Jugular Venous Thrombosis Research Articles

Bilateral internal jugular venous thrombosis following successful assisted conception in the absence of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome

The majority of the venous thromboembolic events seen in patient following gonadotropin administration were associated with the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). However, in this case report, a 29-year-old woman that conceived by controlled ovarian hyperstimulation, intracytoplasmic sperm injection and subsequent embryo transfer without conjunction of OHSS was described. Bilateral jugular venous thrombi were detected by duplex Doppler in the 8th week of pregnancy when she was admitted to the emergency room for difficulty in swallowing and bilateral neck pain. She had unremarkable history and negative results for thrombophilia screening. Full anticoagulation with intravenous heparin was initiated and continued subcutaneously throughout pregnancy. She delivered two healthy babies at 36 weeks of pregnancy. Venous thromboembolism should be taken in account in patients undergoing gonadotropin administration for assisted conception with the complaint of extremity pain regardless of having risk factors for thromboembolism.

Asymptomatic Internal Jugular Venous Thrombosis in Patients With Symptomatic Subclavian Vein Thrombosis

Asymptomatic Internal Jugular Venous Thrombosis in Patients With Symptomatic Subclavian Vein Thrombosis

Asymptomatic internal jugular venous thrombosis in patients with symptomatic subclavian vein thrombosis

Asymptomatic internal jugular venous thrombosis in patients with symptomatic subclavian vein thrombosis

Recurrent head and neck cancer: retreatment of previously irradiated areas with combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy-results of a prospective study.

To prospectively test the effectiveness of combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy for recurrent head and neck cancer. In 32 patients, external-beam radiation therapy (2 Gy/d) was administered as a 5-day course with simultaneous hydroxyurea (1.5 g/d orally) and 5-fluorouracil (300 mg/m(2)/d bolus), followed by 9 days of rest. This cycle was repeated until a cumulative soft-tissue radiation dose of 110 Gy (including prior radiation therapy) was reached. At a median follow-up of 18 months, three patients were alive, and 29 had died. The overall 1-year survival rate was 39%. The overall response rate was 41% (13 patients). Acute toxicity was low. According to World Health Organization and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria, there were three cases of grade 3 mucositis or dermatitis and three cases of grade 3 or 4 neutropenia. Three patients had grade 3 late effects: one oral trismus, one jugular venous thrombosis, and one cerebral stroke. The combination of simultaneous 5-fluorouracil and hydroxyurea infusion and local reirradiation is feasible for retreatment of recurrent head and neck tumors. This regimen provides short-term tumor control in most patients and long-term control in a few patients.

Oral low–molecular weight heparin and delivery agent prevents jugular venous thrombosis in the rat

Purpose: Sodium N-[10-(2-hydroxybenzoyl)amino]decanoate (SNAD) is a novel carrier that allows the gastrointestinal absorption of low–molecular weight heparin (LMWH). The purpose of this experiment was to evaluate oral LMWH with SNAD for the prevention of deep venous thrombosis. Methods: Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were equally assigned to five experimental groups: group 1 (control), oral saline solution; group 2, oral LMWH (15 mg/kg); group 3, oral SNAD (300 mg/kg); group 4, subcutaneous LMWH (5 mg/kg); and group 5, oral LMWH (15 mg/kg) and SNAD (300 mg/kg). After treatment, the jugular vein was isolated, occluded, and bathed in an ethanol and formalin solution for 2 minutes. Two hours later, the vessel was examined for patency, presence of thrombus, and thrombus weight. Serum measurement of anti-factor Xa activity was performed in a separate set of 30 rats, which were placed into the following four groups: group A, LMWH (5 mg/kg); group B, oral LMWH (15 mg/kg) and SNAD (300 mg/kg); group C, oral LMWH (15 mg/kg); and group D, SNAD (300 mg/kg). Results: The animals that underwent oral LMWH/SNAD therapy had a statistically significant decrease in visible thrombi. The thrombus weight of the oral LMWH/SNAD group was significantly less than the weights of all other groups, except the subcutaneous LMWH group. Anti-factor Xa levels were significantly elevated in the LMWH/SNAD group. There was no statistically significant difference between the data for the oral LMWH/SNAD group and the subcutaneous LMWH group. Conclusion: The combination of oral LMWH and SNAD prevented deep venous thrombosis. The oral LMWH and SNAD therapy effected an increase in levels of anti-factor Xa. (J Vasc Surg 1999;30:526-32.)

Postanginal septicaemia with external jugular venous thrombosis: case report

Postanginal septicaemia is a syndrome of anaerobic septicaemia, septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein, and metastatic infections, that follows a localized infection in the area drained by the large cervical veins. The syndrome was well-known and often fatal in the preantibiotic era. It is now rather rare, presumably as a result of the almost routine use of prophylactic antibiotics. The symptoms are classic, and it should be suspected in any case where septicaemia and metastatic lesions are preceded by a head and neck infection. We report a case that is typical, except that branches of the external jugular vein were thrombosed. To our knowledge this has not been reported previously.

