Journalism Education Research Articles

The (Ir)Relevance of Audience Studies in Journalism Education

Journalism stakeholders increasingly believe that they need to better understand the news audience to accomplish their goals. Our study explores the extent to which this “audience turn” has unfolded in the education of future journalists. Drawing on data collected from course syllabi from leading journalism schools throughout the United States, we find that few journalism courses include aspects focused on news audiences. Those that include readings and/or assignments relating to news audiences maintain a narrow focus on audience metrics. We conclude by discussing what these trends mean for the future of journalism and the audience gap in journalism education.

Specialized News Television: Structural, Substantive and Stylistic Features (Based on Cultural News)

Specialized news broadcasting is of particular interest and it needs to be studied. The subject of the article is the content-thematic and stylistic features of news and information-analytical programs on the Kultura (Сulture) TV channel. The research is based on the method of content analysis, linguistic methods of 
 analysis. As a result, the content and thematic features of information broadcasting in the field of culture have been revealed. The topics of the TV channel programs are diverse; they include such types of art as theater, music, literature, visual arts, cinema, etc. By topic and modality, news stories are divided into news itself, news announcements, and 
 news retrospectives. «News of Culture with Vladislav Flyarkovsky», as constants 
 of information and analytical television, retaines emphasis on the presenter’s strong authorial position, depth of topic coverage, a desire to comment on a phenomenon or event, to assess it, and reveal it from all sides. The communicative and stylistic design of the final program is conditioned, on the one hand, by the format of news broadcasting, on the other hand, by the theme (in the speech of journalists the vocabulary of art history, culturolog-
 ical and philosophical discourses prevail; restraint, intimacy, emphasizing the importance of cultural facts is combined with analyticism, emotional and evaluative nature of information presentation). The revealed features make it possible to talk about a special television format such as symbiosis of cultural and educational journalism, and information journalism.

Journalism Education, Practice and Gender Issues in Nigeria: Factors Determining Journalism Career Consideration by Female Graduates of Mass Communication

Over the past two to three decades, journalism education at advanced levels is increasingly gaining popular acceptance despite being gendered, with more institutions of higher learning (such as universities and polytechnics) offering courses in Mass Communication and Journalism across Nigeria. Also, since the deregulation of the Nigerian broadcast media industry in 1992, many public and commercial broadcast outlets have been established across Nigeria, thus providing a bustling market for journalism career. This development could have encouraged those who studied Mass Communication and Journalism especially women (who are often discriminated against) to consider adopting journalism as a career after graduation. However, it is not known whether that is obtainable, and what factors could be affecting that. To solve that research gap, this study examined the factors impeding the adoption of journalism as a career among female graduates of mass communication in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. The study attempted to finding out the rationale behind non-pursuance of journalism by women. A qualitative survey approach, specifically the key informant interview (KII) approach was adopted. Using the snowball sampling method, 12 women mass communication graduates who were selected for interviews, and their responses were analysed using the thematic approach. The study found that: there was a great deal of perceived discrimination senior colleagues at places of work and by the general society toward women that are into journalism practice in Nigeria; female roles as mothers and wives; religious and cultural beliefs; and poor salary/wages were some of the critical factors impeding women mass communication graduates in Maiduguri from adopting journalism-related careers. The study concluded that women mass communication graduates in Maiduguri have negative perception toward journalism-related careers. The study, therefore, recommended that media organisations should make it as a duty to employ offer employment opportunities to more women and formulate and implement viable and strong gender equality policies. Keywords: Career consideration, Journalism career, Mass communication graduates, Media organisations, Nigerian news media, Women journalists DOI: 10.7176/NMMC/98-01 Publication date: September 30 th 2021

Learning in Times of COVID: Journalism Education in Kashmir, India

Our in-depth qualitative interviews with journalism graduate students and professors, from Kashmir, India, show that unlike the rest of India, the region experienced extremely low internet connectivity, and this combined with a lack of access to technology nearly brought classes to a standstill. But students and teachers, used to social disruptions, used the COVID-19 pandemic to learn and practice journalism that was deeply bound to the community and they created “circles of trust” that helped them overcome internet and other technical issues. Ramifications for journalism education in situations of low connectivity and poor technology resources are discussed.

