Journey Stages Research Articles

KESADARAN KEBANGSAAN PADA SETIAP TAHAPAN PERJALANAN KEBANGSAAN INDONESIA

The function of education is the transformation of culture and values to students, so that they are able to understand, internalize and convey to the next generation. One of them is character education. Of course, character education will be very good if it is supported by other sciences. This article is supported by psychology. The research method used in this article is a literature review research method or literature study, which contains relevant theories. The conclusion of this article states that character education shapes one's personality through character education, the results of which can be seen in one's real actions, namely good behavior, honest responsibility, respect for others, hard work, and so on. Character education is supported by educational psychology. Educational psychology is more of a science that can be applied in everyday life, especially about how our society manages learning. Educational Psychology has developed into a science that focuses on the discovery and application of psychological principles and techniques into education, so the scope of educational psychology covers topics that are closely related to character education. The purpose of character education is very good to use and develop. Content, methods in the form of implementation, methods in the form of guarding, educational tools in the form of action, character education environment, as well as students, both to be used and developed supported by other sciences apart from psychology.Keywords: National Awareness, Journey Stages, Nationality, Indonesia

Tailored support may reduce mental and relational impact of infertility on infertile patients and partners

Research questionWhat is the psychological impact of infertility on infertile patients and partners of infertile patients? DesignThis online, international, quantitative survey assessed the impact of infertility on mental health, relationships and daily activities for 1944 respondents. Respondents were male or female infertile patients (n = 1037) or partners to infertile patients (n = 907; not necessarily partners of the patient sample) and were recruited at different stages of the treatment journey. ResultsThe most common emotions were ‘sadness’ at infertility diagnosis and ‘anxiety’ during treatment. Emotions differed in nature and intensity throughout the journey. Envy of others who achieved pregnancy was frequently reported by women. More than half of respondents (60.4%; n = 1174) perceived the infertility journey to have impacted their mental health, and 44.1% (n = 857) of respondents sought mental health support. More patients reported mental health impacts (70.1%, n = 727) than partners (49.3%, n = 447). One in three respondents indicated that their relationship had suffered due to the infertility diagnosis. Of these respondents, 55.0% (n = 409) strongly agreed that infertility caused an emotional strain. Patients more often than partners reported a detrimental impact on daily activities. Respondents most commonly agreed with statements regarding an ‘effect on work–life balance’. ConclusionTreatment journey stages are defined by their impact profile, which differs between infertile patients and partners of infertile patients. Negative impacts are diverse (mental health, relational, daily activities). There was disparity between the number of respondents reporting mental health issues and the number seeking mental health support. This indicates the need for support services tailored to different treatment stages.

SafeCX: a framework for safe customer experience in omnichannel retailing

PurposeThe experience of safety as perceived by customers is a central issue in retailing, and its importance has increased because of the pandemic. Substantial literature exists addressing different factors related to safety/security experience in different types of retail channels. However, what is missing is a unified framework to guide safe customer experience initiatives across all channels. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the safety elements in omnichannel retailing as perceived by customers and how these safety elements affect customer experience (CX) judgments and consumer behavior in a post-pandemic context.Design/methodology/approachA systematic literature review on safety/security studies in a retail context is conducted, followed by a qualitative study driven by a means-end-chain laddering technique collecting data from 62 retail customers in Australia, the USA and UK.FindingsFourteen distinct safety elements in omnichannel retailing are identified. Four elements are relevant to the CX at the pre-purchase stage of the customer journey: social inclusiveness, role readiness, employment policy and safety policy enforcement. Six elements are relevant to the during-purchase stage: physical safety, personal hygiene, spatial distancing, fraud prevention, security surveillance and safety signal. The remaining four elements are relevant to the post-purchase stage: delivery safety, safety recall, mental health and data usage.Originality/valueThis study presents a new unified framework addressing safety and security in post-pandemic retail service settings. The SafeCX framework offers researchers and managers a holistic understanding of the distinct safety elements that shape customers’ perceptions across each customer journey stage of the retail CX.

