Journalistic Style Research Articles

Language of Józef Piłsudski’s texts: Walka rewolucyjna w zaborze rosyjskim. Fakty i wrażenia z ostatnich lat dziesięciu (Revolutionary fight under the Russian rule. Facts and impressions over the last ten years

Walka rewolucyjna w zaborze rosyjskim. Fakty i wrażenia z ostatnich lat dziesięciu (Revolutionary fight under the Russian rule. Facts and impressions over the last ten years) is a memorial feature article by Józef Piłsudski presenting the preparation, print, and distribution of the Polish Socialist Party’s underground pamphlets that were illegal under the Russian rule. The text is written in standard general Polish of the turn of the 20th century with a minor share of north borderland regionalisms, idiolectisms, and historisms. The style of the work combines “facts and impressions”, that is a realistic narration with a fictionalised description of various events related to the distribution of underground publications. The author of the feature article presents himself to the reader as an educated person using a language characterised by familiarity with the journalistic style. Keywords: Polish language of the turn of the 20th c. – general Polish language – written text – memorial feature article – idiolect – Józef Piłsudski

GI multisociety strategic plan on environmental sustainability.

GI multisociety strategic plan on environmental sustainability.

Performing journalism. Making sense of ethical practice within local interloper media

This paper explores the blurring boundaries between local journalism, strategic and marketing communications and civic information. The study at hand produces new knowledge regarding the conceptions and practices that are emerging in the middle ground between local journalism and communications. The data consist of 10 thematic in-depth interviews with writers, owners and other key personnel from Finnish local communications operations applying journalistic practices in their content production, conceptualised here as interloper media practitioners. By applying the concept of boundary work, the study sheds light on the discursive contest over the forms and vocabulary of journalism and news media. The study also explores the ethical guidelines interloper media apply and how their representatives reflect on their ethical code of practice. The results are condensed into five rationales the practitioners use to justify the legitimacy of the interloper media outlets and the use of journalistic methods in strategic or commercial communications and civic information. The practitioners experience the boundaries between journalism and various types of communications as blurring. They borrow and apply journalistic styles and ethical guidelines selectively to lend their media attractivity and credibility. They face ethical conflicts in their work particularly regarding their relationship to power holders and decision-makers. Yet a culture of profound ethical reflection is markedly absent from their accounts.

Mainstreaming communication of adaptation to climate change: Some initiatives from Central Africa

Despite its low carbon emission, Africa is one of the regions most impacted by the adverse effects of climate change. Because of its impacts on health, infrastructure, settlements, agriculture and food security, and forest ecosystems, climate change is an additional burden to sustainable development in Central Africa. As such, there is an urgent need to transfer lifesaving information about the environment and especially the effects and adaptation to climate change in the region. However, in a region where there is still a relatively high incidence of illiteracy, very localized languages and dialects and remote settlements, communicating information can be a challenge. In addition, communication schools and journalists are insufficiently equipped to respond to this demand. A survey in Cameroon revealed that journalists are faced with some challenges (such as lack of training and lack of resource persons) in covering environment topics, especially those related to forest and climate change adaptation. In order to address these challenges and contribute to the improvement of the journalistic style of reporting topics on forest and climate change adaptation with more scientific knowledge and to create a stronger scientific base of event coverage, pilot capacity-building initiatives were initiated with the specific objectives as follows: (1) training of journalists during workshops; (2) fellowships award for research activities to communication master students; (3) mentoring of senior and junior journalists and (4) open reflection on how to mainstream forests and adaptation to climate change in curricula of communication schools in Central Africa. This last initiative of mainstreaming forests and adaptation to climate change in the school curricula was seen as a possible sustainable way to promote scientific and environmental communication in Central Africa. These activities initiated by CIFOR (Center for International Forestry Research) under the framework of CoFCCA project (Congo Basin Forest and Climate Change Adaptation) were pilot initiatives aiming to inspire others on capacity building and research related to scientific and environmental communication in Central Africa.