Bilateral internal jugular venous thrombosis complicating severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome after prophylactic albumin administration: Moutos D.M.; Miller M.M.; Mahadevan M.M. USA Fertil Steril 1997 68/1 (174–176)

Bilateral internal jugular venous thrombosis complicating severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome after prophylactic albumin administration: Moutos D.M.; Miller M.M.; Mahadevan M.M. USA Fertil Steril 1997 68/1 (174–176)

Bilateral internal jugular venous thrombosis complicating severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome after prophylactic albumin administration

To report a case of bilateral thrombosis of the internal jugular veins in a patient after controlled ovarian hyperstimulation and IVF. Case report. University-based IVF program. Ovulation induction with gonadotropins, IVF-ET, albumin administration, and therapeutic heparinization. Doppler ultrasound of neck veins. Severe ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome and bilateral thrombosis of the internal jugular veins occurred despite prophylactic administration of albumin. This was treated successfully with therapeutic heparinization. Internal jugular venous thrombosis, a rare complication of ovulation induction with gonadotropins, should be considered in patients with neck pain and swelling.

Pregnancy complicated by the antiphospholipid syndrome.

A patient with previously undiagnosed antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) developed atypical severe preeclampsia at 31 weeks' gestation. Other complications of pregnancy included intrauterine growth retardation, thrombocytopenia and fetal distress necessitating urgent delivery of a live infant. There was a prior history of unexplained jugular venous thrombosis. Prophylaxis against thrombosis was commenced immediately postoperatively and no postpartum complications occurred. Recent evidence supports the use of antepartum prophylaxis with low dose heparin in patients with APS. The role of low dose aspirin, either alone or in combination with heparin, is yet to be determined. Human immunoglobulin may be useful in selected cases. Early diagnosis is a key factor in their management.

Prolonged Barbiturate Therapy in a Patient with Closed Head Injury and Jugular Venous Thrombosis

Prolonged Barbiturate Therapy in a Patient with Closed Head Injury and Jugular Venous Thrombosis

Duplex sonographic detection of internal jugular venous thrombosis after removal of central venous catheters

Venous thrombosis is a very common complication of central venous catheters inserted via the jugular or subclavian vein. The aim of this prospective study is to test the suitability of duplex sonography in detecting thrombi in the internal jugular vein after catheter removal and to analyze the number and extent of such thrombus formations. The study group comprised 64 consecutive patients with an average age of 59 +/- 16 years admitted to an internal intensive care unit. In 54 cases the catheters were removed under sonographic control. In 10 cases duplex sonography was carried out within 24 h after removal of the catheters. The data of 63 patients were evaluated. In 40 patients (63.5%), thrombi of varying extent were present in the jugular vein. No significant correlations were found between thrombus formation and the basic disease, duration of cannulation, the type of catheters used, and the mode of heparinization (therapeutic vs. low-dose). Local inflammation signs and local hematoma showed a significantly higher incidence (p < 0.01) in patients with thrombus formation. Duplex sonography lends itself as a valuable diagnostic tool in the diagnosis of thrombus formation in the internal jugular vein after removal of central venous catheters. Sonographic examinations should be carried out in all long-stay patients at an intensive care unit, in whom central venous catheters are inserted repeatedly via the internal jugular vein.

An exeprimental study on MRI imaging of jugular venous thrombosis in dogs

An exeprimental study on MRI imaging of jugular venous thrombosis in dogs

Fibrin Specific Thrombolysis by Two-Chain Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator Cleaved after Arginine 156 by Thrombin

Scu-PA was cleaved by thrombin after arginine-156 to yield a two-chain molecule with low amidolytic activity and resistance to cleavage by plasmin. 125I-fibrin-labeled clots were dissolved in vitro by thrombin-cut scu-PA, but only at concentrations 10- to 50-fold greater than that needed for scu-PA. Three hours of incubation produced 100, 80, and 31% lysis with 100, 50, and 25 micrograms/ml thrombin-cut scu-PA. Thrombin-cut scu-PA, scu-PA, and tcu-PA yielded linear dose responses in the rabbit jugular venous thrombosis model. The dose required to reach 40% lysis was 2 mg/kg for scu-PA, 3 mg/kg for tcu-PA, and 4 mg/kg for thrombin-cut scu-PA. No significant consumption of fibrinogen or alpha 2-antiplasmin levels was observed with thrombin-cut scu-PA while the level of fibrinogen and alpha 2-antiplasmin decreased to about 50 and 40%, respectively, with scu-PA and to less than 10% of baseline with tcu-PA. Thus, while less potent than scu-PA, thrombin-cut scu-PA appears to be a more fibrin-specific thrombolytic agent than scu-PA.

Jugular venous thrombosis: MR imaging.

Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging of jugular venous thrombosis was investigated in three patients who had symptoms suggestive of this condition; the diagnosis was later confirmed by computed tomography, by venography, and clinically. Bright intraluminal signal intensity was seen throughout the course of the affected jugular vein on MR images in all three patients, in sharp contrast to the lack of signal from the corresponding site in the uninvolved venous system. Temporal changes in signal intensity from the acute to subacute stage of thrombosis were evaluated for one patient. A relative increase in signal intensity for the subacute phase was believed to be related to a decrease in the T1 relaxation time. MR may be the imaging modality of choice in the investigation of venous thrombosis.