A Meta-Analytical Comparative Study of ‘Mystical Journey’ in the Persian and the World’s Literature

A Meta-Analytical Comparative Study of ‘Mystical Journey’ in the Persian and the World’s Literature

The Influence of the Duration of Journey Stages on Transport Mode Choice: A Case Study in the City of Tarnow

In this paper, we present the effect of making too many private car journeys on city transport systems. A sustainable approach for the development of transport infrastructure is needed, which takes into account local conditions and needs, especially for areas with a high density of origins and destinations. The criteria for evaluating public transport and bicycle transport are presented, which, if acceptable to city residents, may lead to changes in transportation behaviors and, thus, a more efficient use of transport in daily travels. Factors affecting the mode of transport choice include the duration of particular stages of a journey, such as reaching the location where the first ride commences/driving from the travel origin, waiting for a vehicle (bus journeys) or ride/drive, and reaching the travel destination of the last ride/drive. Additionally, the possibility of using a car and having a seasonal ticket for public transport were taken into account. In this study, the results of detailed travel research in the Polish city of Tarnow were used. It has been proven that the low share of public transport in daily travels is due, among other things, to excessive time to reach a stop and due to walking to journey destinations, whereas the low share of cycling is mainly due to a lack of comfort and safe cycling infrastructure.

Workforce participation in relation to cancer diagnosis, type and stage: Australian population-based study of 163,556 middle-aged people

PurposeTo quantify the relationship of cancer diagnosis to workforce participation in Australia, according to cancer type, clinical features and personal characteristics.MethodsQuestionnaire data (2006–2009) from participants aged 45–64 years (n=163,556) from the population-based 45 and Up Study (n=267,153) in New South Wales, Australia, were linked to cancer registrations to ascertain cancer diagnoses up to enrolment. Modified Poisson regression estimated age- and sex-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs) for non-participation in the paid workforce—in participants with cancer (n=8,333) versus without (n=155,223), for 13 cancer types.ResultsOverall, 42% of cancer survivors and 29% of people without cancer were out of the workforce (PR=1.18; 95%CI=1.15–1.21). Workforce non-participation varied substantively by cancer type, being greatest for multiple myeloma (1.83; 1.53–2.18), oesophageal (1.70; 1.13–2.58) and lung cancer (1.68; 1.45–1.93) and moderate for colorectal (1.23; 1.15–1.33), breast (1.11; 1.06–1.16) and prostate cancer (1.06; 0.99–1.13). Long-term survivors, 5 or more years post-diagnosis, had 12% (7–16%) greater non-participation than people without cancer, and non-participation was greater with recent diagnosis, treatment or advanced stage. Physical disability contributed substantively to reduced workforce participation, regardless of cancer diagnosis.ConclusionsCancer survivors aged 45–64 continue to participate in the workforce. However, participation is lower than in people without cancer, varying by cancer type, and is reduced particularly around the time of diagnosis and treatment and with advanced disease.Implications for Cancer SurvivorsWhile many cancer survivors continue with paid work, participation is reduced. Workforce retention support should be tailored to survivor preferences, cancer type and cancer journey stage.

Exploring drivers of patient satisfaction using a random forest algorithm

BackgroundPatient satisfaction is a multi-dimensional concept that provides insights into various quality aspects in healthcare. Although earlier studies identified a range of patient and provider-related determinants, their relative importance to patient satisfaction remains unclear.MethodsWe used a tree-based machine-learning algorithm, random forests, to estimate relationships between patient and provider-related determinants and satisfaction level in two of the main patient journey stages, registration and consultation, through survey data from 411 patients at a hospital in Abu Dhabi, UAE. Radar charts were also generated to determine which type of questions—demographics, time, behaviour, and procedure—influence patient satisfaction.ResultsOur results showed that the ‘age’ attribute, a patient-related determinant, is the leading driver of patient satisfaction in both stages. ‘Total time taken for registration’ and ‘attentiveness and knowledge of the doctor/physician while listening to your queries’ are the leading provider-related determinants in each model developed for registration and consultation stages, respectively. The radar charts revealed that ‘demographics’ are the most influential type in the registration stage, whereas ‘behaviour’ is the most influential in the consultation stage.ConclusionsGenerating valuable results, the random forest model provides significant insights on the relative importance of different determinants to overall patient satisfaction. Healthcare practitioners, managers and researchers can benefit from applying the model for prediction and feature importance analysis in their particular healthcare settings and areas of their concern.