Fraseological Units in English Discourse of Mass Media: Functional-Linguistic Analysis

This article is devoted to the study of the way phraseological units function in the English mass-media discourse. The choice of English-language journalistic texts as the object of the study is due to their prevalence and significance in the global information environment, the widespread use of phraseological units and idiomatic vocabulary in the media, as well as the significant pragmatic potential and multifunctionality of English-language phraseological units, which make up the arsenal of means for journalists to perform their key professional tasks. Based on the analysis of modern theoretical sources, the article investigates the issues of the functional and pragmatic nature of phraseological units, while specific empirical material of English-language media illustrates the selected functions of phraseolog- ical units, considered in their relation to the functions of media texts. The study also provides the functional analysis of the problems and features of the use of phraseological units. In addition, the author pays special attention to the connection of English-language phraseological units with the linguocultural worldview of native speakers, as well as the main characteristic features of the journalistic style of speech. The study confirms that most phraseological units are aimed at performing several tasks simultaneously within one text. Their use allows the producer of the mass-media discourse to bring the media text closer to the work of art in terms of style and language, providing it with emotional and evaluational information, to make the text more fascinating for the reader, to succinctly and convincingly express the thoughts and emotions of the journalist in relation to the subject described, as well as to convey various elements of a certain nation’s culture to the recipient.

Architectonics of the Kazakh official business style: features of written communication

The problems of functional stylistics have been comprehensively studied in Kazakh linguistics. The researchers focus mainly on the style of fiction and journalistic style and their genre branches. Among the classification of functional styles of the Kazakh literary language is also called "official style, the style of official office work". In the first works on functional stylistics, only simple types of official documents used in everyday labor relations are considered in these terms. This fact can be explained by the fact that in previous periods of the most complex official, legislative documents and their genre types were carried out in another language. In recent decades, along with everyday labor relations, texts of official content and their genre forms used in state internal and external management have increased to the maximum, and they have become more complicated in terms of the organization of language units. Complex forms of texts of official content, performing managerial, regulatory, directive, regulatory activities, had an official business content. Firstly, their architectonics have become stable. Secondly, the texts of the official content have become an important stylistic functionally significant type in the modern dynamics of the Kazakh literary language, reflecting changes in literary norms, the advantages of written communication. Thirdly, the methodology of teaching the Kazakh language is also oriented towards the architectonics of texts of official content. In connection with this, an official business style has been formed in a number of functional styles, so it is relevant to study its compositional integrity and compositional structure, the patterns of organization of individual linguistic units (architectonics), the place and role of this style in written communication. The article, based on the analysis of complex and important genre types of Kazakh official business style – legislative documents, defines the features of the language and style of texts of Kazakh official business content, their advantages in modern written communication.

Architectonics of the Kazakh official business style: features of written communication

The problems of functional stylistics have been comprehensively studied in Kazakh linguistics. The researchers focus mainly on the style of fiction and journalistic style and their genre branches. Among the classification of functional styles of the Kazakh literary language is also called "official style, the style of official office work". In the first works on functional stylistics, only simple types of official documents used in everyday labor relations are considered in these terms. This fact can be explained by the fact that in previous periods of the most complex official, legislative documents and their genre types were carried out in another language. In recent decades, along with everyday labor relations, texts of official content and their genre forms used in state internal and external management have increased to the maximum, and they have become more complicated in terms of the organization of language units. Complex forms of texts of official content, performing managerial, regulatory, directive, regulatory activities, had an official business content. Firstly, their architectonics have become stable. Secondly, the texts of the official content have become an important stylistic functionally significant type in the modern dynamics of the Kazakh literary language, reflecting changes in literary norms, the advantages of written communication. Thirdly, the methodology of teaching the Kazakh language is also oriented towards the architectonics of texts of official content. In connection with this, an official business style has been formed in a number of functional styles, so it is relevant to study its compositional integrity and compositional structure, the patterns of organization of individual linguistic units (architectonics), the place and role of this style in written communication. The article, based on the analysis of complex and important genre types of Kazakh official business style – legislative documents, defines the features of the language and style of texts of Kazakh official business content, their advantages in modern written communication.

Tidak pasti, jangan kongsi!! Secret Sauce for Success in Media Literacy Is Crucial in Battling Fake News

Today, social media are frequently associated with the propagation of defamation, which is believed to impact society negatively. Most of this fake news originates via Whatsapp, Twitter, and Telegram applications, indicating that this social media facility that facilitates the transmission of fake news continues to exist.This study aims to explore and understand the style of news writing in preventing fake news on digital media platform devoted to news literacy from the perspective of a media practitioner. The debate will focus mostly about fake news and the appropriate journalistic methodology for reporting on digital news sites. Identifying the factors that influence the evolution of the style of journalism on digital media is a further crucial endeavour. The objectives of the study were achieved through the use of semi-structured qualitative interviews. In-depth interviews were conducted with ten media professionals until the data set was saturated. According to the findings of the study, data journalism is the news writings styles that can aid in the prevention of “fake news” in digital media. In addition, research demonstrates that data journalism is characterised by data capture, graphics, and visualisation. This study seeks to contribute to the existing body of knowledge by demonstrating how the expansion of journalistic style on online news websites has made new journalistic practises relevant.

