Journal Literature Research Articles

The Haali No of journal "Saheefa"

Saheefa” is renowned research journal of Pakistan. Scholars need to consult its contents for the seek of knowledge, literary taste and to flourish their researches, common readers can get a pleasant food of knowledge as well. Since 1956, the year of its beginning, “Saheefa” got and has been maintaining a graceful status of a research among Urdu literary journals. It has been publishing valuable research works during his 65 years life.
 “Saheefa” is also in practice of publishing its special numbers on special events and personalities accordingly, presenting their works and services appraise worthy. 
 Majlis Traqi e Adab published a special issue of “Saheefa” on the works and services of Molana Altaf Hussain Haali. In this special issue, a number of articles are included regarding great works and services of Maulana Altaf Hussain Haali for Urdu Literature and Muslims of Subcontinent. All writers of the articles threw light on different aspects through various angles on life and works of Maulana Altaf Hussain Haali.
 The writer of this article highlighted the key features of mentioned articles in detail. She discusses the importance of each article in view of the life and achievements of Molana Altaf Hussain Haali towards Urdu Literature and social issues of the Muslims of the Sub-Continent.
 References
 
 Saleha Abid Hussain, Yadgar-e-Hali, Aligarh: Anjaman Tarqi Urdu-Hind, pg: 11
 As above, pg:12
 Tahseen Faraqi, Article: Bar'azim my muslim Tashakush ka masla our Hali, Contents: Sahifa, Quarterly, Issue No. 220. 221, Lahore: Majlis Traqi Adab, January to June 2015, pg:329
 Tahseen Faraqi, Article: Harf e chand, Contents: Sahifa, Quarterly, Issue No. 220. 221, pg:9-10
 Ali Bayat, Article: A comparative study of commonalities in Adib-ul-Mamalik Farahani's Masamit and Maulana Hali's "Masdus" Contents: Sahifa, Quarterly, Issue No. 220. 221, pg: 109
 Tahseen Faraqi, Article: Bar'azim my muslim Tashakush ka masla our Hali, Contents: Sahifa, Quarterly, Issue No. 220. 221, pg:330
 As above, pg:330
 Shahid Hameed, Article: Jadeed Urdu Nasir Ka Bawa, Contents: Safiha, Quarterly, Issue No. 220. 221, p: 475
 Hafiz Mahmood Shirani, Article: Hali Ka Kalam Ak mutalia, Contents: Saheefa, Quarterly, Issue No. 220. 221, p:162
 Abdul Rahman Bajnoori, Article: Hali, Contents: Sahifa, Quarterly, Issue No. 220. 221, p:180
 Rashid Hasan Khan, Article: Ghazliat-i-Hali ka ak jaiza, Contents: Sahifa, Quarterly, Issue No. 220. 221, p: 180
 Waqar Azim, Syed, Hali ki “Majlis-ul-Nisa”, p: 446

The Application of Advanced Information Technologies in Civil Infrastructure Construction and Maintenance

Information technologies have widely been used in the construction and maintenance of civil infrastructure. The advantages of information technologies provided a broader range of methods for infrastructure and enhanced its level of maintenance. However, a systematic summary of the research development of information technologies used in civil infrastructure is limited. This study aims to supplement this field by providing an objective, systematic summary of relevant literature in mainstream journals employing bibliometric retrieval and quantitative analysis from 2010 to 2020. The following results are obtained: (1) This study discusses the application of advanced information technologies in different phases and provides a critical analysis of the application of these existing information technologies, which includes wireless sensor networks (WSN), fiber optic sensing (FOS), building information modelling (BIM), radio frequency identification (RFID) and other advanced information technologies. (2) The digital twins can be used as tools for the planning and management of next-generation smart infrastructure, making the future of civil infrastructure smarter and more sustainable.

