Journalism Media Research Articles

Ethical Issues in New Media Journalism: The Example of TRNC Political News

This study purposes to identify ethical violations and to offer solutions to prevent ethical violations on political news in the future on digital newspapers. In this context, the press scanning technique, one of the qualitative research methods, was preferred. Four digital newspapers operating in the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) such as Kıbrıs Postası, Gıynık Gazetesi, Hakikat Gazetesi, and Özgür Gazete were included in the sample. Of the 4009 news published in the relevant newspapers between December 22, 2021, and January 22, 2022, 895 of the 1296 political news about the 2022 TRNC Parliamentary Early General Election, those that violated the principles of journalism were analyzed by content analysis. The findings of this study show ethical violations in the relevant categories: personal rights, public order, the reputation and privacy of the state, and moral values. Most of the ethical violations detected related to personal rights. In addition to qualitative analysis, quantitative statistical data were included, and the findings were supported. In this context, ethical violations were detected in 10% of the news reviewed. As a result, to solve the unethical digital journalism problem (to reduce the rate that cannot be underestimated and/or prevent the ethical violations in future), it is recommended to increase the frequency of vocational training activities for members of the press, to make legal regulations and to increase the controls and sanctions for digital broadcasting. This study contributes to the literature and practice in terms of communication and journalism ethics. Since the study focuses on the recent period, it offers novelty and originality in the context of including the current and specifically the analyses of the news. Keywords: political news, new media, restrictions on freedom of expression, ethical violations, TRNC. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55463/hkjss.issn.1021-3619.60.2

Заманауи журналистиканың жаңа үрдістері

Since the creation of new media, this industry has not lost its relevance, but, on the contrary, is in demand as an object of research. The reason for this is that, along with its own functions of the media, it makes a significant contribution to the development of the world of spirituality. The new trend creates interactivity, flexibility, speed, fragmentation of the audience and convergence of many environments within it. Virtual movement through social and intellectual spaces, the emergence of cybernetic culture, and the infinity of knowledge creation and dissemination have increased. It can be a means of personal and mass communication. The subject of this article is the study of the links between online journalism and new media journalism, the influence of a dynamic environment on traditional journalism and the process of creating new signs of the profession. The phenomenon of objectivity associated with this type of journalism is discussed. New trends in modern journalism will be studied in detail using methods of comprehensive analysis, differentiation and new methods of modern journalism that control the flow of information in the era of the global era will be considered. In addition, when studying the trends of modern journalism, the focus is on business strategies, the creation of new business models, marketing and branding strategies. For example, although debates in Japan are an “internal conversation” in the media industry, there are many interesting surveys and studies on the connection between the Internet, journalism and democratic society in Western countries. For example, the Pew Research Center, a nonprofit social research organization in the United States, has been studying the impact of the Internet on journalism and society for more than 10 years. As a result, a large amount of data was collected at the Pew Internet & American Life Project research centers, and extensive discussions and research unfolded using them.

Nationalism, Purity, and Danger: “Cross-Border Intimacy” in Russian Digital Media

The article explores narratives of the “cross-border intimacy” in Russian-language digital media. The text arrays generated by migrants, representatives of the host community, and professional journalists in digital media are analyzed. We identified and compared the meanings that are given to marriages between migrants and “locals”. Texts were selected from 10 of the most quoted Russian Internet media, city public sites of the largest Russian social network Vkontakte, Internet forums on combinations of the keywords “migrant”, “marriage”, “married”, and “married”, as well as ethno-chronyms, that is, immigrants from the main donor countries to the Russian Federation. Qualitative content analysis has become a research tool. It has been established that migrants and representatives of the host community are equally involved in the production of values of cross-border proximity whose position is broadcast by professional media, especially the Russian bureaucracy. All three groups of the senders of statements on social networks discussing cross-border proximity reproduce the rhetoric of “purity” and “danger” in different forms. This rhetoric is similar to the description of objects that fall out of conventional social categories presented in the works of M. Douglas. In digital media, cross-border intimacy is seen as an existential threat to the integrity of an imaginary community, often metaphorically referred to as a female body. Physical contact with a “stranger”, such as “our” woman with a “stranger” man, is first of all considered as a contagious rite, a result of which the “dirt” peculiar to the “stranger” is transmitted to the imaginary community as a whole. People who broadcast this narrative make claims to the role of “defenders” of an imaginary community from “unconventional” contacts between “their own” and “strangers”. The narrative of “protection from dirt” is used as a way to legitimize their own power by men, bureaucrats, and parents. We found a watershed between the professional and social media. This watershed lies in the fact that the narrative about the need to keep the “purity” of an imaginary community is constantly challenged in social media, unlike professional ones. Love and freedom of individual choice are placed above the inviolability of the boundaries of imaginary communities, thus legitimizing cross-border closeness. The analysis of the material allowed us to put the hypothesis forward that social media contributes to the destruction and delegitimization of the nationalist narrative dominating in professional media. This is primarily used by social groups, in respect of which the power legitimized by the narrative of “purity” is applied; such groups are formed primarily by women, as well as representatives of the “second generation” of migrants.