FEATURES OF THE ANNOUNCEMENT AS A SPEECH GENRE OF INTERNET DISCOURSE

The article considers the speech genre of the announcement as a manifestation of the category of information in the discourse of social networks. The announcements of music groups are analyzed and the linguistic means of influence in the announcements are proved. The main groups of language means are distinguished: graphic, lexical-semantic and stylistic. The main graphic means of language influence in the announcement are abbreviations, numerals and foreign language inclusions. Of the lexical and semantic means of influence, the most widely presented in the news announcement are emotionally expressive vocabulary and one's own name. Syntactic features are due to the journalistic style of speech: mostly simple sentences are used. It is substantiated that multimedia is a characteristic feature of Internet communication, which provides polycoding of electronic announcements – the ability to transmit information not only through verbal text, but also with the use of nonverbal means.

“Nevertheless, “Dim” Is Coming”: Extracts from an Article by M. Kutorga in F. M. Dostoevsky’s Manuscripts

“A Writer’s Diary” is an example of the unique journalistic style of Dostoevsky, who worked in many journalistic genres, including political review. The writer analyzed current domestic and international events, relying on a large volume of the metropolitan, provincial and foreign press, as well as appealing to examples from distant and recent history. Extracts from an article by the Russian antiquarian M. S. Kutorga, found in the working materials for “A Writer’s Diary” for 1876, are a vivid example of such appeals. Dostoevsky is interested in the thoughts of Plato and Aristotle cited by Kutorga about tyranny, democracy, monarchy, oligarchy, and also about Solon’s reforms. This article provides a factual and textual commentary on the extracts, determines their connection with the contents of the 1875–1876 notebook. The facts of ancient history, interpreted by the ancient Greek philosophers and, subsequently, by the Russian historian, resonate with the historiosophical concept of Dostoevsky, who defends the monarchical and Orthodox positions.

DeepType 2: Superhuman Entity Linking, All You Need Is Type Interactions

Across multiple domains from computer vision to speech recognition, machine learning models have been shown to match or outperform human experts at recognition tasks. We lack such a comparison point for Entity Linking. We construct a human benchmark on two standard datasets (TAC KBP 2010 and AIDA (YAGO)) to measure human accuracy. We find that current systems still fall short of human performance. We present DeepType 2, a novel entity linking system that closes the gap. Our proposed approach overcomes shortcomings of previous type-based entity linking systems, and does not use pre-trained language models to reach this level. Three key innovations are responsible for DeepType 2's performance: 1) an abstracted representation of entities that favors shared learning and greater sample efficiency, 2) autoregressive entity features indicating type interactions (e.g. list type homogeneity, shared employers, geographical co-occurrence) with previous predictions that enable globally coherent document-wide predictions, 3) the entire model is trained end to end using a single entity-level maximum likelihood objective function. This is made possible by associating a context-specific score to each of the entity's abstract representation's sub-components (types), and summing these scores to form a candidate entity logit. In this paper, we explain how this factorization focuses the learning on the salient types of the candidate entities. Furthermore, we show how the scores can serve as a rationale for predictions. The key contributions of this work are twofold: 1) we create the first human performance benchmark on standard benchmarks in entity linking (TAC KBP 2010 and AIDA (YAGO)) which will be made publicly available to support further analyses, 2) we obtain a new state of the art on these datasets and are the first to outperform humans on our benchmark. We perform model ablations to measure the contribution of the different facets of our system. We also include an analysis of human and algorithmic errors to provide insights into the causes, notably originating from journalistic style and historical context.