Testing the Connection Between Tertiary Journalism Education and the Rising Number of Female Journalists

ABSTRACT Journalism and communication courses almost unfailingly report a majority of female students such as the Journalism Students Around the Globe project (Mellado and Hanusch 2017), which has led scholars to assume a connection between the rise in the numbers of female journalists and the growth of academic journalism education. But as yet no study has been carried out to test this assumption, which has led us to probe the strength of that presumed link. A comparison between two baseline studies, David H. Weaver’s The Global Journalist (1998) and Hanitzsch et al.’s Worlds of Journalism Study (2019) provides the longitudinal perspective on the numbers of female journalists and educational attainment. The Worlds of Journalism Study data set permits us to see the percentages of women journalists, and of those having specialized in journalism or communication and their ages. The Journalism Students Around the Globe project offers not only percentages of female students but also the students’ stated intention whether they want to become journalists. Based on this data, we examine 19 countries to test the link between academic journalism education and the increase in women journalists, concluding that tertiary journalism education has contributed to the rise in the number of female journalists.

КОМПЕТЕНТНІСНА МОДЕЛЬ ЖУРНАЛІСТСЬКОЇ ОСВІТИ В ОЦІНЦІ СТЕЙКХОЛДЕРІВ

<p><strong><em>The purpose</em></strong><em> of the research was to empirically study the correlation between the content of the competency model of journalism education and the competency needs of the media industry.</em></p><p><strong><em>Research methods.</em></strong><em> To achieve this goal, an online survey of stakeholders, offering them a questionnaire with 5 blocks of competencies was conducted: «Instrumental skills», «Journalistic knowledge. Special scientific media knowledge», «Communication competency», «Sectoral / special knowledge and skills» and «Social orientation». The results of the survey were summarised in specific figures and their severity was assessed. Methods of comparative analysis and synthesis were used to evaluate the obtained data.</em></p><p><strong><em>Results.</em></strong><em> Having conducted the research, we concluded that there is a significant gap between the competency model of journalism education and the content of competencies used in practical journalism. The greatest correlation was demonstrated by communication and language competencies, which is due to the functional nature of journalism. The knowledge component of journalism education in the responses of stakeholders is represented mainly by media law, media psychology and a set of fundamental social disciplines. Emphasis is also placed on adaptive competency, the ability to work with sources and verify information.</em></p><p><strong><em>Novelty.</em></strong><em> For the first time, the competencies proposed by the domestic Standard of Higher Education were structured on the basis of the Weischenberg competency model. The obtained differentiated list is offered for evaluation to stakeholders of the media industry. </em></p><p><strong><em>Practical meaning. </em></strong><em>The obtained results and conclusions of the research can be used to optimise the competency model of journalism education.</em></p><p><strong><em>Key words:</em></strong><em> competencies, journalism education, stakeholders, journalists, media workers, media industry.</em></p>

SPORTS JOURNALISM TRAININGS AND THEIR INTRODUCTION INTO THE EDUCATION SYSTEM OF AZERBAIJAN

In modern times, sports have become more global, and thanks to sports and the media, especially television, the schedule of major events has changed. Thus, a new era has begun in sports journalism.
 Sports journalism has emerged as a small field in the past. The history of sports journalism is connected with the development of sports. One of the first examples of media in the world appeared in the 17th century. Sports developed professionally in the 19th century. But sports media started before this development. The emergence of this area is directly related to the United States. Betting games in the United States have resulted in the emergence of sports media. Therefore, the first example of sports media dates back to the 19th century. Sports journalism, which first appeared in boxing and horse racing, is everywhere in the world today. Sports journalism is the world's most interactive live media. The Tour de France, the famous Wimbledon tennis tournament in France, is one of the oldest tournaments in the sport. Along with the development of sports, the world's most famous sportswear brands have always sponsored. Large corporations such as Nike, which has an annual turnover of $ 4 billion, invest in sports. Due to the size of the advertising market, sports are one of the largest areas of the media.
 This study discusses the history and development of world sports journalism. At the same time, opportunities for sports journalism education to influence the development of sports media in Azerbaijan, which has invested heavily in sports in recent years, are presented. Here are some suggestions on the first master's program in sports journalism in the Caucasus. At the same time, sports journalism in Azerbaijan is compared with the US and British media, which are the oldest examples of sports journalism.

