a control group. The study population comprised all pregnant women attending TPMB N Depok, West Java, during October-December 2023. Inclusion criteria involved pregnant women aged 16-34 weeks who visited TPMB N and exhibited signs of anemia. The study sample consisted of pregnant women willing to consume 200 cc of dragon fruit juice daily for a duration of 14 days. Bivariate data analysis was conducted using the Mann-Whitney Test. The intervention implemented involved administering dragon fruit juice, prepared by blending 200g of dragon fruit with 200cc of water and adding 3 tablespoons of sugar. The findings reveal a statistically significant difference in Hb levels among pregnant women before and after the consumption of dragon fruit juice, with a P value of 0.001.

REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OPTIMIZATION: REMARKABLE BENEFITS OF AVOCADO JUICE IN ENHANCING PRODUCTION AND REDUCING SPERMATOZOAL ABNORMALITIES IN MICE EXPOSED TO CLOVE CIGARETTE SMOKE

Cigarette smoke has the potential to disrupt hormonal balance, affect spermatogenesis processes, impair spermatozoa viability, and introduce toxic substances to spermatozoa. Avocado fruit contains proteins and vitamins such as vitamin A, B, B1, B2, E, and C, beta-carotene, linoleic acid, lecithin, calcium, iron, pantothenic acid, potassium, phosphorus, niacin, and natural plant oils. The presence of vitamin C and E in avocado is believed to enhance the quantity of Leydig cells and spermatozoa. This study aims to evaluate the potential of avocado juice in optimizing reproductive health in mice exposed to clove cigarette smoke. Male mice (Mus musculus), aged 2 months, weighing ±20g, were randomly divided into 5 groups: K- (negative control), K+ (positive control exposed to cigarette smoke without avocado juice), P1 (mice exposed to cigarette smoke and given avocado juice at a dose of 0.5 ml/20 g BW), P2 (mice exposed to cigarette smoke and given avocado juice at a dose of 0.7 ml/20 g BW), and P3 (mice exposed to cigarette smoke and given avocado juice at a dose of 0.9 ml/20 g BW). Cigarette smoke exposure was administered for 14 days. The results indicate that regular avocado juice consumption can enhance sperm production and reduce spermatozoa abnormalities in mice exposed to clove cigarette smoke. The clinical implications of these findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential of avocado juice as a supplement to improve reproductive health, particularly in environments exposed to clove cigarette smoke

Effectiveness Of Warm Ginger Milk Consumption In Reduce Emesis Gravidarum In 1st Trimester Pregnant Women In Pmb Karawang City Year 2023

Background: In early pregnancy, many mothers experience complaints of nausea, vomiting, especially in the morning, which is known as morning sickness or in medical language known as emesis gravidarum. Symptoms of emesis gravidarum in pregnant women can be treated both with conventional and non-conventional treatments or often referred to as complementary therapy, namely with herbal plants that are easily available such as lemongrass, lemon, peppermint leaves and the most popular is ginger. Research Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of consuming warm ginger milk juice in reducing emesis gravidarum in first trimester pregnant women at PMB Karawang City in 2023 Research Methods: The type of research used in this study is quasi-experimental and post test only design one group. The population in this study were 54 mothers. The sample in this study were 35 mothers who were in PMB Karawang City. Bivariate analysis using the Wilcoxon test. Results: The average frequency of emesis gravidarum in 1st trimester pregnant women before being given warm ginger juice was 9.97, a standard deviation of 1.636, a minimum of 7 and a maximum of 13. The average frequency of emesis gravidarum in 1st trimester pregnant women after being given consumption warm ginger milk juice is 5.54, a standard deviation of 1.039, a minimum of 4 and a maximum of 7. Conclusion: It can be concluded that consumption of warm ginger milk juice is effective in reducing emesis gravidarum in first trimester pregnant women at PMB Karawang City in 2023.

