Journalism Ethics Research Articles

Undue Burden the Medical School Application Process Places on Low-Income Latinos

Undue Burden the Medical School Application Process Places on Low-Income Latinos

The Effect of Digital Journalism Training on Media Sub Domain PR FM and PR MN on Cognitive Improvement of the Editorial Crew

Handling hoaxes is the responsibility of journalism, and Digital Journalism must act as a beacon of accurate information in society. Ethical and reliable journalism fosters a healthy cycle of information dissemination. The rapid and widespread accessibility of information on social media inundates the public with unverified content. Mainstream media outlets have adopted strategies to maintain speed while upholding the quality of their coverage. One effective approach employed by online media is the media incubator strategy, where subdomains are developed under the main domain to swiftly gather information from various regions, including PR FM and Minds of the People Media Networks (PRMN). Consequently, the Community Service Program (PKM) with a focus on editorial targets in media subdomains at PR FM and PRMN becomes vital. This initiative involved providing training by technology practitioners, press professionals, and academics from Fikom Unisba. The training emphasized online and digital journalism, with a strong emphasis on journalistic ethics in news and feature writing, as well as utilizing technology for news reporting. The results of this activity demonstrated a significant improvement in the cognitive insight of the journalists, as evident from the difference in pre-test and post-test scores conducted before and after the training.
 Keywords: digital journalism, subdomain media, journalists

Aestheticizing the Pain: A Critical Analysis of Media Representation of Earthquake Victim Children in Turkey

AbstractOn February 6, 2023, earthquakes with magnitudes of 7.7 and 7.6 struck southern and central Turkey. The disaster caused severe damage to buildings and resulted in the loss of thousands of lives, leaving many children injured, traumatized, and without basic needs. One of the most sensitive issues was the news stories about children rescued from the rubble. These news stories were highly emotional and sensational, frequently describing the children as miracles. However, they often disregarded the reasons and negligence that caused their victimization. The journalism ethics related to the representation of children, disaster coverage, and interviewing victims are also ignored. This study uses a multimodal critical discourse analysis method to explore the discursive strategies employed in the media coverage of this topic. Three salient common themes were included in the study: “Miracles and hope”, “patriarchal state”, and “sensational/dramatic elements. The analysis shows that media representations of earthquake victim children in Turkey aestheticize their pain and suffering, reducing them to objects of pity or spectacle. By examining these representations critically, the study aims to raise awareness about the importance of ethical and responsible media practices in reporting on natural disasters and other humanitarian crises.

Refreshed academic viewpoint on patient data ownership in digital health context

Abstract Background Digital health involves generating and communicating large sensitive patient data sets. There is significant potential in its applications, but also some impediments. Our previous study showed that ownership of patient data is a problem in digital health context, not fully understood and often neglected. However, in the last two years, increased attention to this issue is observed and we aim to find if the medical academic community changed its viewpoint on patient data ownership in the context of digital health. Methods Our previous study (2014-2020) identified 27 relevant to the problem articles. A comprehensive search of PubMed, ScienceDirect and Scopus, performed between January 2021 and April 2023, identified 21 appropriate full-text publications focused on patient data ownership (problem) in digital health (context). Research questions included scientific area of publication, perception and aspects of ownership, possible solutions. Results The publications are in medical and public health (43%), digital health and medical informatics (29%), technical (19%), law and ethics (9%) journals; 71% with impact factor; authored by 38% EU, 24% USA, 9% UK, 9% Brazilian academicians. The majority (86%) are in the area of medical research - access, control, patient data sharing and use, secondary and passive data use, registries, AI, wearables, sensors; ethical challenges to digital health; 90% still perceive ownership as a challenge, arising in relation to medical research and data generated from the IoT, wearables, sensors, apps and social media. All publications discuss ownership in ethical and legal aspects and find the solution in proper legislation. Conclusions Digital health with its huge amounts of generated data brings forward the overlooked issue of patient data ownership as a challenge to medical research. Academic attention is rising, and addressing this challenge requires the combined efforts of all stakeholders for suitable amendments in the legislation. Key messages • Ownership of patient data in the context of digital health is a problem, especially for medical research, that should not be neglected and needs a comprehensive attitude from all stakeholders. • Proper legislation concerning patient data ownership may help in improving international academic medical and public health research, healthcare services, and the health of the population as a whole.