Le Médiévisme érudit en France: de la Révolution au Second Empire. Édité par Fanny Maillet et Alain Corbellari

Literary and artistic manifestations of the Romantic ‘goût du Moyen Âge’ (p. 1) are well-known features of the cultural landscape of early nineteenth-century France. Similarly, nineteenth-century academic medievalism is a familiar presence in studies of the construction of national identity during the Troisième République. The history of the transformation of the earlier, Romantic medievalism of figures like Victor Hugo or Eugène Viollet-Le-Duc, into the later, scholarly medievalism of romance philologists such as Gaston Paris and Joseph Bédier, however, remains a ‘nébuleuse encore relativement mal cartographiée’ (p. 10). Of course, the gradual institutionalization of medievalism in nineteenth-century France has long been acknowledged in general terms as a prolonged response to the upheavals of the revolutionary period. However, little attention has been paid to date to pioneering activity in French medieval studies which preceded the formation of the École nationale des chartes (est. 1821, reformed in 1846) and the academic institutionalization of history as a social science in the École pratique des hautes études (est. 1868). Nor has sufficient work been done to bridge the divide between the antiquarian erudition of the Ancien Régime (epitomized in the works of figures such as Jean-Baptiste de La Curne de Sainte-Palaye) and the medievalisms of the nineteenth century. It is in the work of little-known figures such as the Breton historian and anthologist Louise de Kéralio (1758–1822, studied in a contribution to this volume by Bernard Ribémont), for example, that scholarship connects the medievalism of Enlightenment érudits with the world of nineteenth-century literary history. Other chapters bring to light marginalized figures whose work was essential to the flowering of medieval studies: the pioneering scholar of medieval Latin, Édélestand Du Méril (1801–1870; presented by Jean-Yves Tilliette), who saw in medieval French poetry an expression of the Romantic Volksgeist; Théodore Hersart de La Villemarqué (1815–1895; in a chapter by Hélène Bouget), one of the founders of modern Celtic literary studies; or Étienne-Jean Delécluze (1781–1863; see the contribution by Alain Corbellari), the polymath scholar, painter, translator, and historian of chivalry. Further chapters provide more thematic contributions. Patricia Victorin, for example, studies the Romantic reception of Jean Froissart and the influence of his Chroniques on nineteenth-century historians and historical-novelists. Jonathan Hofer, meanwhile, tracing the editorial fate of Old French fabliaux in the first decades of the century, shows how this corpus of jocular récits gave a foundation to the myth of a ‘Moyen Âge populaire’, crude yet vibrant. The construction of a medieval imagination among the reading public is further explored by Guillaume Cousin, who focuses on the role played by literary journals under the July Monarchy. Far from constituting an exhaustive treatment of the subject, as the editors are the first to confess (p. 13), this volume is nevertheless a groundbreaking collection. Indeed, very little else by way of recent scholarship is available to students and scholars of nineteenth-century literature who may be eager, when faced with instances of medievalism, to locate them in a wider intellectual context.

Literary journals and the professionalization of the Luxembourg literary system (1960-1980)

Two factors characterize post-war literature in Luxembourg: first, literary production consisted mainly of war and Heimat literature, mostly written by older and conservative authors. Moreover, there were hardly any literary institutions and publishers at the time and consequently only a very limited literary scene. In the 1960s, however, a young generation of relatively unknown authors started to challenge the dominant discourses and traditional formats by introducing new forms and topics into the literary system. At the same time, literary journals were founded, which allowed these authors to publish their texts and to present themselves to the public. An analysis of their programmes and publication practices shows that these – mostly ephemeral – journals not only contributed to the expansion of the literary repertoire but also had an important impact on the professionalization of Luxembourg literature in general. Against this backdrop, the article describes the crucial role of these journals in the development of the literary system as a whole and argues that aesthetic and institutional systemic shifts are always interdependent.