Loyalty programs as travel companions: Complementary service features across customer journey stages

Traditionally, loyalty programs have rewarded members following their purchases. However, current versions of these programs feature extended scopes of benefits, including technology-facilitated complementary service features that span multiple purchase stages. Using a multimethod approach, this research explores the potential of loyalty programs to become meaningful “travel companions” along the customer’s journey. First, a qualitative focus group study finds the different roles of loyalty programs: purchase process facilitation (prepurchase stage), value enhancement (purchase stage), and reassurance (postpurchase stage). Then, a survey of members of a grocery retailer’s loyalty program shows the relative importance of stage-specific interactions with service features. Managers can apply these insights for designing their loyalty program to leverage its full benefits and help members co-create value with technological support.

Lookalike Targeting on Others' Journeys: Brand Versus Performance Marketing

Lookalike Targeting is a widely used model-based ad targeting approach that uses a seed database of individuals to identify matching lookalikes for targeted customer acquisition. An advertiser has to make two key choices: (1) who to seed on and (2) seed-match rank range. First, we assess if and how seeding by others' journey stages impact clickthrough (upstream behavior desirable for brand marketing) and donation (downstream behavior desirable in performance marketing). Overall, we find that lookalike targeting using other's journeys can be effective-third parties can indeed identify factors unobserved to the advertiser merely from others' journey stage to improve targeting. Further, while it is sufficient to seed on upstream journey stages for brand marketing, seeding on more downstream stages improves performance marketing outcomes. Second, we assess the effectiveness of expanding the target audience with lower match ranks between seed and lookalikes. The drop in effectiveness with lower match rank range is much greater for performance marketing (donation) than for brand marketing (click-through). However, performance marketers can alleviate the reduction in ad effectiveness for low match ranks by making targeting more salient; but increasing salience has little impact for high match rank. Overall, by increasing salience, performance marketers can make acquisition cost comparable for high and low match ranks.

Analysis of environmental migrants and their mental health in strengthening health systems

Background: It is predicted that by 2050 more than 250 million people will have to relocate as a result of climate-related change to their home environment. The existential threat posed by anthropogenic phenomena such as forest fires, floods, sea level rise, drought, and intensified weather events (e.g. tropical storms) has caused a new type of migrant to emerge. Within academic literature, these migrants are referred to as climate migrants, environmental migrants, or eco migrants, among other terms. These individuals’ migration journey and this journey’s impact on their mental health is currently an understudied research area. This paper summarizes the mental health challenges climate migrants face via a narrative review. Methods: Google Scholar was used as the main search database throughout May, 2020 until authors determined data saturation had been reached. Grey literature was also included. Sources were included if they focused directly on evaluating environmental migrants and their mental health experiences. Academic sources must have been peer-reviewed and published within the past 10 years. Information was coded and evaluated according to the three migration journey stages of before, after, and during relocation. Results: Main findings include that the slow or sudden degradation of one’s surroundings can cause the onset of mental health disorders that are later exacerbated by challenges faced when migrating, such as lack of access to health services. Mental health challenges faced upon reaching destination communities consist mainly of social marginalization and disruption of social ties. Lastly, action items for health systems are outlined and the need for more research on the mental wellbeing of climate migrants throughout their migration journey is stressed. Conclusions: This review is an urgent call to policymakers, health professionals, and researchers to strengthen health systems by making them more climate resilient and inclusive towards environmental migrants.