Differences between News Ethics and Public Ethics in Public Crisis Communication A Case Study of the 'Hebei Typhoon' Public Opinion Incident

In recent years, the gradual increase in public emergencies has had a significant impact on society. Against this backdrop, news media, as the "fourth estate" and disseminators of information, play a crucial role in public life. However, the question of how to adhere to journalistic ethics in reporting while also reflecting public ethics in dissemination remains unresolved. On one hand, news media are required to adhere to professional ethical norms in their reporting, including principles such as truthfulness, objectivity, and non-misleading practices. On the other hand, public ethics emphasize that media should prioritize social responsibility and public moral consciousness in their communication efforts, with the goal of safeguarding the interests of the public. Therefore, in the context of public crisis communication, news media must comprehensively consider the factors of journalistic ethics and public ethics. They must ensure the preservation of news value and the portrayal of factual truths while also paying attention to guiding public emotions and fostering positive impacts on society.

‘It’s time to start listening’: Reporting on disability in practice-based journalism education

An increased focus on audience engagement in newsrooms means that journalists are expected to have an understanding of appropriate contemporary reporting practices, more so by marginalized communities. Work-integrated learning (WIL) is a widespread pedagogical approach within journalism education. This article discusses the development of ‘Purpose WIL’: a service learning approach to WIL in journalism education that encourages student journalists to engage with social issues in an ethical, responsible way while still gaining the practical experience necessary for employment. An Australian case study of Purpose WIL, ‘Project Open Doors’ focused on addressing the ways people with disability are represented and treated by the media. Students worked closely with people with lived experience, community and industry partners to produce a significant body of appropriate reporting and ethical journalism about issues important to people with disability, as well as providing a community and media resource. All stakeholders reported positive outcomes, with students appreciating the opportunity to learn more about community engagement and how to work with vulnerable groups and industry partners benefitting from collaboration with the university and the resources produced. Purpose WIL represents a scalable, replicable model of journalism education that teaches students are able to engage responsibly with all members of their audiences.

ЭТНИЧНОСТЬ И МЕЖКУЛЬТУРНАЯ КОММУНИКАЦИЯ В СМИ: ОПЫТ НОРВЕГИИ

One of the main problems on the world agenda remains the problem of international relations. The processes of globalization in the modern world lead to the expansion of cultural contacts at different levels: from everyday life to political. Recently, there has been an increase in interest in the problems of intercultural communication, which actualizes the study of the role of the media in such communication as one of the areas of journalism science. This article explores the issues of intercultural communication in the mirror of the largest media in Norway. The theoretical foundations of the study were the ideas of academician V. A. Tishkov about the ethnic and religious diversity of the modern multipolar world, the dialogical model of the media approach in the formation of society’s tolerance, proposed by I. M. Dzyaloshinsky, as well as theoretical approaches to the study of modern communication processes, presented in foreign and Russian journalism works. Based on the content analysis method, the article analyzes the representation of intercultural topics in three Norwegian leading TV-programs related to the coverage of international and domestic news – “Dagsrevyen”, “Urix”, “Debatten”, as well as in the materials of Norway’s largest online-media “Aftenposten”. Much attention is paid to the study of Norwegian legislation and media codes in relation to groups of migrants and refugees. It is noted that Norway, being initially a predominantly ethnically homogeneous state, has turned into a multicultural one, on the territory of which people from more than two hundred countries of the world live. It is concluded that the Norwegian media play an important mediating role in the field of interethnic interaction. Following the spirit and letter of the Immigration Act of 2008 and the Norwegian Code of Ethics for Journalists, publications try to maintain the level of quality journalism in covering issues of ethnicity and intercultural communication. Of course, the direction of the modern agenda of the Norwegian media has changed, shifting after February 2022 towards coverage of situation in Ukraine, which the whole world is following today. But despite the modality of some materials, we note that in the analyzed materials much attention is paid to explanatory journalism.