COGNITIVE PECULIARITIES OF METAPHORS IN ENGLISH AND AZERBAIJANI PUBLICISTIC TEXTS

The article discusses metaphor, metaphorical transfer and pragmatic features in English and Azerbaijani publications. The article states that in cognitive linguistics, they have increasingly resorted to metaphors in recent years. This type of metaphor, often mentioned in stylistic and rhetoric, appears as a result of complex mental processes that are the focus of cognitive linguistics. In all cases, metaphorism is creativity. The transfer of our language in the vocabulary includes both mental and physical subjects. Metaphorical transfers refer to mental transfers and are abstract in nature. The transfer mechanism is such that the sign of one of the two objects close to each other is transferred to the other. In this process, of course, at first glance, a logical discrepancy catches the eye, despite the fact that there is a very strong logic in this illogicality. In political and journalistic styles, there are many metaphors of this kind, in which, despite the preservation of imagery, metaphoricity has practically disappeared. In theoretical linguistics, these metaphors are called erased. In order for them to appear, they should be widely developed and activated in the appropriate language. Metaphorical erasure is the next process. The result is the creation of new shades of meaning in these tokens.

W.F. Deacon and his Revision of Romanticism in Warreniana through Literary Parody and Advertising Campaigns to Promote Blacking

This study aims to reassess William Frederick Deacon (1799-1845) and his work Warreniana (1824) by demonstrating that although it is a work of textual parody, its apparent triviality conceals a sophisticated exercise in literary criticism, constituting a valuable contemporary commentary on Romanticism. The collection presents a witty and sophisticated exercise in criticism of the literature and style of its period, being composed of texts attributed to a selection of Romantic authors supposedly promoting a very trivial product: Warren’s blacking (shoe polish). Deacon thus acts as another Romantic critic, albeit a more original and unconventional one. Due to space constraints, this paper will focus only on the parody of the poetic style of British romantic authors. The parody of their journal style will be analysed in another article.

İklim Krizine Türk Medyası Çerçevesinden Bakmak

News is one of the most significant means that provides information to the public regarding the events that may affect them in modern societies. Especially in situations such as climate change, where its effects are felt globally and each individual must comply with the recommended measures, the news broadcast is of importance. The news based on the right sources and edited by expert journalists will contribute to the development of responsibility in this vital issue that will determine the future of the world. While preparing the news on this subject, many different actors such as scientists, artists and campaigns created by governmental institutions or civil initiatives, as well as journalists, determine how the climate crisis is expressed in the daily discourses. Therefore, the discourse constructed by the news frames also shapes the perceptions of the masses about the climate crisis. The framing of climate crisis news in terms of problems, solutions and levels of responsibility is of great importance both for the determination of individual and social reactions and for the realization of social responsibility and action. In this context, this study aims at understanding the content and production style of climate crisis journalism in Turkey in terms of the messages conveyed. The research focuses on mass media, which widely broadcast for the general audience in Turkey, and the news on the climate crisis in the online news sites will be analyzed in the context of news framing theory. Due to the fact that the online news is open to interaction and can be easily accessed by a wide range of audience, the news samples to be analyzed were determined by scanning online news sites.

PROVIDING A MODEL FOR EVALUATION THE PERFORMANCE OF OHS USING THE SAFETY SCORECARD METHOD - CASE STUDY OF GAS SUPPLY IN TEHRAN PROVINCE

سلامت کار ایران Iran Occupational Health (IOH) seeks to publish Original Research Papers and Case Reports, Review Articles and Technical Reports related to the fields of Public Health and Occupational Health particularly. IOH is an official publication of Iran University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Public Health and is published quarterly. The following guidelines refer to the Journal requirements for receiving your manuscripts for possible publication. Complying with guidelines will expedite the process of evaluation and publication of the submitted manuscripts. IOH regrets to reject those contributions that deviate from the Journal style.

Profesjonalizm dziennikarski polskich tygodników opinii w nagłośnieniu sprawy Władimira Putina

In 2018, another presidential election campaign took place in Russia, which was covered widely all over the world. The journalists’ interest was particularly focused on the figure of Vladimir Putin — an influential politician who arouses a lot of emotions and controversy in the political debate. With such a sensitive topic, the question of journalistic professionalism arises. Therefore, it is worth investigating how issues connected to Putin were addressed on the pages of Polish opinion weekly magazines — one of the most significant sectors of the printed media in Poland. The main research hypothesis was as follows: opinion weekly magazines with a centrist ideological profile demonstrate the highest level of journalistic professionalism in the coverage of Putin. In order to verify the hypothesis, the content of the following magazines was analyzed: Do Rzeczy, Gazeta Polska, Sieci, Tygodnik Powszechny, Newsweek, Wprost, Polityka and Przegląd. Only materials published between 1 October 2017 and 31 March 2018 were selected for the research. Th is article focuses on such aspects of journalistic professionalism as: the use of journalistic sources, objectivity, factuality, journalistic style. Attributes “assigned” by journalists to the President of Russia were also analyzed. The research did not confirm the original hypothesis, as right-wing and centrist magazines were characterized by a similar approach, which was different from that of left -wing ones.