From Marginalia to Bookends: Industrialization, Capitalism, and Advertising in Hungary’s Modern Literary Journal, Nyugat

This study focuses on Nyugat [West], a literary journal that came to symbolize the best of modern literature in Hungary. Generally published bimonthly between 1908 and 1941, Nyugat contained both the latest works by twentieth-century literary greats as well as the essays, critiques, debates, artwork, and music originating from Hungary’s varied intellectual life. Given the staggering wealth of texts that appeared in Nyugat throughout its nearly four-decade career, my analysis will mainly concentrate upon the marginalia (advertisements, notifications, bulletins, eulogies, etc.) that were published in the journal’s early period between 1908 and 1914 before concluding with a brief foray into 1925. I contend that examining the presence of texts such as these is a possible method for mapping the links between a periodical’s editors and its editorship. In this case, Nyugat’s editorship can be extended to include the mainly Jewish factory owners who were members of GyOSz, an industrial lobby organization that strove to modernize Hungarian industry between 1902 and 1948. Tracing the relationship between Nyugat and GyOSz via the network of means that connected the two organizations allows for a new perspective upon how a periodical formation interacts with and adjusts to a non-literary influence.

From Marginalia to Bookends: Industrialization, Capitalism, and Advertising in Hungary’s Modern Literary Journal, Nyugat

[1],this paper examines Nyugat [‘West’], the premier journal ofmodern Hungarian literature published from 1908 to 1941 and edited by ErnőOsvát (1876-1929), Ignotus (1869-1949), and Miksa Fenyő (1877-1972) until 1917.Although Hungarian scholarship has detailed the role played by Osvát andIgnotus, Fenyő’s contribution to this triumvirate has received less attention,a lack that may have hindered literary historians’ understanding of the morewidespread, sociological reasons underlying Nyugat’s long-lastingpresence in a highly competitive book market. Rather than rely exclusively uponthe sources (correspondence, personal journals, memoirs, reports bycontemporaries, etc.) commonly used to investigate the editorial decisionsunderpinning a journal’s trajectory, I argue that examining Fenyő’s editorial positiondemands the inclusion of marginalia, the term this study utilises to denotethe factory advertisements, banking-related notifications, military supplyannouncements, railway schedules, and eulogies that display Fenyő’s ties to theindustrial lobby organisation GyOSz [‘National Association of HungarianIndustrialists’, also referred to as ‘the Association’] within the pages of ajournal dedicated to promoting fin-de-siècle aestheticism. Although the connectionbetween GyOSz and Nyugat has been examined from the perspective ofpublishing strategies or patronage systems, it has not been detailed within thecontext of the era’s expanding market economy. Exploring what Bernard Lahire woulddescribe as Fenyő’s ‘double life’[2] therebypaves the way to theorising what beliefs and ‘rules of the game’ (illusio)may have determined the connection between Hungary’s wealthiest industrialistsand Nyugat during a period when the journal’s editors and authors soughtto attain both authorial and financial autonomy.[1][2] Bernard Lahire, ‘The Double Lifeof Writers’, New Literary History, 41.2 (2010), 443‒465.

Appropriate citation and accuracy of references: read full text before citing

Reference accuracy is important for good science. Cited references must be verifiable and accessible to the readers, reviewers, and editors. When the source cannot be found, it raises question of the quality of the manuscript, and also undermine the credibility of the journal (and editors). Almost all the domains of peer-reviewed medical journal literature report errors in referencing and citations which affect indexing, abstracting, and publication metrics. Citation is properly referring to information presented by others’ and provides authenticity to own work by directing readers to the sources.

Avatusse astudes. Jaan Kaplinski ja Ilmar Laabani loome kokkupuuted ja mitmekesisus. / Approaching Openness: Convergence and Diversity in the Creative Universes of the Poets Jaan Kaplinski and Ilmar Laaban.

The special issue of Methis on literature and openness brings together the oeuvres of two remarkable Estonian authors with an international scope: Jaan Kaplinski and Ilmar Laaban. They were poets, translators, essayists, original thinkers and public intellectuals whose works have travelled far beyond the boundaries of Estonian literature. Jaan Kaplinski (1941–2021) published more than 60 books in Estonia and equally many abroad, as his work has been translated into more than 30 languages. Ilmar Laaban (1921–2000) fled Estonia for an exile in Sweden to escape Soviet occupation in the spring of 1943. He has left his mark on Estonian literary history with his surrealist collection of poetry Rroosi Selaviste (1957) and practising the genre of text sound poetry in Estonian, Swedish and French.
 