Inflation in Orange Juice Prices and Consumer Responses

This publication examines the recent inflation in orange juice prices and consumer responses using Nielsen scanner and Orange Juice tracker datasets. Orange juice prices experienced high inflation, peaking at 14.1% in January 2023, leading to decreased sales in both volume and dollars. Consumers are aware of the ongoing inflation in orange juice prices and reduced their orange juice purchases in quantity and frequency instead of discontinuing consumption altogether. Despite the significant barrier of high prices, the proportions of active orange juice consumers and those with a positive perception of orange juice remained steady and strong. Marketing efforts emphasizing the health benefits of orange juice continue to be crucial in sustaining consumer perception and demand.

Differences In The Effectiveness Of Giving Tomato Juice And Cucumber Juice In Lowering Blood Pressure In Hypertension In The Review Of Pregnancy

Background the content of tomato and cucumber juice both contain potassium which functions as a catalyst so that potassium can play a role in lowering a person's blood pressure. The purpose of writing: to determine the difference in the effectiveness of giving tomato juice and cucumber juice in reducing blood pressure in those who experience hypertension in terms of gestational age. Research Methods: Pre-experimental research with the type of one group pre test – post test design by means of a causal relationship by involving one group of subjects. the subject group was observed before the intervention was carried out and then observed after the intervention was carried out. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling with a purposive method. The study was divided into 2 variables, namely the independent variables, namely the consumption of tomato juice and cucumber juice. Research Results: The results of statistical tests are known Asymp. Sig (2 – Talled) has a value of 0.263, because 0.263 &gt; 0.05, it can be concluded that the hypothesis is rejected. This means that there is no difference in giving tomato juice and cucumber juice in reducing blood pressure in those with hypertension. This means that tomato juice and cucumber juice both have the same efficacy in reducing blood pressure in pregnant women. However, from the Mann –Whitney mean rank between giving tomato juice and cucumber juice, it was found that cucumber juice was more effective than tomato juice in reducing blood pressure. Conclusions and Suggestions: The results of this study are expected to provide information that giving date palm juice and beetroot juice is a type of natural food that can increase Hb levels.

Differences In The Effectiveness Of Date Juice And Beet Juice In Increasing Hemoglobin Levels In Anemia Pregnant Women In The Work Area Of The Tirtamulya Health Center In 2023

Background: beets and dates can increase hemoglobin for those who have anemia. The nutritional composition of dates is that they are rich in natural sugars, fiber, potassium, magnesium and B vitamins, iron, calcium and phosphorus in fairly high amounts, while beets also contain nitrates, compounds that can help improve blood flow and performance. brain so that it can be known to increase hemoglobin levels in the blood. Purpose of writing: to find out the difference in the effectiveness of giving date juice and beet juice in increasing hemoglobin levels in anemic pregnant women in the working area of the Tirtamulya Health Center in 2023. Research method: Pre-experimental study with type one group pre test – post test design by means of relationships cause and effect by involving a group of subjects. the subject group was observed before the intervention was carried out and then observed after the intervention was carried out. The sampling technique is non-probability sampling with a purposive method. The study was divided into 2 variables, namely the independent variable, namely the consumption of date juice and beetroot juice. Results: Assessment before and after administration of date palm juice obtained a value of Sig 0.000, sig value &lt;0.05 which can be concluded that there is effectiveness of giving date juice in increasing Hb levels in anemic pregnant women. While theassessment before and after giving beetroot juice obtained a Sig value of 0.000, a sig value &lt;0.05 which can be concluded that there is effectiveness of giving beetroot juice in increasing Hb levels in anemic pregnant women. Conclusions and Suggestions: The results of this study are expected to provide information that giving date palm juice and beetroot juice is a type of natural food that can increase Hb levels.

Current perspectives and challenges in the estimation of fruit juice consumption across the lifecycle in Europe.

