Role Of Journalism Research Articles

The Monitorial Role of Crowdsourced Journalism: Audience Engagement in Corruption Reporting in Nonprofit Newsrooms

ABSTRACT Nonprofit digital new organizations, which are proliferating all over the world, are praised for their innovations in audience-focused interventions in journalism. Drawing on direct observation and in-depth interviews, this case study explores audience engagement practices within nonprofit newsrooms in South-East Europe, in order to elaborate on the impact of professional norms on such engagement in a complex media and political environment. This analysis explains how two nonprofit organizations in Kosovo have reinvented engagement by adopting a digital crowdsourcing platform that facilitates bottom-up storytelling and a public service model that transcends traditional journalistic roles. Unlike previous engagement models observed in societies with traditional professional culture, this study reflects how nonprofits with flexible professional boundaries find ways to expand engagement by also practicing advocacy and accountability.

The Role of Islamic Journalists in Coinsuring the Community towards the Provision of Hajj in 2021 in Covid-19 Pandemic Situation

This paper reviews the role of Islamic journalism in convincing the public to announce the 2021 Hajj in the midst of Covid-19, which is currently confusing the public. With the aim that the public can understand what is happening in the midst of the current Covid-19 polemic. The methodology used is literature study, because the source of the research is written data that is relevant to the topic to be discussed. This paper is a descriptive analysis that aims to describe, inventory, and analyze the actual conditions regarding the role of Islamic journalism in convincing the public to report the Hajj in 2021 in a systematic, factual and accurate manner. With the results of the discussion that journalism is not only recording, conveying and disseminating information, but journalism also has an important role to the community in reporting. The role of Islamic journalism in convincing the public to report the Hajj in 2021 amid Covid-19, Islamic journalism is known as an educator (muaddib), information straightener (musaddid), reformer (mujaddid), unifier (muwahid), and warrior (mujahid). To carry out this role, Islamic journalism has the characteristic that every information in a news report must be owned by the Prophet such as shidiq (truth), amanah (trusted), tabligh (deliver), and fathonah (intelligent).

How Chilean Journalists Use Social Media: Digital Transformation and New Forms of Visibility and Identity Creation

Based on the content analysis of 1,400 Twitter and Instagram accounts, this study identified the social media profiles of 792 Chilean journalists from national media outlets to describe their visibility and activity levels and how they construct their identities. Our results show that although Chilean journalists have a solid digital presence, they use social media platforms differently, deploying various identity creation strategies and new journalistic roles. Our findings also address the media outlets’ influence on Chilean journalists’ profiles, level of use, and the identities emerging from their social media accounts.

The Role of Journalists in Socializing Money Waqf

This study aims to determine the role of journalists in socializing money waqf. This study use qualitative research. The role of journalism is a certain set of behaviors caused by a journalist (journalist) who collects, manages, writes, edits data, so as to produce information or news, whose information is about daily events, periodically using existing mass media facilities. In role theory explains that the role is a point of view insociologyandsocial psychology which assumes that most daily activities are carried out by socially defined categories. Journalism plays an important role in disseminating messages or news to the public with the aim of disseminating something that is considered important to the community. The role of journalism in disseminating cash waqf to the public is as follows:agents of reform, social control tools, public educators, information providers, broadening horizons of thought, focusing attention, fostering aspirations, creating a constructive atmosphere, acting as a bridge, being able to recognize social norms, being able to cultivate tastes andable to change a weak attitude into a stronger attitude.

Novel interfaces in science communication: Comparing journalistic and social media uptake of articles published by The Conversation Africa.

Science amplifier platforms such as The Conversation have gained popularity in a changing media ecosystem in which the traditional roles of journalists are eroded, and scientists are urged to engage with society. The Conversation constitutes a blend of scientific communication, public science communication and science journalism, and a convergence of the professional worlds of science and journalism. In this study, we investigated the nature and impact of the Africa-focussed edition of this platform, The Conversation Africa. We analysed articles published over a 5-year period since its launch in 2015 (N = 5392). Contents from South Africa dominate the platform, but contributions from other African countries are increasing. Regarding the role of The Conversation Africa as an inter-media agenda setter, mainstream media more often republished stories related to politics or economics, while stories about social issues such as education, conservation and art were more often shared on social media.