 Jaan Kaplinski’s name was put forward as a possible candidate for the Nobel prize in literature on several occasions. Laaban, who was well acquainted with contemporary European literature and its authors, translated into Swedish poems by the German-Jewish poet Nelly Sachs who received the Nobel prize in 1966, while Kaplinski rendered into Estonian poetry by Tomas Tranströmer, the Swedish recipient of the prize in 2011. Kaplinski also pointed out that it was the anthology 19 moderna franska poeter (1948), co-edited by Laaban and Erik Lindegren, that had given Tranströmer an impetus towards becoming a poet. In addition, similarities of outlook have also been observed between Tranströmer and Kaplinski himself. For instance, Ivar Ivask, a long-time editor-in-chief of the Oklahoma-based journal World Literature Today, underscored the significance of openness in Tranströmer’s poetry, while his dedicatory poems to Kaplinski and Laaban connect the authors with such notions as scope, infinity, openness, eternity and freedom. Openness appears as the core concept in this cluster of notions related to a lack of boundaries and contractedness in time, space and society that becomes manifest in the oeuvres of both Kaplinski and Laaban. Their works are also characterised by an intense engagement with the semantic possibilities afforded by different languages as well as employing linguistic regularities towards the end of formal innovation.
 
 20th-century intellectual history, that provided the context for the creative growth of both authors, involved remarkable cases of addressing of the openness concept, notably by figures such as the philosopher Karl Popper and the semiotician Umberto Eco. Popper famously launched his concept of open society as one in which an individual has to face personal decisions, which opposes it to a magical or tribal totalitarian society. In the artistic realm, Eco discussed the open work that involves the audience’s collaboration with the author in detecting meaningful arrangements in the work, making artistic response an interactive process. Such plurality and multiplicity accompanies formal innovation that correlates with a modern, avant-garde feeling for life. The 20th century also gave rise to personality psychology that considers openness to be one of the key personality dimensions, the so-called Big Five. In psychology, openness involves receptivity to new experiences, creativity, intellectual curiosity, and an advanced aesthetic sense. Recent studies have shown that particularly the presence of the latter two components tends to be in correlation with an environmentally aware outlook.
 
 Kaplinski and Laaban belonged to different generations and spent their formative years in markedly different conditions yet were united in the attention they paid to language as a system of signs and to studying its possibilities in their creative work, which in Kaplinski’s case was framed by an explicitly ecological take on life. The present special issue on literature and openness comprises six studies concentrating on facets of Jaan Kaplinski’s and Ilmar Laaban’s creative universes by literary scholars from both sides of the Atlantic. In addition, the issue includes two articles that deal with representing trauma in literature and theoretical issues in digital humanities. The issue concludes with the section of theory mediation presenting a translation of Ilmar Laaban’s Swedish-language article “Musiken, samhället, revolutionen” (“Music, society, revolution”, 1969) that is accompanied by a commentary by Hasso Krull.

Analysis of Domestic and International Green Infrastructure Research Trends from the ESG Perspective in South Korea.

Government-level ESG (environmental, social, and governance) institutionalization and active ESG activation in the private sector are being discussed for the first time this year in Korea, spurred by increased national interest since the COVID-19 pandemic crisis and the declaration of a carbon-neutral society by 2050, and ESG discussion in many fields is spreading rapidly. In addition, global awareness of the crisis caused by environmental pollution and natural disasters has highlighted the importance of green infrastructure (GI) as a new conceptual alternative to improve public value. Based on sustainability, which is a common goal of ESG and green infrastructure, this study aimed to examine the research targets and techniques of green infrastructure from the perspective of ESG. This study selected and analyzed 98 domestic and international academic journal papers published over the past 10 years in the Web of Science academic journal database literature collection. Focusing on the research subjects, the focus on green infrastructure, and research keywords, we examined the aspects of the green infrastructure plan that have been focused on from the ESG perspective and compared domestic and international research trends. In addition, implications for how each research topic is connected to the concept of ESG according to its function and purpose were derived. By examining the domestic and international research trends of green infrastructure from the ESG perspective, we identified the need for a wider range of research on the diversity and relationship between humans and the ecological environment; policies and systems; and technical research that does not focus only on a specific field. In this regard, we intend to increase the contribution to ESG management in the public sector through the establishment of green infrastructure plans and policies in the future, as they account for a large portion of public capital.