СЛОВОТВІРНИЙ ПОТЕНЦІАЛ ДЕВЕРБАТИВІВ В ЄВРОІНТЕГРАЦІЙНОМУ ДИСКУРСІ: МОРФОНОЛОГІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article is devoted to the study of the derivational potential of verb derivatives in the European integration discourse. This study identifies and characterizes the word-forming and morphonological features of verb derivatives at the explicit and implicit levels in Ukrainian scientific and journalistic texts related to the European integration of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to analyze the morphonological-formative word-forming markers of verb derivatives in texts related to the European integration of Ukraine. The relevance of the topic is determined by the in-depth and comprehensive study of the European integration issues in Ukraine within texts of various styles, both explicitly and implicitly, in Ukrainian scientific and journalistic texts, focusing on the word-forming and mornophonological aspect. The texts dedicated to the European integration of Ukraine present productive types of deverbatives of substantive, verbative and adjectival blocks. The analysis of morphonological-formative word-forming markers of verb derivatives provides a description of the morphonological facts of deriving words using morphonological rules. The texts predominantly feature derivational and stylistic means characteristic of the modern Ukrainian language. Word formation of deverbatives in the European integration texts reflects the tendencies of intellectualization and democratization as factors of language development. The functioning and active usage of verb derivatives in the European integration discourse is explained by taking into account the societal needs for nominating processes, objectified actions, and phenomena with pragmatic orientation, as well as their utilization in scientific and journalistic styles. The narratives of the linguistic markers on social networks regarding the European integration of Ukraine mostly coincide with the narratives of the Ukrainian official media.

Метафора «золотой мешок» в «Дневнике писателя» Ф. М. Достоевского

The article is devoted to the peculiarity of artistic expression of the theme of money in “A Writer’s Diary” by F. M. Dostoevsky. The article indicates that Dostoevsky’s journalistic style is characterized by the use of metaphor as an artistic term that can accurately designate the phenomena of current reality and give them a social, cultural or philosophical interpretation. Such metaphorical concepts (“soil,” “earth,” “roots,” “golden age,” “golden bag,” etc.) in the writer’s journalism usually grow out of stable ideologemes, idioms or mythologemes universal for Russian culture, but acquire new meanings. The author of the article determines that the metaphor “golden bag” is used in those essays of “A Writer’s Diary” which discuss the problem of the cult of material goods, which penetrated all strata of Russian society of the 1870s. Dostoevsky, appealing to the well-known idiom “golden bag,” starts from its fixed definition of a “very rich man,” creates a metaphorical image of money, profit and greed, gaining power over modern man, then synonymously brings us closer to the idiom of the “golden calf,” which is not represented in “A Writer’s Diary.”

A Study on the Relationship between Journalism and Feminism in Britain

This paper aims to analyze the relationship between journalism and feminism in Britain and find out whether journalism became feminized over time by discussing how women engaged in the newsroom and the orientation of feminine feature in journalism in different stages. This essay adopted the historical approach and consisted of three parts. The first two parts reviewed the development of the female newspaper and broadcasting journalists in the initial stage and post-war period, and then the following paragraph discussed the overall situation of female journalists in contemporary British society. By analyzing the development of female journalists and their journalistic style in history, the trend of journalism would be revealed, as well as whether the influx of female journalists had made journalism became feminized over time in Britain.

ON THE LANGUAGE OF NOTEBOOKS AS A POSSIBLE SOURCE OF CONCEPTS OF STYLISTICS IN THE BACHELOR’S DEGREE LEVEL OF STUDY

Based on Yu. Chernichenko’s texts, the article examines the features of the language of notebooks as a genre that is not often used for analysis in the study of stylistics, primarily functional, in the process of preparing a bachelor- philologist, a teacher of Russian language and literature at a university. The texts of the notebooks are interpreted by researchers in different ways: as an integral part of the author’s work, including in a journalistic style, the au- thor’s statements Homo memor, the written implementation of the conversational style, the documentary genre, etc. The goal is to show gravity on the material of one of the published records of Yu. Chernichenko – his attraction to journalism, in order to expand the students’ ideas about the possibilities of implementing the newspaper-journalistic style, designed to express the position of the author by various resources.