Fruit juice (FJ) is typically low in energy, contains natural sugars, important amounts of micronutrients and is not permitted to have added sugars/sweeteners. However, its role in a healthy diet is under scrutiny partly due to the wider adoption of the definition for free sugars in nutrition policy. This review aimed to identify data on FJ consumption from national food consumption surveys across Europe, to examine current intakes, percent consumers and its contribution to intakes of energy, total sugars, free sugars, vitamin C, folate and potassium. Data were extracted on the population mean intake of FJ and its contribution to nutrient intakes across the lifecycle and crude estimates of population mean intakes across countries were reported for the total population and for consumers only. This review highlighted significant gaps/challenges regarding the availability of country-specific national food consumption surveys across Europe and specifically data on FJ consumption (including complexities surrounding categorisations). Nonetheless, using a comparable/homogenous definition, the mean intake of FJ among consumers was approximately 1 × 150 ml glass/day for adults/older adults, with lower intakes among infants (86 g/d), children (108 g/d) and teenagers (112 g/d). FJ made important contributions to intakes of vitamin C while making little contribution to energy intakes but also contributed 2-14 % of free sugars intake (which may be considered modest compared to other sources). The complexity of collating and interpreting data on FJ intake as elucidated in this review raises questions surrounding the categorisation of FJ in research and presents significant challenges for policymakers with respect to dietary guidance for FJ.

100% Orange Juice Consumption is Associated with Socioeconomic Status, Improved Nutrient Adequacy, and Higher Bioactive Compounds Intake: Results from Brazilian National Dietary Survey 2017–2018

Objective The consumption of 100% orange juice (OJ) has been associated with nutrient adequacy and better diet quality. To date, there are few analyses exploring 100% OJ consumption patterns across populations, with no data from Brazil. We aimed to explore the associations between 100% OJ consumption, sociodemographic factors, and nutrient intake in a representative sample of the Brazilian general population aged 10 years or older. Methods Data were obtained from the National Dietary Survey 2017–2018, a cross-sectional study including data on individual food intake of 46,164 subjects aged ≥10 years collected using two 24-h dietary recalls. Results 100% OJ was consumed by 11% of the population, with a mean intake of 43.0 ml/d. Males were more frequent consumers compared to females, and the percentage of consumers increased with education and income. 100% OJ consumption was associated with higher intakes of energy, vitamin C, folate, calcium, magnesium, potassium, polyphenols, and carotenoids. There is no significant difference in fiber intake between consumers and non-consumers. 100% OJ consumers had a higher percentage of the population meeting the Estimated Average Requirement for vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, folate, calcium, and magnesium. Conclusion Our results suggest that 100% OJ could be a component of a healthy diet, helping individuals to achieve nutrient recommendations.

Fruit juice - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.

Fruit juice has a similar nutrient content as whole fruit and may in this respect be part of a healthy diet. However, a lower amount or lack of fibre and a higher concentration of sugars and energy could also contribute to less satiation and increase the risk of excess energy intake. The aim of this scoping review is to describe the overall evidence for the role of fruit juice as a basis for setting and updating food-based dietary guidelines in the Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. PubMed was searched for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and evidence was extracted on relevant health outcomes. Current available evidence indicates that low to moderate consumption of fruit juice is not associated with an apparent risk of chronic diseases and may have protective effects on cardiovascular disease. The association between the intake of fruit juice and weight gain remains unclear and might be of concern for some groups of people. Overall, the evidence regarding health effects of fruit juice is limited.

Microbial Quality of Fresh Juices Sold by Street Vendors and Associated Human Health Risks: The Case of Ilala Ward, Dar es Salaam City, Tanzania

