HE use of patents as a means of dominating national and international industries has been widely discussed in the last few years.' Congressional investigations, with a view to reforming the American patent system, recur perennially.2 Meanwhile, the Supreme Court has been attempting to piece together a doctrinal body of patent law compatible with the competitive economic system to which the United States is formally committed. As this comment is being written, the Court has under consideration an appeal from the district court for the northern district of Ohio. The case on appeal, Hartford-Empire Co. et al. v. United States,3 besides supplying a rich vein of earthy information with which to evaluate the operation of the American patent system generally, also presents a number of interesting legal questions and one issue crucial in the developing body of patent-law doctrine-the issue of compulsory licensing. The first part of this comment will be devoted to a somewhat detailed exposition of the history of the glass-container industry, the manner in which Hartford-Empire rose to domination of that industry, and the legal issues raised by the Hartford-Empire case. The facts and legal issues presented by the case will also serve as a background for the second part of this comment, in which recent legislative proposals for reform of the