Journalistic Values in Modern Democracy: Balancing Power Between Constitutionalism and Populism

In modern representative democracy, political legitimacy is based on potentially conflicting principles: (1) the “popular sovereignty” principle, stating that the republic must be based on “the opinion of the people,” and (2) the “rule of law” principle which suggests that constitutional values of the republic must be protected from “irregular interpositions of the people.” As a parallel institution supporting the democratic republic (e.g., the press as the “Fourth Branch”), the role of journalists has continuously changed, and the journalistic institution has been balancing those two potentially conflicting principles. This study examines the current status of journalistic values as part of modern democracy. Traditionally accepted news used to balance the conflict between constitutionalism and populism by distancing journalists from both the existing elites and the mass. However, due to the recent transformation of the media landscape and the uprising of people’s anti-establishment feelings, news audience has struggled to relate their everyday lives to the mainstream journalism institutions. As a key alternative journalistic value of the traditional journalistic standard, the “news objectivity,” this study suggests “social empathy” as a solution of the modern political conundrum between two potentially conflicting principles that most representative democracies face.

KONSEP IDEALISME WARTAWAN DALAM INDEPENDENSI MEDIA MASSA

Journalists are members of the press who play an important role in the delivery of information to the public. The important role of journalists will of course be greatly influenced by their idealistic attitudes to maintain a mindset that they think is right about the media work they do. The purpose of this study was to determine the concept of journalist idealism in the context of mass media independence. This study uses a qualitative method with a methodological approach and study approach. The informants in this study were journalists and informants related to the mass media. The results showed that technological developments and changing political conditions had a new influence on the social life of journalists themselves, especially in promoting a strong attitude of professionalism. The determination of principles by prioritizing journalistic ethics and unchanging idealism presents challenges for journalists. The mass media that moves by prioritizing the market mechanism or media capitalism will give a negative stigma to the journey of the mass media. Therefore, the mass media and journalists must be able to control themselves and the institutions so that they can run a press institution without any element of interest from certain parties.

After the revolution: Tunisian journalism students and a news media in transition

A decade after the Jasmine Revolution ushered in the Arab Spring, Tunisia remains a bright spot for democratic reform and press freedom in the Middle East and North Africa. However, this transition is still tentative, and the reforms remain fragile. This study examines Tunisian journalism students ( N = 193) to understand their motivations for earning a degree in the field and how they conceptualize journalism’s role in society. By studying Tunisian journalism students’ motivations for entering this transforming field, and how those students perceive their pre-professional roles, we may gain a glimpse into how they are internalizing the lessons of the revolution. The results of this survey showed that students emphasized social responsibility motivations for studying journalism. Participants most strongly valued the role of journalists in promoting tolerance and cultural diversity, educating the audience, letting people express their views, reporting things as they are, and supporting national development. These results suggest that Tunisian students view their work as assuming monitorial and interventionist roles.

Promoting Newsafety from the Exile: The Emergence of New Journalistic Roles in Diaspora Journalists’ Networks

ABSTRACT Diaspora journalists and digital media play an important role as stakeholders for war-ridden homeland media landscapes such as Syria. This study analyzes, from a safety in practice perspective, the physical and digital threats that challenge the work of Syrian citizen journalists examining the role of three online advocacy networks created by Syrian diaspora journalists to promote newsafety. Through a metajournalistic discourse analysis of the networks’ published visions and missions, and 12 in-depth interviews with the founders and other selected members of the networks, the paper investigates how journalists working for these networks perceive threats, what counterstrategies they adopt, and how they understand the changing nature of their roles. Findings demonstrate that diaspora journalists perceived physical and digital threats as inescapable, following them across borders. Counterstrategies are implemented through collaborations with civil society actors and human rights organizations, aiming to offer professional safety training programs and emergency rescue for journalists under attack, but also through the release of safety guides or codes of conduct. Grounded on the findings, we propose four novel journalistic roles for promoting newsafety from exile: sousveillance, defender, trainer, and regulator/policy developer. While the networks follow some traditional journalistic ideologies, they also show a hybrid conceptualization of journalism.