Future of Journalism Education – Challenges and Prospects

Future of Journalism Education – Challenges and Prospects

Reflections on Journalism Education for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Conservation. Approaches and Narratives of the Romanian Media about Brown Bears

Reflections on Journalism Education for the Environment, Sustainable Development and Conservation. Approaches and Narratives of the Romanian Media about Brown Bears

Evaluating implementation of the Transparency and Openness Promotion\xa0(TOP) guidelines:\xa0the TRUST process for rating journal policies, procedures, and practices

BackgroundThe Transparency and Openness Promotion (TOP) Guidelines describe modular standards that journals can adopt to promote open science. The TOP Factor is a metric to describe the extent to which journals have adopted the TOP Guidelines in their policies. Systematic methods and rating instruments are needed to calculate the TOP Factor. Moreover, implementation of these open science policies depends on journal procedures and practices, for which TOP provides no standards or rating instruments.MethodsWe describe a process for assessing journal policies, procedures, and practices according to the TOP Guidelines. We developed this process as part of the Transparency of Research Underpinning Social Intervention Tiers (TRUST) Initiative to advance open science in the social intervention research ecosystem. We also provide new instruments for rating journal instructions to authors (policies), manuscript submission systems (procedures), and published articles (practices) according to standards in the TOP Guidelines. In addition, we describe how to determine the TOP Factor score for a journal, calculate reliability of journal ratings, and assess coherence among a journal’s policies, procedures, and practices. As a demonstration of this process, we describe a protocol for studying approximately 345 influential journals that have published research used to inform evidence-based policy.DiscussionThe TRUST Process includes systematic methods and rating instruments for assessing and facilitating implementation of the TOP Guidelines by journals across disciplines. Our study of journals publishing influential social intervention research will provide a comprehensive account of whether these journals have policies, procedures, and practices that are consistent with standards for open science and thereby facilitate the publication of trustworthy findings to inform evidence-based policy. Through this demonstration, we expect to identify ways to refine the TOP Guidelines and the TOP Factor. Refinements could include: improving templates for adoption in journal instructions to authors, manuscript submission systems, and published articles; revising explanatory guidance intended to enhance the use, understanding, and dissemination of the TOP Guidelines; and clarifying the distinctions among different levels of implementation.Research materials are available on the Open Science Framework: https://osf.io/txyr3/.

Diagnosis, Problems, and Alternatives for College Journalism Education in South Korea

This study reviewed the programs of college journalism education in South Korea. The review on journalism education programs in ten universities showed that journalism education models in South Korea are different from both the American model that emphasizes field practices and the European model that emphasizes contextual knowledge for journalism. College journalism education in South Korea can be characterized as “the department store model of journalism education,” which focuses on various media and communication theories, with a small number of journalism courses. Journalism education programs in South Korea do not provide a systematic curriculum for practical skills required in the field. Only small proportion of faculty members was found to dedicate themselves to journalism-related courses. There are few journalism-related courses and instructors for the digital media environment. Goals of journalism education are found to be rather abstract and ambiguous, aiming at both the practical skills and theories. New models of journalism education for the new media and digital environment are discussed.

Research on Geographical Education in Vietnam Journals Within The 10-Year Period (2010 - 2019)

Geographical education is a term that is not commonly used in research on Educational Science in Vietnam. Instead, researchers often refer to concepts such as Geography teaching or Geography lecturing. Geographical education is defined as the amalgam of two academic fields: Geography and Education (Gerber, 1996). Studies of geographical education published in journals over the past 10 years reflect the development of this field in my country. The objective of this study is to give an outline of research on geographical education in Vietnam between 2010 and 2019. The search for research articles uses Grounded Theory and is carried out in three phases. This research has contributed to the establishment of the geographical education definition in order to form a conceptual framework for the studies on the same field in Vietnam. More importantly, it generalizes prominent trends in the research on geographical education during the 10-year period as a basis for research strategy planning for the following phases. These results play an important role in improving education strategy in Vietnam from 2018.