Customer Purchase Journey, Privacy Choices, and Advertising Strategies

Advertising to a consumer moves her further along the purchase journey, and tracking the consumer's online activities enables the advertiser to infer her purchase journey stage and target her accordingly. However, many consumers dislike being tracked, and repeated advertising leads to ad wearout. Under these considerations, we investigate the impact of regulations that endow a consumer with the choice to opt in to have her activity be tracked or opt out of tracking. A consumer's opt-in decision balances two aspects of privacy: its intrinsic value (protect privacy for its own sake) and its instrumental value (compromise privacy if doing so leads to utility-enhancing outcomes). Consumers opt in or out of tracking under different conditions. For instance, when ad effectiveness is intermediate, such that repeated ads would be useful for the advertiser, consumers opt in. This is because tracking reveals the consumer's purchase journey stage, which increases advertising efficiency and thus reduces ad repetition than if the consumer had opted out. Due to the opt-in/-out choice, and compared to the pre-regulation benchmark of consumer data being tracked, consumer surplus weakly increases and the advertiser's and the ad network's profits weakly decrease. Interestingly, the advertiser's and the ad network's profits may decrease in ad effectiveness.

Digital Interactions and Brand Experience Design

This paper introduces an overview and positioning of the contemporary brand experience in the digital context. With technological advances in games, gamification and emerging technologies, such as Virtual Reality (VR) and Artificial Intelligence (AI), it is possible that brand experiences are getting more pervasive and seamless. In this paper, we review the current theories around multi-sensory brand experience and the role of new technologies in the whole consumer journey, including pre-purchase, purchase and post-purchase stages. After this analysis, we introduce a conceptual framework that promotes a continuous loop of consumer experience and engagement from different and new touch points, which could be augmented by games, gamification and emerging technologies. Based on the framework, we conclude this paper with propositions, examples and recommendations for future research in contemporary brand management, which could help brand managers and designers to deal with technological challenges posed by the contemporary society.

Understanding factors influencing public transport passengers\u2019 pre-travel information-seeking behaviour

This paper investigates factors influencing public transport passengers’ pre-travel information-seeking behaviours in a British urban environment. Public transport traveller surveys were conducted to better understand the journey stages at which information was sought and the information sources used. A multivariate explanatory model of pre-travel information-seeking behaviour was developed using binomial logistic regression. Explanatory factors considered include socio-demographics, trip context, frequency of public transport use, information sources used, and smartphone ownership and use. Findings suggest that travel behaviour (5 + trips weekly, and < 1 trip weekly), socio-demographics (unemployment/unknown employment), trip context (journey planning stages, mode of transport), and preferred information sources (Internet site, word-of-mouth, visits to travel shop/centre/library) were significant predictors of pre-travel information-seeking behaviours among surveyed travellers. While the final model found that bus users are significantly associated with the use of Internet sites as a source of pre-travel information, rail users rely significantly on a multiplicity of sources comprising Internet sites, word-of-mouth, and visits to a travel shop/centre/library. The final model suggests that metro (light rail) users tend not to seek pre-travel information. The odds of seeking pre-travel public transport information are 2.512 times greater for respondents who reported < 1 trip per week as opposed to those who reported 5 + trips per week. These findings are relevant for passenger information strategies deployed by operators and authorities and can be used to caution against a “one size fits all” strategy for travel information service provision. Implications and suggestions for future research are discussed.