The Springs

The Springs Sage Marshall (bio) I can still feel the shaking of your truck bedcut-black sour of Grizz mint & you driving me out into thenight of bruises & smoke shared breath-full and the fatherbuying us bar burgers click swift of thighs jagged (yours)pressed to and held taut (mine) song of boys growing danktwisted love returned in knuckles iron protection (you)& a mouthful of nails pressed hot glittering crimsonthe bore is crying your name—potato-vodka curled deep gut the slide twined unkempt curlsnow wet ridden in heat & the summer of fire returnedit was your Chevy parked slant we sat & watched the blazeas lovers the drive-in boys becoming ———the ash falling softly stuffing our mouths silent [End Page 94] Sage Marshall Sage Marshall is a poet, writer, and journalist from southwest Colorado. His poems have been featured in Arc Poetry Magazine, Emerge Literary Journal, Reverberations Mag, and elsewhere. He is currently working on a memoir titled The Barbs. Copyright © 2022 Berea College ...

Contributors’ Notes

Contributors’ Notes

The Artful Dickens: Tricks and Ploys of the Great Novelist by John Mullan

Reviewed by: The Artful Dickens: Tricks and Ploys of the Great Novelist by John Mullan Dominic Rainsford (bio) John Mullan. The Artful Dickens: Tricks and Ploys of the Great Novelist. Bloomsbury Publishing, 2020. Pp. x + 431. £16.99. ISBN 978-1-4088-6681-8 (hb). John Mullan is the current Lord Northcliffe Chair of Modern English Literature at University College London. It is a position with a certain profile in Dickens studies, albeit attached to broader interests and with affinities to literary journalism more than strictly academic research. Previous holders of the Chair have included Karl Miller, founding editor of the London Review of Books, who wrote vividly and eccentrically about Dickens in Doubles (1985) (and for whom, as an awed and besotted student, I wrote my own first essay on Bleak House), and John Sutherland, in whose copious writings about the entire range of Victorian fiction Dickens frequently appears. The Artful Dickens is dedicated to Sutherland, and John Mullan's emphasis on "tricks" and "ploys" owes something to his predecessor's highly successful strategy of promising to take his readers on a quirky exploration, disentangling mysteries along the way, in "crossover" books such as Is Heathcliff a Murderer? (1996) and Inside Bleak House (2005). The book begins with the claim that Dickens's technical skills as a writer tend to be underestimated. While it is tempting to object that the last few decades have seen dozens of scholarly books and hundreds of articles that imply the opposite, the claim may still be true as far as Dickens's wider readership (let alone his non-readership) is concerned. Mullan does not assume that his readers know any Dickens criticism at all, and yet, given that he seeks to reveal Dickens's "qualities of formal ingenuity" (8) to a hitherto unsuspecting audience, it is impressive that the book does contain fresh and powerful readings, and that it includes evidence of considerable scholarly effort. This becomes apparent a few pages into the Introduction, where Mullan writes very evocatively about Dickens's manuscripts, describing what he has seen with his own eyes, in the Victoria and Albert Museum and elsewhere, to convey a strong sense of how Dickens must have worked, and above all how seriously he took his choices of word and phrase, sentence by sentence (9 ff.). Mullan divides his emphasis between Dickens's writerly skills and the other traits or qualities that make his work not just good but unpredictable, spectacular, and unique: Dickens as literally (8–9), but also metaphorically, a magician. "From one artful sentence to the next, he was, and is, the most exciting novelist writing in English" (14). The claim not just that Dickens was, but that he is, "the most exciting novelist" has weight coming from Mullan, who is also known for his former column in The Guardian, "Elements of Fiction" (collected in How Novels Work), which addressed the techniques of many present-day authors. Mullan's knowledge of twentieth- and twenty-first-century literature [End Page 218] comes frequently to the surface in The Artful Dickens: when, for example, he describes Dickens's tendency to "discover" the monstrous, hinting at "a kind of horror fiction (H. P. Lovecraft? Stephen King?) that has not yet been invented" (29); and when he compares Dickens's innovative use of present-tense narration with James Joyce, Margaret Atwood, or Don DeLillo (85–88); and when he notes that, "[w]ell in advance of … novelists of the late twentieth century, [Dickens] has learnt to include within his narrative his reader's expectations about the designs of the novel" (308). However, Mullan also charts a peculiar affinity between post-Dickensian novelists, from Henry James to Iris Murdoch (127), and some of his best-known contemporaries, such as Trollope (363), insofar as they enjoyed Dickens despite themselves, envying his abilities while being baffled by them, and denigrating the very talents that held them enthralled. Dickens's seriousness as a writer needs to be explained, in other words, even– or perhaps especially– to his would-be peers. After the lively Introduction, The Artful Dickens divides into thirteen chapters, each with a gerundive title expressing Dickens in action in a technical or thematic...