기자들의 온라인 서비스 목적별 이용도 분석: 취재보도 원칙의 중요도 인식 및 디지털 기술의 인지된 유용성이 미치는 영향

본 연구의 목적은 국내 기자들의 온라인 서비스 활용 목적과 이용도를 분석하고, 목적별 이용도에 영향을 미치는 요인들로서 취재보도 원칙의 중요도에 대한 인식 및 디지털 기술의 인지된 유용성의 효과를 분석하는 것이다. 이를 위해 한국언론진흥재단의 〈2019 언론인 조사〉에 참여한 언론인 중 현재 기사 작성 및 보도 업무를 담당하고 있다고 응답한 기자들(N=1,591, 81.3%)을 대상으로 응답 결과를 분석하였다. 연구 결과, 국내 기자들의 온라인 서비스 이용도는 전반적으로 높았으며, 이용률은 검색 서비스, 메신저 서비스, SNS, 온라인 커뮤니티⋅카페 순이었다. 온라인 서비스 이용의 가장 주된 목적은 정보 수집을 위해서였고, 이외에도 독자와의 소통, 제보 경로, 취재원 관리, 기사 확산을 위한 목적으로 특정 온라인 서비스를 선택해서 더 중점적으로 활용하였다. 기자의 취재보도 원칙에 대한 인식이 온라인 서비스 이용도에 미치는 영향은 서비스 이용 목적별로 다른 양상을 보였다. 주목할 만한 결과로, 보도의 정확성과 심층성을 중요하게 인식하는 경향은 디지털 기술의 인지된 유용성에 의해 매개되어 다양한 목적별 온라인 서비스 이용도를 높인 반면, 신속성과 흥미성을 중시하는 경향은 기사 확산을 위한 온라인 서비스 이용도에 정적인 직접효과를 미쳤다. 본 연구는 국내 디지털 뉴스 생태계의 실태에 대한 경험자료를 제공하고 향후 언론계의 발전 방향성에 유용한 실천적 함의를 제시할 것으로 기대된다.

Digital populism, digital newswork and the concept of journalistic competence: the Philippine condition

The new environment for Filipino journalists is a difficult terrain to navigate: Professionals struggle to establish themselves as a source of information in the time of technological disruptions, digital populism, tighter market competition, labour precarities and the political pressures of an increasingly authoritarian regime. This provided the context for the subsequent discussion on journalistic competence: What competencies are most important for Filipino journalists given this status quo? More importantly, how should the concept of journalistic competence be viewed, conceptualised or interrogated given the current conditions that affect or threaten journalistic practice? The discussion on competencies was anchored on extant research, a survey with Filipino journalists and data from in-depth interviews with selected experts worldwide. The prominent elements of journalistic competence in the Philippines were identified and discussed vis-à-vis factors and conditions that influence journalism competence such as journalistic roles, media systems, popular attitudes towards news and educational infrastructure.

Investigative Journalists’ Role as Ombudsmen in Electoral Process in Nigeria: An Appraisal

This paper examines the role of investigative journalists as ombudsmen in electoral process in Nigeria. Specifically, the study interrogates the extent to which investigative journalism expose electoral ills in Nigeria; examines strategies used by investigative journalists in electoral reportage in the country and evaluates the challenges faced by investigative journalists in the course of their assignments. The study which is built on mediatization theory employs documentation as a research design. Findings among other things reveal that there is low level of exposure of electoral ills by investigative journalists in Nigeria and that investigative journalists are faced with multi-dimensional challenges in the course of their assignments. The study recommends an increase in the tempo and tenacity in the reportage by investigative journalists on election process in Nigeria, a retooling and re-engineering of the investigative strategies among other things to effectively check politicians and political institutions in the country