Innovation in journalism educational programmes at university. A systematic review of educational experiences at Spanish universities

The journalism being taught at universities in Spain is undergoing intensive changes as a result of the dual pressure exerted by the impact of digitisation in two specific aspects. The first is the journalistic system itself (business models, professional routines, information consumption, etc.). The second aspect involves the teaching guidelines established as a result of the implementation of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA). Focusing on the latter issue, the current debate regarding the orientation of journalistic education is calling for this aspect not to be relegated or limited to training in technical skills, which are constantly being renewed by technological developments of the digital environment. On the contrary, journalism education must also take into account other skills that foster the achievement of critical thinking, which is fundamental for the exercise of the journalistic profession. However, in the face of an increasingly digitised, competitive labour market, journalism studies and their training programmes also have a duty to provide the skills and competencies demanded by this market. In this paper, we have conducted a systematic review of some of the experiences of innovative teaching that have been successfully carried out in Journalism degrees taught in Spain for this purpose (service-learning, project-based learning, content curation, and edublogs, among others). These experiences reflect the involvement of university professors in providing comprehensive education for future journalists, with a strong emphasis on the intensive use of the digital resources currently available.

LA MEDICINA NEL <em>CAFFÈ</em>

The magazine of Milan Enlightenment had an open attitude to the new knowledge spreading through Europe and was committed towards the dissemination of the so-called «useful studies». This implied that themes related to medicine were widely present among its articles, which recognized the central role of medicine in social life and presented it as both the inescapable premise of the ‘well-being’ of individuals and the population at large, and the aim of any good administration. Il Caffè decisively stands for ‘new’ medicine, the one that best takes into account the progress of studies, and that values the constant updating of its practitioners; medicine to be considered as science rather than experience. Thanks to all these elements, together with its inclusion in the complex system of scientific knowledge (inherently subject to constant verification), the lively formula of erudite entertainment opens, in more than one case, to concrete results, as in Pietro Verri’s article Sull’innesto del vaiuolo (On smallpox grafting); here, the author resolutely places the Caffè in favor of the still suspect practice of inoculation. Furthermore, even though it is Pietro Verri again who offers a wide-ranging nomenclature framework (with the article La medicina), undoubtedly most of the contributors are involved in dealing with these issues with an almost revolutionary narrative writing; certainly the model is English educational journalism, but with an incisiveness that also pays attention to the emerging sensiblerie, especially the «diseases of imagination» and those from which «more or less every man suffers without exactly distinguishing the cause».

The transformation of normative approaches to journalism in Croatian academic literature from socialism to post-socialism

This paper shows changes in the normative expectations of journalism through‎ an analysis of articles published in Croatian scientific journals about journalism‎ in three time periods: socialism, the transition period, and the period of‎ democratic consolidation. Using qualitative content analysis we identify a‎ total of fifteen themes related to journalism (journalistic norms, regulation,‎ sensationalism, investigative journalism, journalism and PR, organizational‎ aspects, war reporting, technological aspects, gender and journalism, media‎ freedom, democratic aspects, economic aspects, journalism education, the‎ function of journalism in a political system, and the history of journalism) and‎ nine normative roles for journalists ( gatekeeper, social-political worker, public‎ sphere promoter, watchdog, commercial role, emancipatory role, neutral‎ disseminator, advocacy role, defender of democracy). We used quantitative‎ content analysis to analyze the distribution of themes and roles. The results‎ show no unambiguous perception of journalism in academic papers during the‎ different time periods as is generally assumed in the literature on ‎media democratization and the media in transitional countries in general.