Analisis Hak-Hak Khusus Narapidana Perempuan Yang Merupakan Tanggung Jawab Negara Dilembaga Pemasyarakatan

Inmate is a term for someone who is serving a criminal period of lost independence in the correctional institution, this is the impact of his actions or behavior that legally violates the law and norms of life in the community. Even though they are serving time in prison, their natural rights are still attached to themselves and it should be underlined, that the state only takes their right to independence, not their right to life or anything else, their fundamental rights are still attached to the body. especially when it comes to female prisoners who are classified as vulnerable groups, female prisoners are a vulnerable group because they require special treatment for their needs even though basically their rights are the same as inmates in general, namely male prisoners, but related to gender roles and reproductive functions, they are certainly different and there is a need for special treatment when they are pregnant, giving birth, breastfeeding, nursing or menstruating. The purpose of this research is to examine how the implementation of the fulfillment of the special rights of vulnerable groups of female prisoners in the Penitentiary. The research method uses Normative Legal Techniques where the source of research data comes from library materials, regulations and various journal literature to conclude the results of qualitative descriptive analysis related to the fulfillment of the special rights of female prisoners in Correctional Institutions, especially Women Correctional Institutions in several Correctional Technical Implementing Units in Indonesia.

MZ세대 관련 국내언론보도에 대한 비정형 데이터 분석과 인사조직 분야에의 함의

This study is conducted to analyze the MZ generations characteristics as a key topic within the Korean society these days. To achieve this goal, this study explores the MZ generations characteristics by examining the previous studies including books, papers, and news articles. In addition, this study utilizes network analysis and text mining techniques to identify the main characteristics of the Millennial, or the “MZ” generation. Our analysis draws from a multiplicity of academic and journalistic literature including the Bigkinds database provided by the Korea Press Foundation, which creates a timeseries database from July 2019 to August 2021. The analytical results showed that ‘targeting’ and ‘communication’ were the outcomes of the co-currence network analysis, and five topics were suggested as significantly relevant for those born in this generation (1990’s). For text mining, when using the same methodology the keywords ‘youth’ and ‘justice’ were the results of this approach, as well as six topics which were deemed as significantly relevant. This study further visualizes the above analyses with word-clouds based on news articles from Korean and international sources such as personal social network services (instagram, Naver blog), foreign media(The Guardian), and international academic studies (100 papers). Based on our findings, this study suggests implications for HR/organization fields, particularly regarding the organizational justice theory. The theoretical and practical implications, as well as the limitations of the study are also discussed.