Факторы стресса в работе журналиста региональных СМИ (на материале Пензенской и Ростовской областей)

The relevance of research is due to the need to study the characteristics of professional stress of mass media workers in 2022 in connection with work in a tense geopolitical situation. The purpose is to identify the key stress factors for the regional mass media journalists (on the basis of the Penza and Rostov regions). The leading method is the anonymous survey “Stress in the profession of a journalist”. It turned out that journalists, on average, assess the level of stress in their profession at 6.75 points out of 10, the journalists (91 % of surveyed), regardless of age, rate the workload as high or very high. The topics that cause the most stress for journalists are the special military operation in Ukraine, politics, crime and accidents, social aspects – tragedies: conversations with the families of the dead and injured (especially children), IDPs, as well as housing and communal services, health. The process of working in the mass media also seems stressful due to multitasking and tight deadlines for submission of materials, emotionally difficult communication with the heroes of complex topics. The organization of work in the editorial office in some cases also becomes a stress factor for journalists: 15 % of respondents noted that relations in the team in 2022 became more tense and called management in their editorial office ineffective. The current situation dictates the need for a comprehensive study on the problem of journalistic stress, including in the regional aspect, so in the future you can study the recommendations of psychologists, which are regularly given in professional media (“Journalist” magazine and on the portal “Sdelano.Media”). The results of research are used in the classes on the psychology of mass communications (media psychology) for students-journalists (bachelor’s degree).

The presumption of innocence: Interpretation and application in online journalism

Implementation of the Presumption of Innocence by journalists has implications for the occurrence of trial by the press and potentially impacts social disharmony. This study aims to explain the interpretation of the presumption of innocence in journalism, and the understanding and application of the presumption of innocence by online media journalists. This research uses qualitative methods by utilizing two data collection techniques. Firstly, documentation that collects some related research about the Journalistic Codes of Ethics of the Press Council, PWI and AJI. Secondly, in-depth interviews with four online media journalists. The result shows that the literal interpretation of the presumption of innocence is a principle not to judge someone even though it is side by side with the principle of objectivity, covering both sides, mention of identity, and legal grammar. Online media journalists have a collective understanding of the presumption of innocence. However, the journalists have an authentic understanding that causes the different implementation of the presumption of innocence. Moreover, demands for faster news production, media agency policies, and personal interest from journalists also impact partial implementation. This research contributes by forming a model for applying the presumption of innocence for online media journalists to avoid trial by the press.

The end of print media?

The existence of print mass media keeps the quality of journalism. In this case, journalism is not just pursuing new/actual news but presenting deep information that can be accounted for intelligently. The moral responsibility of the print mass media in this context makes the nation enlightened. Society is not easily dragged into the fast-paced news, instant information, and first-to-appear information hunting. Print media journalism presents meaningful journalism.

Perverts or Heroes in the Post‐Socialist “Cold War”: Formula Stories of Lesbian/Bisexual/Queer Women and Transgender People in Ukrainian Media

Subjectivities such as (what would be termed in English) lesbians, bisexual, and queer (LBQ) women and transgender people are contested topics in Ukraine. Linking Laclau and Mouffe's discourse analysis with Loseke's narrative approach, we reviewed eight national, text‐based, journalistic media sources to read equivalence chains within the data as publicly available formula stories about LGBTQ+ people. Formula stories are not about actual people or typically told by LBQ women and transgender people themselves, but rather exist as publicly circulating stories for consumption by non‐LGBTQ+ people. Our findings shore up previous evidence that homophobia and transphobia (including criminalization and pathologization) are commonly articulated in media outlets in Ukraine. Importantly, media outlets owned by Russia and the United States and stories about events outside of Ukraine contribute most to the formula stories circulating in Ukraine, demonstrating the continuing position of Ukraine as a fulcrum of geopolitical contestations in the post‐socialist “cold war.” Analyzing sexual politics through formula stories illuminates ongoing transnational connections of imperialism and Europeanization to racialization, colonialism, and contestations of power. A video abstract is available at https://youtu.be/v3dCj0yYm_g.