Use of persuasion and newspapers’ representations of conflicts

Persuasion in media discourses produces certain meanings and mobilizes public attitudes in a set direction. Logical appeals, for instance, are created to gather public support for a particular viewpoint, which propagates a specific cause. This paper critically investigates the newspaper’s use of persuasion strategies employed by editorial writers to represent the 2011 Arab Spring conflict. The data consist of 20 newspaper editorials published in the Arab News (AN) belonging the Arab region yet presumed as a newspaper’s voice from a non-Arab spring country. The purpose is to probe journalistic roles and discursive positions taken in representing the conflict. Content analysis technique is used to examine the selected editorials. Findings reveal that the newspaper (AN) constructed the events persuasively and portrayed different aspects of the uprising. This study points out that editorial writers relied on several logical appeals to, almost, set a pro-Arab Spring stage. In addition, it has been noticed that the AN adopted a more compassionate attitude towards protesters’ losses, and their ambitions for bringing a ‘change’ were justified, generally, than the ruling authorities. Overall, the findings reaffirm media’s contribution to represent conflicts in different societies under social, cultural, political, and national parameters by using certain tools of persuasion.This study recommends that future research should draw a comparison between news reports and editorial opinions, and investigate post-Arab Spring situations.

Beyond the Family Resemblance: Mapping the Normative Roles of Journalists Across Europe in the Early 2010s

This article describes and discusses how normative journalistic roles are formulated across Europe. The material was obtained from the 2012–2016 wave of the Worlds of Journalism Study, a comparative study designed to assess the state of journalism throughout the world. The advantage of this study over similar undertakings in the past is that we did not confront journalists with ready-made statements but invited them to tell us, in their own words, what they thought the major roles of journalists in their countries ought to be. Open responses of more than 10,200 journalists from twenty-seven European countries yielded 12,860 references. Results show that the most important roles refer to the domain of political life, especially the informational-instructive and the critical-monitorial functions—a finding that is consistent across the twenty-seven countries investigated. Beyond this shared global vision, it is, however, possible to point out some national specificities, keeping in mind that even if the core of the normative roles remains somewhat universal, a detailed comparison of those roles in their cultural context allows us to grasp some differences in their hierarchy and their meaning.

Covering sustainable finance: Role perceptions, journalistic practices and moral dilemmas

Sustainable Finance (SF) has been identified as one of the biggest trends in the financial industry in the past years. By channeling capital into sustainable investments, it is hoped that finance can accelerate the transition towards a greener and more sustainable future. However, given that the discussion about SF lacks consistency and a common understanding of SF, the role of financial journalists in reporting about this trend and in enacting their role as watchdogs becomes of paramount interest. To do so, 33 semi-structured interviews with journalists who have covered SF in six countries (AT, BE, CH, DE, NL, UK) were conducted to find out about journalistic role perceptions and daily journalistic practices (such as sources, style of writing and role of the audience). Findings show that journalists mainly enact the role of a chronicler, informant and educator when writing about SF, but fail to fulfil an active watchdog role. Furthermore, the coverage of SF is predominately event-driven, directed at a financial elite, and has become highly professionalized at financial news outlets. Given the urgency of the climate crisis, journalists reported that they found themselves in a moral dilemma between enacting their professional role as a journalist on the one hand and providing a platform for unsubstantiated claims about SF (greenwashing) made by the industry, on the other hand.

What cancer research makes the news? A quantitative analysis of online news stories that mention cancer studies.