All Aboard for "SAM": A New Anticipatory Conceptual Model for Passenger Preconsumption in Cruise Tourism

Anticipation in the cruise sector is nothing new, and passengers are most likely to have to wait for their trips after purchase. Anticipation theory has shown that levels of anticipation will initially be high after purchase then decrease, rising again before the event takes place. Extant research has considered anticipation but has not focused on changes in emotions in this anticipatory time phase. This study is particularly useful to cruise tour operators because of the lengthy booking periods in this sector compared to other holiday types. This research note considers anticipation theory and analyzes the impacts of anticipatory emotion with cruise passengers. It proposes a new Spiked Anticipation Model (SAM), which identifies how consumer anticipation can vary during the prejourney phase. SAM considers anticipatory emotions and time, and spikes are noted as the cruise anticipatory journey progresses. The research has also shown that there are a variety of both positive and negative anticipatory emotions that can be expressed during this stage. This investigation will extend academic understanding of anticipatory theory and provide cruise company managers with a clearer understanding of consumer emotions in this phase that will help them to identify which services and products their cruise passengers may require in this preconsumptive journey stage, thus potentially enhancing customer satisfaction and increasing revenues.

HIYANGAN WADIAN DALAM UPACARA IJAMBE PADA MASYARAKAT DAYAK MAANYAN

The main problem of this reserach is the study of textual stucture in Hiyangan Wadian at death ceremony in Dayak Maanyan. In order to find and indentify the textual structure that build the Hiyangan Wadian in this ceremony, there are three textual sturcture by Van Dijk, such as macro structure, superstucture, and micro structure. Result of analysis on textual structure in the macro structure found that the main theme in Hiyangan kiaen tell about the journey stages to heaven that have to be passed by the spirit. The super structure of the text reveal that Hiyangan kiaen has three parts, opening part, content part and closing part. Result of analysis in the micro srtucture found that there are lexicosemantic paralelisms that reveal the words repetitions with the same meaning to emphasize that those words are important parts in the text.

A customer journey perspective on service delivery system design: insights from healthcare

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide novel theoretical insight into service delivery system (SDS) design. To do so, this paper adopts a customer journey perspective, using it as a frame to explore dimensions of experience quality that inform design requirements.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilises UK Patient Opinion data to analyse the stories of 200 cancer patients. Using a critical incident technique, 1,207 attributes of experience quality are generated and classified into 17 quality dimensions across five stages of the customer (patient) journey.FindingsAnalysis reveals both similarity and difference in dimensions of experience quality across the patient journey: seven dimensions are common to all five journey stages, from receiving diagnosis to end of life care; ten dimensions were found to vary, present in one or several of the stages but not in all.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations include a lack of representativity of the story sample and the impossibility to verify the factual occurrence of the stories.Practical implicationsAdopting a patient journey perspective can improve the practitioner understanding of the design requirements of SDS in healthcare. The results of the study can be applied by managers to configure SDS that achieve a higher quality of patient care throughout the patient journey.Originality/valueThis paper extends existing literature on SDS design by adopting a customer journey perspective, revealing heterogeneity in experience quality across the customer journey currently unaccounted for in SDS design frameworks. Specifically, the findings challenge homogeneity in extant SDS design frameworks, evidencing the need for multiple, stage-specific SDS design requirements.

A meta-analysis and synthesis of public transport customer amenity valuation research

ABSTRACTThis paper synthesises published research concerned with the valuation of public transport customer amenities. It includes normalisation of published values to equivalent terms, a meta-analysis of factors influencing these values, a review of valuation methods and issues faced in applying these methods, and an identification of gaps in knowledge. Some 57 separate research publications in this area were identified. Valuation methods adopted included stated preference, revealed preference, customer ratings, priority evaluator, maximum difference scaling and benefit/value transfer. Of these, stated preference was the most common published approach, however in practice benefit/value transfer is the most common method to apply values in project appraisal. Key issues associated with valuation include substantial variation in values (which are often context dependant) and the adoption of different units for expressing values, thereby limiting their transferability. Some 556 separate customer amenity values were identified relating to 97 separate amenity types. Almost all valuations were below 2 minutes of equivalent in-vehicle travel time value. Meta-analysis identified five types of significant predictors of values (R2 = 0.23): study location (Scandinavia), valuation method (stated preference), mode (train/metro), amenity group (access) and journey stage (boarding/alighting). Future research needs to disaggregate valuations by market segment.