Threshold Constitutivism and Social Kinds

In “Constitutivism without Normative Thresholds,” Kathryn Lindeman raises two objections to what she aptly calls Threshold Constitutivism. My aim in this short discussion is to respond to her first objection. Although I will argue that this objection fails, I will also argue that thinking through how to respond to it reminds us of something important, namely, that many of the Norm-Governed Kinds that are directly related to intentional action are social kinds, that is, kinds whose existence conditions we ourselves collectively write. Everyone, whether constitutivist or not, needs to think seriously about what those existence conditions should be. 
 
 [1] Journal of Ethics and Social Policy 12 (3): 231-258 (2017).
 [2] Lindeman’s second objection depends on her view, which I do not share, that “Normative Constitutivism has ambitions to be an explanatory strategy for norms in general” (238, my emphasis).

The Struggle for News Value in the Digital Era

News has long been a contested concept but in the digital era it has become increasingly fractured and multidimensional. This discursive article explores some of the ways in which the news has been disrupted by technological and economic tensions and argues that the social value of news is worth articulating and, where necessary, struggling for. News values have never been universal or unproblematic, and the tension between commercial and social ways of valuing news is intensified today. News values are not fixed and must be open to critique as to how they are meeting citizens’ needs. Societally useful news may be at risk of being marginalized as news organizations struggle to survive, but it is not inevitable that disruption and digitization should undermine journalistic ethics and the social value of news. In arguing that scholars ought to approach news more holistically, to defend it as well as critique it, the article attempts to synthesize what typically appear as discrete approaches to studying news. The article concludes that, if the social value of news is not to suffer further diminution, there is a need to view news through a lens of struggle; a struggle in which journalists, audiences, scholars and, indeed, all citizens have a part to play.

The Function Of Social Media In Conventional Media Journalis In North Sumatra

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The Political Economy of Emergence and Transformation of Private Television Channels in Bangladesh: A Critique

The emergence of private television channels in Bangladesh was a remarkable chapter in Bangladesh's media democratization process. Three private television channels—ATN Bangla, Channel-I, and ETV— were allowed to air during Sheikh Hasina's first regime (1996-2001). All these three private channels brought a qualitative change in the broadcast history of Bangladesh. Bangladesh's people lost their confidence in the state-controlled only TV channel of the country named Bangladesh Television (BTV) simply because of its enslavement towards the government and the ruling party. Private TV channels emerged as windows for ordinary people to get accurate and unbiased news and views of Bangladesh and the world. Later on, during Begum Khaleda Zia's second regime (2001-2006), vicious and dirty party politics enveloped Bangladesh's private TV channels. As a result, private TV channels have been transformed into the government's mouthpiece and a tool for manufacturing consent in favor of the ruling party. This paper focuses on the political economy of private TV channels' emergence and their transformation in Bangladesh. The contention of this paper is to show how the social relations, i.e., communication relations between the ruling party elites and the crony capitalists, form a vicious nexus that brushes aside all rules and regulations for getting a private television channel with a view to becoming a big tool for manufacturing consent in favor of the ruling elites. The paper concludes that any authoritarian government, like a one-party rule, military regime, or even an elected government when it transforms into an autocratic one, always tries to support and sponsor crony capitalists for their political interest, which is a threat to any democracy and media democratization process of any society. The crony capitalists developed a corporate media culture of their own that doesn't give proper treatment of any national concern or issue that goes against the ruling party's interest. There is no space for objective journalism in this media culture. This corporate journalism culture, devoid of professionalism, has replaced ethical journalism in Bangladesh. It has become stronger day by day. Keywords: Political Economy, Private TV Channels, Emergence, Transformation, Crony Capitalism, Sheikh Hasina, and Begum Khaleda Zia

Book Review: Ethical Journalism: Adopting the Ethics of Care, by Joe Mathewson

Book Review: <i>Ethical Journalism: Adopting the Ethics of Care</i>, by Joe Mathewson