Journalism education in the post-truth era: an exploration of the voices of journalism students in Greece and Cyprus

ABSTRACT Journalism is in a state of flux and so is journalism education. The present study engages in a comparative qualitative analysis focusing on the viewpoints of journalism students in Greece and in Cyprus regarding journalism education in the post–truth era, media literacy, and journalism quality. Drawing upon evidence from four focus groups conducted in the journalism/communication departments of two public universities in Greece and Cyprus, the findings show highly similar attitudes between the two departments. In particular, it was found that journalism students acknowledge the need for journalists’ increased responsibility towards their publics and emphasize the necessity of (normative) skills and practices as important means in the direction of quality journalism; ICT-related journalistic skills, in-depth research, specialization, impartiality and verification, topic plurality and avoidance of agenda-setting stereotypes.

How is journalism defined in university handbooks? A conceptual analysis of students’ literature, examples of Russia and Belarus

New generations of journalists get involved in their professional activity after years of studies in journalism schools or universities. Handbooks supporting their studies are rarely in the focus of researchers. However, the definition of journalism presented in such books, are usually recognised as the basis of this profession’s identification. In this article, 501 Russian handbooks and 135 Belarusian student books published between 1991 and 2020 are analysed as a conceptual source of the definition of journalism. Concept-analysis (as a part of a cognitive linguistic approach) is applied to the data: each definition is interpreted as a set of ‘semantic quanta’ organised in the core-peripheric field (‘sphere’). This helps find an implicit ‘cognitive formula’ of journalism in post-Soviet countries journalism education and enables to identify its dynamics and stabilisation. In Russian handbooks, journalism is represented and defined as a regular system with institutional mechanisms (‘a news producing plant’), and in Belarusian student books, it is considered as individual art-literary writing (‘personal creativity’).

University accreditations and publication of articles on education in Spain (Acreditaciones universitarias y publicación de artículos sobre educación en España)

ABSTRACT In recent years, Spain has been far and away the leader in records of publications on education in indexed international journals. For several years, the accreditation requirements of university professorates have included publications on education in indexed journals. This study reports that Spain’s leadership in publications on education dovetails in time with the inclusion of these requirements in the regulations on access to the university professorate. Likewise, the number of education journals headquartered in Spain was also analysed, and significant increases have been found in the number of these journals during the period analysed; Spain is ranked near the top worldwide on this indicator as well. The main conclusion of this study is that the requirement to publish on teaching in the university professorate accreditation processes in recent years has significantly influenced the publication figures in indexed journals as well as the number of indexed journals headquartered in Spain.

Going Mobile in Journalism Education

The proliferation of mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets with powerful audio-video features, image and video editing apps, and powerful sharing tools has served as catalyst for the deployment of mobile devices in both journalism education and practice around the world. A survey of mass communication students has revealed strong passion for mobile journalism as a professional career path. Respondents noted that mobile devices loaded with relevant apps carry an advantage over traditional cameras in terms of enabling video editing, mobility, and sharing when compared to standard cameras. The writers argue that mobile devices hold a huge promise for both journalism teaching and practice because of their ubiquity, mobility, multifunctionality, networkability, and professional output. On the other hand, the writers see some challenges in this area when it comes to public perceptions of professional journalism as based on ‘professionally-oriented' rather than ‘consumer-oriented' production gear and slow software enhancement by both device makers and app developers.

Fact-Checking and Information Verification in the Context of Journalism Education

The article, being a part of a major study into fake news phenomenon, fact checking and information verification, analyzes the issues related to journalism education in the context of the increasing amount of fake news. The topicality of the study is determined by the fact that journalism education is failing to comply with the ever-changing requirements of the mass media market. Moreover, in the current era of information wars, post-truth, and social media regarded as sources of news, teaching future journalists to check facts and verify information is one of the primary demands of the mass media market. The study involved interviewing lecturers, students and specialists in media industry; the original results of the study add to its scientific novelty. The authors aimed at searching for cutting-edge practices to train skills of fact checking and verification. The results of the study indicate the necessity of introducing these practices into the academic process of training journalists, contribute to the research database in the field of journalism and the education, and provide for bridging the gap between universities and the media in terms of professional requirements for journalists.