The innovator's media dilemma: How journalists cover incumbents' adoption of discontinuous technologies

AbstractWe offer a new vantage to the literature on the role of infomediaries in incumbent firms' struggles to adopt discontinuous technologies: the perspective of news media. Specifically, we combine the discontinuous technology literature with studies on news media journalism to theorize that journalists cover an incumbent's new product introductions differently, depending on whether a given new product builds on a discontinuous technology or on the respective established, continuous technology. First, discontinuous‐technology‐based product introductions receive a greater volume of coverage than continuous‐technology‐based product introductions because journalists prefer covering issues that are novel, deviate from the conventional, and potentially strongly impact society. Second, the coverage of discontinuous‐technology‐based product introductions is more divergent in tenor than the coverage of continuous‐technology‐based product introductions, as journalists seek to present opposing and thus more engaging opinions. Our analyses of unique archival data from two samples of product introductions in the automotive and photography industries, respectively, support our hypotheses. We also find intriguing indications that news media coverage of new products introductions using hybrid technologies is significantly context‐dependent. Overall, our study points to so‐far undescribed, media‐related dilemmas for incumbent firms that aim to adopt discontinuous technologies.

The Role of Female Journalists in the Kurdish media – the Historical Research about the Journalist’s Female of Erbil

The Role of Female Journalists in the Kurdish media – the Historical Research about the Journalist’s Female of Erbil

Алгоритм фактчекинга в работе региональных сетевых СМИ

The article raises the problem of fake news verification in mass media. Regional media are particularly notorious for poor fact-checking because their reporters often prefer promptness to quality. The analysis involved random news published on the local Kuzbass news platforms. The authors developed their own unified fact-checking algorithm that can facilitate the work of online media journalists. It works as a multicomponent verification method. The procedure includes checking proper names, information sources, quotations, details, and visual elements.

From private phones to public screens: Cross-media recontextualization of chat discourse in the case of the Austrian ÖVP corruption affair

The profound establishment of text-based interaction via mobile messenger services has not only changed interpersonal communication, but also reshaped its quotability. Drawing on the notion of recontextualization, this paper investigates the cross-media transfer-and-transformation of text messages from their former confidential contexts into public media environments. The data are drawn from the media discourse on the corruption affair of the Austrian People's Party (ÖVP), which was triggered by the publication of confidential chat messages in the fall of 2021. Comparing the presentation of text messages in the journalistic media with their intertextual antecedents (in investigative files and related documents), the analysis highlights several linguistic and visual transformations. The findings demonstrate how formerly private chat interactions have been represented in media discourse and reveal different multimodal forms of cross-media quotation, ranging from linguistic replay and visual restaging to elaborate forms in which text messaging is audio-visually re-enacted. These modes of cross-media recontextualization differ in the degree to which the mediality of the digital chat discourse is conveyed or imitated. Through this media linguistic lens, the study contributes to the theory of recontextualization and raises the question what concept of quotation and re-enactment is appropriate and linguistically due in the age of a deep digitalization of everyday communication.

COHESITY OF PRIVATE PRACTICES ON JOURNALISTIC MEDIA IN TANJUNG SELAMAT VILLAGE OFFICE

Abstract:
 Tanjung Selamat Village is one of the villages located in Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency. Good management of the use of mass media around the village has made this village a positive image from the community. All did not escape the good cooperation between public relations and the mass media. The purpose of this study was to determine the cohesion that was built between village public relations and the mass media. This research includes descriptive qualitative research with an observational approach to find out a complete picture of the cohesiveness of public relations to journalistic media. The subjects of this study amounted to 2 people including the village head of Tanjung Selamat and village public relations. The results of this study are village public relations have established harmonious communication with all mass media around the village in order to increase the effectiveness of the media on the good image of the village, this can be seen from the way the village office is very appreciative and open to the mass media who want to get information. On the other hand, there is great hope for every element of village institutions to continue to improve good communication with the mass media.
 