News Portal Content Analysis of G20 Indonesia’s Presidency

The background of this research is to find out how public acceptance and understanding of the news of the Indonesian Presidency in the massive G20 Summit on three news portals in the news period 14-16 November 2022. This study aims to analyze the objectivity of the Indonesian Presidency's news coverage of the G20 Summit from three news portals: cnnindonesia.com, detik.com, and kompas.com. This research was conducted quantitatively using content analysis methods using agenda setting theory, namely objectivity in journalism. Quantitative analysis is used to determine the credibility of a news with the theory of objectivity of mass media reporting using the supporting theory of Mc'Quail, McQuail's Mass Communication Theory. The data was obtained by monitoring and recording on three news portals, namely: cnnindonesia.com, kompas.com, and detik.com during the G20 Summit of the Indonesian Presidency during the news period 14-16 November 2022. The selection of these three news portals is based on the fact that the three news portals are at the forefront of news portal reporting. Content analysis research needs to be done carefully and systematically, because the results obtained can act as causes, preceding various processes, effects, and uses for specific interests. Some content analysis results are a picture of reality that can be used to describe a group or phenomenon. News objectivity is divided into three dimensions that represent, namely: public expectations (news about/comes from the public, government, politics, and media), professional opinion (types of informative news, entertainment, education), and journalistic ethics (news about Indonesia, non-Indonesia, and neutral). The score calculation results stated that the highest score for public expectations came from news from the media; the highest scores of professional opinion classify the types of informative news; and journalistic ethics state that the highest score is news about Indonesia. This research can be continued using other concepts such as news accuracy.

Anti-Asian Media Labeling in the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Role of Social Identity and Information Accuracy

This study examines the roles of sports fan identity and political affiliation on the perceived accuracy of mediated information during a global pandemic, which adversely affected the sports world through national and international league stoppages and newly developed health and safety protocols. A 4 (news source) × 3 (pandemic term) experimental design was incorporated. 420 subjects read one of twelve factually accurate sports articles but with differing media outlets (MSNBC, Fox News, Associated Press, Bleacher Report) and pandemic terminology of differing anti-Asian sentiments (COVID-19, Chinese coronavirus, Wuhan Virus). Results demonstrated that manipulation of media source and pandemic term did not influence perceived information accuracy, but that one’s social identification did alter results. Shifts in media accuracy depended on whether facts were incongruent with one’s identity, while xenophobic language was more likely to be accepted if the information came from an acceptable and parallel media source. Ramifications for journalism ethics and media literacy are offered, highlighting the increased role one’s identity has in information processing in modern media.

ETHICS OF JOURNALISTIC COMMUNICATION IN CONDUCTING INVESTIGATIONS FOR PUBLIC INFORMATION

Every media competes to present information of public interest. Fierce competition between media institutions Current masses sometimes make them not work based on Some regulations written about the role and function of journalists in Indonesian. Disobedience to the rules by workers of journalist agencies can be seen from violations of journalistic ethics. The Code of Ethics for Journalism is a set of rules in the form of a Code of Ethics that binds practicing journalists. Good and true reporting must be in line with journalism ethics by prioritizing responsibility social to serve the information needs of the community. Based on the provisions of Law No. 40 of 1999 concerning the Press in Article 7 paragraph 2, journalists are required to have and obey the Code of Journalistic Ethics. This study discusses how a journalist carries out his duties professionally based on the Code of Ethics in carrying out investigations. The purpose of this study is to find out how the application of the journalistic code of ethics carried out by journalists or journalists in maintaining their professionalism in carrying out their duties. The research method used is qualitative descriptive method. Data collection techniques through interviews, observation, and documentation. The results showed that journalists or journalists in the city of Medan understand and have the same understanding of the journalistic code of ethics as a rule of law in carrying out journalistic duties. Journalists use ethical means when doing work as journalists.

MANAJEMEN ETIK JURNALISTIK (Studi Kasus Pemberitaan Pemilu AJI Kota Kupang)