The Caspian Sea as Intertext: from the Old Russian Literary Tradition to Modern Mass Media (Reception, Concepts, Emotions)

The article reveals cognitive and discursive potential of the Caspian Sea portrayal in the Russian literary tradition and modern Internet journalism. The research is based on individual works of Russian writers written in different genres, as well as works of domestic journalists, representing an unconventional reception of the picture of the world framed around the Caspian Sea. The paper draws conclusions about the ambivalent meaning of the image of the Caspian Sea, its mythological semantics; it shows the intertextual nature of the image of the Caspian Sea which generates ideas relevant for the author’s reality; it defines the main constitutive concepts creating the worldview characteristic of the Caspian region; and it reveals the spectrum of emotions expressing the individual author’s perception of the image of the Caspian Sea.

LIERATURE REVIEW TEKNIK PEMERIKSAAN RADIOLOGI MOLAR PADA KLINIS IMPAKSI DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN MULTIMODALITAS

Background: Dental tooth impaction is a state of latent or not erupted or partly erupted after a normal eruption time, Impacted teeth can be estimated clinically and can be confirmed by radiographic examination.
 Methods: This study aims to determine the radiological examination technique of molars in clinical impaction using multimodality based on a literature review. This research is library research. The data collection method used in this research is the method of theory study/literature study/library study.
 Results: Based on studies from several journal literatures, there are several radiological techniques that can be performed in clinical molar impaction such as periapical intraoral radiography, panoramic, CBCT, and MRI. On periapical intraoral radiology, the molars and panoramic radiographs do not clearly show molars impacted with the mandibular canal and inferior alveolar nerve, but on CBCT and MRI they are clearly visible using existing sequences and techniques. However, with the use of CBCT modalities, the radiation obtained is very high. Therefore, the use of a radiation-free MRI modality is a highly invasive examination for clinically impacted molars.
 Conclusions: With a variety of available modalities for clinically impacted molars, it is recommended to use intraoral periapical and panoramic if the case or clinical can still be seen in that modality, if not or less visible in that modality with certain cases or clinical can be used CBCT examination but do not overuse of these modalities because the ionizing radiation emitted is very high/dangerous. It is suggested that the use of dental MRI modalities could be increased in an important step towards being radiation free, improving intervention planning and thereby increasing the overall patient benefit.

Effectiveness of vital pulp treatment in managing nontraumatic pulpitis associated with no or nonspontaneous pain: A systematic review.

The exposed pulp has been the topic of numerous studies, but well-designed and well-executed comparative trials on the outcome and treatment of these teeth have been limited. This study was conducted to answer the following questions: in patients with nontraumatic pulpitis associated with no or nonspontaneous pain in permanent teeth, (i) is direct pulp capping or pulpotomy (partial/full) as effective as selective or stepwise caries removal [Population/participants, Intervention(s), Comparator(s)/control, Outcome(s) (PICO) 1], (ii) is pulpotomy (partial/full) as effective as direct pulp capping (PICO 2) and (iii) is pulpotomy (partial/full) as effective as a pulpectomy (PICO 3), in terms of a combination of patient and clinical reported outcomes, with 'tooth survival' as the most critical outcome? A literature search was conducted using Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from inception to November 3rd 2021. Grey literature and contents of the major subject journals were examined. Eligibility criteria followed the PICO questions. Two independent reviewers performed study selection, data extraction and appraisal; disagreements were resolved by a third reviewer. The risk of bias was assessed by the revised Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. Three randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were included in the review. No study fulfilled the criteria to answer PICO 1. There were no significant differences in the reported outcomes between investigated treatments in all included RCTs. None of the included studies reported the most critical outcome 'tooth survival'. A high loss of patients during the follow-up period was observed. Although a few studies fulfilled strict eligible criteria, the results of this systematic review clearly highlight a paucity of available evidence. At the present time, clinical decisions cannot be substantiated by direct comparative trials. Based on limited evidence, this systematic review discovered no significant differences in effectiveness between compared vital pulp treatments in managing nontraumatic pulpitis associated with no or nonspontaneous pain. Further high-quality RCTs are necessary to investigate the effectiveness of direct pulp capping or pulpotomy (partial/full) compared to selective or stepwise caries removal. PROSPERO database (CRD42021259742).