 Keywords: Cohesiveness of Public Relations, Journalistic Media

The Use of Online Social Media Platforms by Tanzania Journalists to Produce and Disseminate Development News

Advancement in Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are revolutionizing Development Journalism (DJ) into an effective strategy for building competitive economies globally. However, many countries in Africa including Tanzania are slow in tapping potentials of ICT for development journalism. Digital penetration in the form of the Internet and social media are changing the way in which journalists are mobilizing and engaging communities in journalism practises, a key strategy for a competitive digitalised economy. This paper was guided by Development Communication Theory and Diffusion of Innovation Theory to explore the use of online social media by journalists in Tanzania to practice development journalism. Combining quantitative and qualitative methods, this paper analyses risks and benefits of online social media platforms in contributing to national development goals. A total of 15 social media journalists and managers from Mwananchi Digital, Ayo TV and Azam TV gave their insights in this paper. Use of online social media platforms for development news is still in its infancy stage, key findings show that out of 270 (100%) studied news items, only 66 (24%) manifested development news practice. Non-development news accounted for 204 (76%) of news items analysed. There were only four (4) (27%) journalists who use social media as a source of information, and platform for disseminating development news in Ayo TV compared to 3 (20%) in Mwananchi Digital and 5 (33%) in Azam TV. Results call upon some intensive national efforts to empower journalists in the use of ICT and mobilize audience in the changing communication patterns.

Influence of social media in the Practice of Journalism in Bangladesh

In the rapidly changing global arena, technological advancement and the adaptation of changing patterns of technology the growing trend in all areas, including journalism. The increasing use of social media in journalism due to technological advancement has been remarkably noticeable worldwide, including in Bangladesh in recent years. With the delicate touch of social media, sourcing and disseminating information have been easier. Social media has been considered one of the blessings of journalism to disseminate and share news events and get immediate feedback from the audience. As Facebook is the most popular social media among journalists in Bangladesh, the study took Facebook as the central unit of the research. The research's main objective is to determine how journalists in Bangladesh use Facebook in their regular journalism practices. The study is a qualitative study based on quantitative data. In the regular journalism practice, the study inquiries different uses of Facebook by Journalists in Bangladesh based on survey data. It has been found that to disseminate reports published or broadcasted in different newspapers and TV channels; journalists mainly use the Facebook platform. The study revealed that the reports not published or broadcasted in mainstream media are getting space in social media. The study also discovered that to get immediate feedback from the audience, the journalists in Bangladesh considered Facebook one of the most powerful tools. Moreover, to develop sources and get clues for news, Facebook occasionally assists journalists significantly. Furthermore, a significant finding is that ethical practice is in danger when practicing journalism on Facebook. Based on the above findings, the study concluded that for journalists in Bangladesh, social media would be an effective alternative to sharing news and getting immediate feedback from the audience.

Worrying about Migrant Mothers in Finnish News Journalism

This article investigates the framing of migrant mothers and migrant families in family policy journalism over a 20-year period between 1998 and 2018 in Finland. Using computational word-based searches and qualitative methods, we explore the ways in which journalistic media in Finland took part in the production of societal worries and worrisome subjectivities about families, family policy and migration. Tracing the category of ‘migrant mothers’ in news journalism, we show how this category is used to mobilise gendered and racialised worries and worrisome subjectivities, and to validate and justify policy measures related to austerity and the welfare state. Further, we identify a shift in the Finnish news journalism concerning families and migration: from the discussion of integration and language learning as a personal goal for migrant mothers in the early 2000s to perceptions of employment in the 2010s. The societal worries attached to migration and families have thus shifted from the potential exclusion of migrant mothers from society in general to concern instead their absence from working life and by that their assumed unproductivity as current and future citizens.

PATTERNS OF ONLINE MEDIA COMMUNICATION IN NEWS COVERAGE ON OKEMEDAN.COM

The goal of this study is to describe the communication patterns of okemedan.com online media journalists when covering news, as well as the communication barriers they face when doing so. This research method employs qualitative research with a descriptive qualitative research approach, with primary data collected through observation instruments, interviews, field notes, and documents, and secondary data collected through graphic documents. Domain analysis is a data analysis technique. Triangulation is a technique for determining the validity of data. The study's findings show that (1) journalists use a two-way communication pattern during interviews with resource persons, then say hello to the resource person, and communicate politely and politely. Before the interview, introduce yourself and ask the interviewee ethical questions. (2) Communication barriers with resource persons include resource persons who are unwilling to be interviewed, resource persons who are closed, resource persons who are difficult to find and contact, and resource persons who do not understand the essence of questions posed by journalists.