Choosing a quality leader, especially a political leader, depends on the information that voters receive in the election process. Two important components that play a role in providing information are political parties and the mass media. Between these two components, the mass media holds an important key. Therefore this study aims to determine the management of news coverage in the mass media; how about the news, especially published political news, is processed ethically within the framework of management functions in general. This research was conducted at AJI Kupang City using a qualitative approach. Observations and interviews, supported by scientific references, are techniques for obtaining and analyzing data. The results of the study show that news management in the mass media is generally in line with management functions. The problem is in the online media. In online media, news management does not function properly due to limited human resources. Field studies show that the media and journalists are caught up in ethical issues when reporting on political events; especially news about prospective political leaders. The mass media and journalists are trapped in a decision that violates the journalistic code of ethics by siding with a particular candidate. This partiality can be seen in every report regarding a candidate who is supported by other candidates. Self-integrity is the reason journalists are trapped in this problem. As a solution, researchers offer a management model that is expected to minimize violations of journalistic ethics. The news management model in applying management functions, pays attention to the following elements: 1) Issue exploration team, 2) Supervisory Board, 3) Complaint Center, 4) Education and Training implementing agency, 5) Technical Rules

Pregnant Prisoners in Shackles

Pregnant Prisoners in Shackles

Tainted Legacies and the Journal of Religious Ethics

ABSTRACTThis essay reflects on the role academic journals like the JRE can play in facilitating and addressing tainted legacies. As an institution in religious ethics, the journal not only determines whose work is important, but it also replicates such judgments, passing certain sets of issues, concerns, and methods down from the past to the present, shaping future work. Journals highlight the systemic, structural elements of legacies that we often neglect in heated debate over how to respond to them. Consequently, they illuminate the complexity of the problems tainted legacies present. I first discuss three ways a journal like the JRE facilitates the structural features of tainted legacies in religious ethics. I then suggest how the JRE might implement a position I call the “reformer” in response to such legacies. This position emphasizes practices of moral repair designed to challenge the systemic injustices that underlay tainted legacies.

The Phenomenon of Fake News (Hoax) in Mass Communication: Causes, Impacts, and Solutions

challenge faced in the digital era. The spread of fake news can have detrimental effects, such as disrupting public opinion, influencing democratic processes, creating social chaos, and damaging the reputation of individuals or organizations. The main causes for the emergence of fake news include technological factors, political motivation, economic gain, ignorance or lack of media literacy, and psychological factors such as the need for validation or sensation. Advances in technology and social media have accelerated the spread of fake news and complicated efforts to contain it. It is important to tackle the fake news phenomenon with a holistic approach. This involves the active role of individuals, news organizations, journalists, social media platforms, government agencies, and society as a whole. Increasing media literacy, accurate verification of facts, ethical journalism, cooperation with social media platforms, proper regulation, and prompt response to fake news are important steps in dealing with this phenomenon. The impact of fake news is very detrimental and can disrupt social stability, public trust, and information integrity. Therefore, collective efforts and awareness of the importance of fighting fake news are very important in building a healthy and trustworthy mass communication environment.

Fajar.co.id Political Reporting: A Study on Editorial Policy Related to the Makassar Mayoral Election

This research explore Fajar.co.id’s editorial policies and editorial management process in political reporting, particularly concerning the 2020 Makassar Mayoral Election. This research uses an inductive qualitative analysis. Inductive analysis is an approach that begins with field facts, analyzes them based on relevant theories and arguments, and ultimately yields a conclusion. The results show that Fajar.co.id’s editorial policy in reporting the 2020 Makassar Mayoral Election prioritizes newsworthiness by ensuring each published news piece is widely discussed, offers interesting perspectives, and uses language easily understood by a broad spectrum of society from various backgrounds. The applied editorial management demonstrates that content control occurs in the initial writing phase, with editors playing a crucial role in editing and gatekeeping functions. Although published news becomes public domain, the editorial team remains responsible for ensuring the accuracy and integrity of content by correcting writing errors without altering the news substance. Therefore, it is recommended that Fajar.co.id’s editors and reporters continue honing their abilities in identifying and processing issues with high news value and social relevance while maintaining a balance between commercially appealing news and the importance of information for public interest. Fajar.co.id must keep its motto ‘wisdom on the unbiased line’. Furthermore, the importance of ongoing training in language skills enhancement to communicate news effectively to a diverse reader while ensuring that every presented news piece adheres to ethical journalism principles is emphasized. Additionally, the already robust control and gatekeeping system should continue to be strengthened to ensure any factual or linguistic errors can be promptly corrected without altering the essence of the news, to uphold and enhance Fajar.co.id’s credibility as a responsible and reliable news media.