Inventarisasi Jenis dan Potensi Tumbuhan Marga Elatostema, Pilea, dan Dendrocnide di Hutan Primer Desa Bukum

Plants of <em>Elatostema</em>, <em>Pilea</em>, and <em>Dendrocnide</em> genus are members of the Urticacea family that are scattered in the forest, one of which is found in the Primery Forest of Bukum Village, Sibolangit. The purpose of this study was to find out what types of plants from the genera <em>Elatostema</em>, <em>Pilea</em> and <em>Dendrocnide</em> live in the Forest of Bukum Village, and identify the potential use of these plants. This research method is an exploratory survey. The plant inventory was obtained using a 10m x 10m plot placed by purposive sampling. While the potential use of the use of research journal literature techniques. The results of this study obtained 8 species of the <em>Elatostema</em><em> </em>genus, 3 species of the <em>Pilea</em><em> </em>genus, and 2 species of the Dendrocnide genus. The literature study shows 5 potential uses of each type of plant studied from the three genera of the Urticacea family, namely wood producers, medicinal plants, fruits, vegetable producers, and animal feed

ACTIVE AND INTELLIGENT PACKAGING BASED ON CHITOSAN AND ANTOCYANIN FROM THE EXTRACT OF ROSELLA FLOWER (Hibiscus sabdariffa) WITH THE ADDITION OF CITRONELLA ESSENTIAL OIL (Cymbopogon citrratus)

Background: The development in various industrial sectors in Indonesia is not far from the development of advanced materials in food packaging applications. In terms of material, 44% of the circulating packaging is in flexible form, 14% is rigid plastic packaging, and 28% is paperboard packaging. The food in packaging has expired or has decayed before expiration date due to contact with other compounds. Currently, a system has been developed forthe development of materials for food packaging so as to increase the safetyand shelf life of food ingredients which is commonly referred to as intelligentand active packaging. Method: This active and intelligent packaging system will utilize biopolymer compounds combined withdyes in pH-sensitive edible film preparations so they are be able to show color changes when there is a change in pH. The author uses the method of studying literature in national and international journals whose validity is verified to examine the use of chitosan biopolymer from shrimp shells with the addition of anthocyanin compounds from Rosella flowers as colorindicators and lemongrass as an antioxidant that will extend the shelf life of food. Result: Based on the results the authors can conclude that this active and intelligent packaging innovation has goodpotential as an indicator to determine freshness and prolong shelf life of fresh food products. The incorporation of Rosella flower extract in the film can increase the value of light transmission, opacity, water content, and sensitivity to pH. Meanwhile, the incorporation of essential oils significantlyincreases the elongation and opacity values and produces a smoother film surface. The hydrophobic nature of essential oils can reduce value of water content in the film. Conclusion: Authors hope that the Intelligent Packaging based on chitosan and anthocyanin from Rosella flower extract with the addition of essential oils can be applied further. Keyword: anthocyanin, chitosan, essential oil, intelligent packaging, rosella

Extreme-Right Violence in the Portuguese Transition to Democracy

Abstract The Exército de Libertação de Portugal [ELP; Portugal’s Liberation Army] was one of the most infamous clandestine organizations active during the Portuguese transition to democracy, bringing together far-right militants from the deposed authoritarian regime. This organization has been considered the most dangerous terrorist group fighting for the restoration of Estado Novo’s regime. This article aims to challenge this statement, recurrently defended by international historiography, through an in-depth case study of the ELP, which is assessed in its genesis, structuring, ideological identity, strategy and operative capacity, permeability to repression, and dissolution. This study is based on a qualitative methodology triangulating data dispersed in the existing scientific and journalistic literature with data collected, unprecedently, in private archives and through face-to-face interviews with former ELP militants. Therefore, this paper is of importance to scholarship on the Portuguese transition to democracy, but also on the role of the extreme right in other post-authoritarian contexts, and on political violence in processes of democratization.