Journalists' health and science reporting aid the public's direct access to research through the inclusion of hyperlinks leading to original studies in peer-reviewed journals. While this effort supports the US-government mandate that research be made widely available, little is known about what research journalists share with the public. This cross-sectional exploratory study characterises US-government-funded research on cancer that appeared most frequently in news coverage and how that coverage varied by cancer type, disease incidence and mortality rates. The subject of analysis was 11436 research articles (published in 2016) on cancer funded by the US government and 642 news stories mentioning at least one of these articles. Based on Altmetric data, researchers identified articles via PubMed and characterised each based on the news media attention received online. Only 1.88% (n = 213) of research articles mentioning US government-funded cancer research included at least one mention in an online news publication. This is in contrast to previous research that found 16.8% (n = 1925) of articles received mention by online mass media publications. Of the 13 most common cancers in the US, 12 were the subject of at least one news mention; only urinary and bladder cancer received no mention. Traditional news sources included significantly more mentions of research on common cancers than digital native news sources. However, a general discrepancy exists between cancers prominent in news sources and those with the highest mortality rate. For instance, lung cancer accounted for the most deaths annually, while melanoma led to 56% less annual deaths; however, journalists cited research regarding these cancers nearly equally. Additionally, breast cancer received the greatest coverage per estimated annual death, while pancreatic cancer received the least coverage per death. Findings demonstrated a continued misalignment between prevalent cancers and cancers mentioned in online news media. Additionally, cancer control and prevention received less coverage from journalists than other cancer continuum stages, highlighting a continued underrepresentation of prevention-focused research. Results revealed a need for further scholarship regarding the role of journalists in research dissemination.

The Community Caretaker Role: How Weekly Newspapers Shielded Their Communities While Covering the Mississippi ICE Raids

ABSTRACT This research puts forward the conceptual journalistic role of “community caretaker.” A qualitative textual analysis, based on coverage of the largest single-state immigration enforcement sweep in United States history, finds weekly newspapers exhibited this community caretaker role by shielding the region's reputation and protecting local officials, local businesses at the heart of the raids and many local residents. The textual analysis compares the coverage of the 2019 Central Mississippi raids in three national/international news organizations and three weekly newspapers in the rural region. The analysis offers a rare scholarly spotlight on weekly newspapers, using the larger news organizations to identify highlights and absences in the weekly coverage. This research critiques the weekly newspapers, which effectively drew a line between who was considered, and not considered, members of their communities.

The potential of investigative data journalism to reshape professional culture and values. A study of bellwether transnational projects

This article offers a specialized view of investigative data journalism based on a study of recent initiatives that resulted from transnational cooperation involving different journalistic agents and institutions. The initiatives in question are The Migrant Files (2014), NarcoData (2015), Medicamentalia (2015-2018), Panama Papers (2016), Football Leaks (2016) and Investiga Lava Jato (2017). These products are analysed according to the main approach used in research in this field, which focuses on their content and characteristics as well as on the professional implications and difficulties involved. The conclusions suggest that the complexity and effort required for this type of product can be worthwhile in order to recover the principles of journalism and to renew and enrich the role of journalists, based on their collaboration with other professionals.

‘It’s OK to feel’: The emotionality norm and its evolution in U.S. print journalism

Between the 1960s and the 1990s journalists in U.S. newspapers created, constructed, and advanced emotionality as a new occupational norm in American print journalism, challenging some aspects of the dominant objectivity norm while simultaneously affirming its overall relevance. This historical study delineates how the emotionality norm emerged as a constitutive element of narrative journalism during this time period. Drawing from archival research, in-depth interviews, and textual analysis of trade publications, this study analyzes how narrative journalists developed moral ideals, practices, and justifications for advancing narrative journalism as an acceptable and desirable mode of emotional storytelling. As the emotionality norm affected journalistic roles, expanded the repertoire of journalistic forms, and transformed the emotive posture of newspapers, it contributed in nuanced and deliberate ways to the interpretive turn in U.S. journalism.

‘Forced to report’: Affective proximity and the perils of local reporting on Syria

Based on interviews with Syrian media practitioners, this article uses the notion of affective proximity to make sense of local media practitioners’ reporting and witnessing of suffering in their country and community. I argue that the life-risking, and sometimes deadly, media practices of local reporters and witnesses, as well as their emotional labour, often do not feature in understandings of journalism when it is conceived as a purely professional discursive pursuit. I explain affective proximity in terms of an imagined space (or the lack thereof) between a media practitioner, on the one hand, and the event they are representing and participating in, on the other. In relation to Syria, I use it to analyse the word ‘revolution’ and what it mediates, the shifting boundaries between activism and journalism, and experiences of, and in, violence. I make the case that the study of affect and emotion in global news should be contextualized within the unequal power relations that give shape to journalistic roles and modes of representaiton.