Microbial food quality serves to indicate health risks associated with the consumption of contaminated foods. This study aimed to determine the microbial quality of fresh juices and the level of awareness and perception of the consumers and juice vendors at Ilala Ward, Dar es Salaam. Fresh samples of sugarcane, mango and mixed fruit juices were collected from four different sampling stations and analysed using standard methods for Total Coliform (TC), Faecal Coliform (FC) and Total Viable Count (TVC). The level of awareness and perception of 60 juice vendors and 60 consumers were also assessed by using questionnaires. The results showed that TC numbers ranged from the lowest mean of 6.100±4.180x106 to 7.483±3.650x107 MPN/ml, FC ranged from 2.566±0.989x106 to 2.017±1.687x107 MPN/ml while TVC ranged from 5.046±1.032x109 to 5.871±0.835x109 CFU/ml of fresh juices. The level of TC, FC and TVC was beyond the recommended international and Tanzanian standards showing that fresh juices posed a high risk for consumers. On the other hand, 42% of the juice consumers had low awareness of microbial contamination of fresh juices, which leads to high health risks. It is recommended that street juice vendors should adopt proper hygiene measures and undergo appropriate training on microbial quality, food safety and sanitation.

Determination of aflatoxin M1 and ochratoxin A in breast milk in rural centers of Yazd, Iran: Exposure assessment and risk characterization.

Breast milk (BM) is considered as the best source of nutrition which could have prevention effects on various diseases in the first years of a child. Along with nutritive compounds, presence of contaminants such as mycotoxins in BM could be transmitted into neonate. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence, levels, and factors associated with the presence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) and ocratoxin a (OTA) in BM samples of nursing mothers in rural centers of Yazd, Iran. The presence and average AFM1 and OTA concentration in 72 BM samples was measured by competitive ELISA. The demographic and diet parameters of nursing mothers were collected by a questionnaire and were analyzed using SPSS 18 software. AFM1 and OTA were detected in 63 (87.5%) and 47 (65.2%) samples with the mean concentration levels of 19.46 ± 13.26ng/L (ranges from 5.1 to 53.9) and 200 ± 160ng/L (ranges from 100 to 2460), respectively. Of these, 32 samples (50.7%) for AFM1 and 23 samples (48.9%) for OTA had values exceeding the limit set by the European Union regulation for infant foods (25ng/L for AFM1 and 500ng/L for OTA). It was also found that the risk of AFM1 and OTA occurrence in BM increased significantly with the consumption of beans, bread, cereals, fruit juice and crackers, and cream, respectively. This study showed that the estimated daily intake for AFM1 and OTA by 1month of age infants was 2.7 and 28.5ng/kg bw/day, respectively, while, as the age of the infant increased, the values were lower and close to 0.9 and 9.9ng/kg bw/day for AFM1 and OTA in 12months of age infants, respectively. The high occurrence and noticeable levels of AFM1 and OTA detected in this study indicated that some infants receive undesirable exposures to AFM1 and OTA with breast milk. Therefore, it is recommended that mothers are advised to avoid certain foods during pregnancy and breastfeeding that are likely sources of mycotoxins.

Effects of beetroot-pineapple juice on hypertensive elderly in Depok

The prevalence of hypertension, based on measurement results among the population aged ? 18 in Indonesia, increased by 8.3% from 2013 to 2018. Due to this rise, there is an evident need for treatments to decrease this rate. Introducing non-pharmacological therapies, such as beetroot and pineapple juice, maybe a viable solution. This study aimed to assess the difference in blood pressure before and after the consumption of beetroot and pineapple juice among elderly hypertensive patients in the Abadijaya Public Health Center region of Depok City. The research followed an experimental design, specifically a pretest-posttest one-group format. The study involved 15 elderly individuals aged between 60-80 years with blood pressure readings of ? 140/90 mmHg. They consumed 300 ml of the juice daily for seven consecutive days. Data analysis included the Shapiro-Wilk test for normality, the paired t-test, and the Wilcoxon test for statistical significance. The findings revealed a significant reduction in blood pressure after the consumption of beetroot and pineapple juice, with a p-value for systolic pressure at 0,000 and diastolic pressure at 0,020 (p&lt;0,05). The average decrease in systolic blood pressure was 13,03 mmHg, and for diastolic blood pressure, it was 4,8 mmHg. There was a discernible difference in blood pressure measurements before and after juice consumption among the elderly hypertensive patients.