Implementation of Journalistic Training at Extracurricular Broadcasting “Lensa Manduta” MAN 2 Tangerang

Writing is one of the journalistic skills that have a great influence on students so they are expected to disseminate information and even express feelings to the public through written language. Journalistic media for schools is a means of information about schools, education, entertainment, and persuasion. So, with journalism training, someone will be helped in honing creativity and talent. This study aims to observe the development of journalistic insights of students through journalistic training and provide solutions to the problem of lack of journalistic insights by motivating MAN 2 Tangerang students, especially members of the Broadcasting Extracurricular Lensa Manduta to be skilled in the field of writing. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques and observations that researchers use include observation by observing and recording activities carried out by the journalistic division of Lensa Manduta and interviews with the head of the journalistic division and the general chairman of Lensa Manduta. The results of this study are that the journalistic training was opened interactively, the members listened to the material presented, and were quite responsive in practice to the field. In addition, they are quite familiar with the terms in journalism, such as journals, and codes of ethics, as well as a very good understanding of news, it's just that they don't know the whole, such as the types of news consisting of hard news, soft news, and straight news.
 Keywords: Journalistic training, extracurricular, writing, Lensa Manduta MAN 2 Tangerang

Implementation of Journalistic Training at Extracurricular Broadcasting “Lensa Manduta” MAN 2 Tangerang

Writing is one of the journalistic skills that have a great influence on students so they are expected to disseminate information and even express feelings to the public through written language. Journalistic media for schools is a means of information about schools, education, entertainment, and persuasion. So, with journalism training, someone will be helped in honing creativity and talent. This study aims to observe the development of journalistic insights of students through journalistic training and provide solutions to the problem of lack of journalistic insights by motivating MAN 2 Tangerang students, especially members of the Broadcasting Extracurricular Lensa Manduta to be skilled in the field of writing. The method used in this research is the descriptive qualitative method. Data collection techniques and observations that researchers use include observation by observing and recording activities carried out by the journalistic division of Lensa Manduta and interviews with the head of the journalistic division and the general chairman of Lensa Manduta. The results of this study are that the journalistic training was opened interactively, the members listened to the material presented, and were quite responsive in practice to the field. In addition, they are quite familiar with the terms in journalism, such as journals, and codes of ethics, as well as a very good understanding of news, it's just that they don't know the whole, such as the types of news consisting of hard news, soft news, and straight news.
 Keywords: Journalistic training, extracurricular, writing, Lensa Manduta MAN 2 Tangerang

Analysis of Factors That Influencing Freelance Copy-Writers to Endure on Uncertainty Job and Career (Systematic Literature Review on Freelancer in Indonesia)

In my previous thesis research, the author used eight resource people from various workplaces to examine the phenomena of flexible working hours in the world of work for journalists under the title "Analysis of the Management of Flexible Working Hours of Online Media Journalists in Malang City." Flexible working hours have had both positive and negative effects on performance, workload, and self-efficacy, according to certain interviewee responses. The author's latest research, Freelancer, aims to outline some of the issues that have recently arisen as more and more people feel at ease working as freelancers across a range of professions. Submitted by katadata.co.id on May 6, 2022 According to the Indonesian Employers Association (Apindo), the COVID-19 epidemic has caused layoffs that have impacted 30% of the workforce. The number of people who lost their jobs across the country is almost thought to have reached 15 million. Even if the term "freelance" is not new, this freelancer is a short-term refuge for workers who are being laid off or are affected by layoffs and can exist by becoming independent contractors. The author's decision to address numerous issues and the reasons why some Freelancers are beginning to feel at ease working in accordance with goals and reducing their desire to sit in the office is due to the changes and interests of the workforce that have occurred widely in Indonesia.

Personalisation in Journalism: Ethical insights and blindspots in Finnish legacy media

The algorithmic personalisation and recommendation of media content has resulted in considerable discussion on related ethical, epistemic and societal concerns. While technologies of personalisation are widely employed by social media platforms, they are currently also being instituted in journalistic media. The objective of this study is to explore how concerns about algorithms are articulated and addressed when technologies of personalisation meet with long-standing journalistic values, norms and publicist missions. It first distinguishes five normative concerns related to personalisation: autonomy, opacity, privacy, selective exposure and discrimination. It then traces the ways that these issues are navigated in the context of journalistic media in Finland where the implications of algorithmic media technologies have received considerable attention. The results indicate that personalisation challenges traditional notions of journalism, including those of choosing what is important and relevant and providing the same content to everyone. However, aspects of personalisation also have a long history within journalistic practices, and new technologies of personalisation are being adapted to accord with journalistic norms and aims. Based on these results, ethical blindspots concerning privacy and discrimination are also identified.