An Experimental Investigation into the Impact of Vehicular Traffic on Interpersonal Wearable-to-Wearable Communications Channels

In this paper, we have investigated the effects of vehicular traffic on interpersonal wearable-to-wearable (W2W) communications channels in an urban environment at 2.45 GHz. In particular, we have studied the perturbations in the received signal caused by different types of vehicles as they passed through a channel between two persons who maintained various relative orientations while positioned at the opposite sides of a road. As the channel underwent different fading mechanisms depending on whether the vehicle was approaching, transitioning (i.e., intersecting the direct signal path), or receding from the persons, the overall disturbance was appropriately segmented depending on the journey stage. The results have shown that relative body orientation was a significant factor when considering the impact that a vehicle can have on a W2W link. When both persons faced the oncoming traffic, the link was particularly susceptible to significant fading events with variations in the received signal power from the unperturbed state as great as 44.1 dB observed to occur. For all of the journey stages, irrespective of the relative orientation of the persons, the logarithmically transformed long-term fading process was found to be multimodal and well described by a Gaussian mixture model. During the transitioning phase, shadowing caused by the passing automobile obstructing the line-of-sight signal path was found to be the main contributor to the signal fading. However, probably the most remarkable result of the channel characterization work conducted in this paper was the severity of the short-term fading often observed. Such was the intensity of the measured envelope fluctuation in many of the scenarios, we have been able to utilize the recently proposed $\kappa -\mu $ extreme distribution with great success and in the process, provide a further important empirical validation of this new fading model. Moreover, we have used the resistor-average distance, which is derived from the Kullback–Leibler distance to show the improved fit that the $\kappa -\mu $ extreme distribution offers compared with the $\kappa -\mu $ distribution when used to model the W2W channel in this fading environment.

Suicide patterns on the London Underground railway system, 2000-2010.

Aims and Method Suicidal acts on underground railway networks are an area of public health concern. Our aim was to review recent epidemiological patterns of suicidal acts on the London Underground to inform future preventive interventions. Data from 2000 to 2010 were obtained from the British Transport Police via a Freedom of Information request.Results The mean annual rate of suicidal acts from 2000 to 2010 was 5.8 per 100 million passenger journey stages. Of those who died by suicide, 77.3% were of White Northern European ethnicity. A fifth had a history of mental illness.Clinical implications The widening gap between the number of recorded suicide attempts and completed suicides is encouraging. Further research is required regarding the role of drug and alcohol use, psychiatric history and area of residence. Installation of platform screen doors should be considered in future railway network expansion.

Population levels of, and inequalities in, active travel: A national, cross-sectional study of adults in Scotland.

This study aimed to describe active travel (walking or cycling) in Scotland and explore potential demographic, geographic, and socio-economic inequalities in active travel. We extracted data for the period 2012–13 (39,585 journey stages) from the Scottish Household Survey. Survey travel diaries recorded all journeys made on the previous day by sampled individuals aged 16 + living within Scotland, and the stages within each journey. Descriptive statistics were calculated for journey stages, mode, purpose and distance. Logistic regression models were fitted to examine the relationship between the likelihood of a journey stage being active, age, sex, area deprivation and urban/rural classification. A quarter of all journey stages were walked or cycled (26%, n: 10,280/39,585); 96% of these were walked. Those living in the least deprived areas travelled a greater average distance per active journey stage than those in the most deprived. The likelihood of an active journey stage was higher for those living in the most deprived areas than for those in the least deprived (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.21, 95% CI 1.04–1.41) and for those in younger compared to older age groups (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.34–0.58). In conclusion, socio-economic inequalities in active travel were identified, but – contrary to the trends for many health-beneficial behaviours – with a greater likelihood of active travel in more deprived areas. This indicates a potential contribution to protecting and improving health for those whose health status tends to be worse. Walking was the most common mode of active travel, and should be promoted as much as cycling.