Journal Of Experimental Social Psychology Research Articles

Advancing advocacy communication theory: a theory grounded in undocumented college students’ motivations and strategies for challenging oppression

ABSTRACT Undocumented college students experience a myriad of stressors (e.g. fear of deportation, limited access to educational resources; Enriquez, Morales Hernandez & Ro. 2018. Deconstructing immigrant illegality: A mixed-methods investigation of stress and health among undocumented college students. Race and Social Problems, 10(3), 193–208. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12552-018-9242-4) because of systemic oppression, and they often engage in various advocacy efforts to challenge those oppressive systems. Although different persuasion (e.g. Reasoned Action Approach, Anger Activism Model; Fishbein & Ajzen. 2010. Predicting and changing behavior: The reasoned action approach. Psychology Press; Turner. 2007. Using emotion in risk communication: The anger activism model. Public Relations Review, 33(2), 114–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2006.11.013) and social movements theories (e.g. Mass Society Theory; Theory of Relative Deprivation; Bernstein & Crosby. 1980. An empirical examination of relative deprivation theory. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 16(5), 442–456. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(80)90050-5) can describe why minoritized group members advocate on behalf of their ingroup, these theories primarily focus on traditional advocacy efforts. rather than representing advocacy as multidimensional. Consequently, this paper introduces Advocacy Communication Theory (ACT), which argues that advocacy communication is a complex and multidimentional process consisting of advocacy strategies at the individual, interpersonal, community, organizational, and policy levels. ACT also identifies predictors of advocacy communication by drawing from communication and psychological factors, and it discusses the potential health implications associated with engaging in advocacy communication.

Why We Hate‐Watch: The Role of Nostalgia and Investment in WWE Viewership

Why We Hate‐Watch: The Role of Nostalgia and Investment in <scp>WWE</scp> Viewership

Cognitive Control and the Implicit Association Test: A Replication of Siegel, Dougherty, and Huber (2012)

The implicit association test (IAT) is widely used to measure evaluative associations towards groups or the self but is influenced by other traits. Siegel, Dougherty, and Huber (2012, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology) found that manipulating cognitive control via false feedback (Study 3) changed the degree to which the IAT was related to cognitive control versus evaluative associations. We conducted two replications of this study and a mini meta-analysis. Null-hypothesis tests, meta-analysis, and a small telescope approach demonstrated weak to no support for the original hypotheses. We conclude that the original findings are unreliable and that both the original study and our replications do not provide evidence that manipulating cognitive control affects IAT scores.

ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗНАЧУЩОСТІ САМООЦІНКИ В СТРУКТУРІ ГІДНОСТІ ОСОБИСТОСТІ

ТЕОРЕТИЧНИЙ АНАЛІЗ ПРОБЛЕМИ ЗНАЧУЩОСТІ САМООЦІНКИ В СТРУКТУРІ ГІДНОСТІ ОСОБИСТОСТІ

Of unbiased beans and slanted stocks: Neutral stimuli reveal the fundamental relation between political ideology and exploratory behaviour.

Fiagbenu et al. (2019, British Journal of Psychology) questioned the nature and extent of ideological differences in learning and behaviour documented by Shook and Fazio (2009, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 45, 995). We correct a mischaracterization in their depiction of Shook & Fazio's research, and in doing so, we outline why the original findings represent domain-general ideological differences in attitude-formation processes, rather than simple differences in responses to physical threat. We also report new data that suggest a potential mechanism for the authors' findings and further highlight the importance of novel, ideologically neutral stimuli when examining fundamental psychological differences between liberals and conservatives.

Performa Punch: Subverting the Female Aggressor Trope

Performa Punch: Subverting the Female Aggressor Trope

Construal Level Research in Decision Making: Analysis and Pushing Forward the Debate Using Bibliometric Review and Thematic Analysis

This study examines the extant literature on Construal Level Theory through bibliometric analysis that traces the path of research from 1998 to November 2019. It uses the Scopus database to identify emerging trends, seminal and most-cited papers, authors, universities, and countries that contributed to the development of the theory. A total of 680 papers from 1445 authors, were published in as many as 322 journals. The results indicate that ‘Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,’ ‘Journal of Personality and Social Psychology,’ and ‘Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin,’ were the three most productive sources of knowledge for this theory. The results show that over time, the discussion has progressed from theory to application in different areas of decision sciences, psychology, and management with a recent trend towards application in sustainability. This is the first literature review that has been conducted on the Construal Level Theory using bibliometric analysis. This study attempts to describe, explore possibilities, and provide a roadmap for future research in this field.

Call for Papers: “What Drives Second- and Third-Party Punishment? Conceptual Replications of the ‘Intuitive Retributivism’ Hypothesis”

Call for Papers: “What Drives Second- and Third-Party Punishment? Conceptual Replications of the ‘Intuitive Retributivism’ Hypothesis”

Competitive victimhood as a lens to reconciliation: An analysis of the black lives matter and blue lives matter movements

AbstractLiterature on intergroup conflict and identity is well established; this literature includes work on competitive victimhood—the process by which groups attempt to establish that they have suffered more than opposing groups (Noor et al., Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2012, 16(4), 351–374) to restore feelings of moral identity, or cache often for use in a political context (Sullivan et al., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2012, 102(4), 778). Within prior work on competitive victimhood, models of reconciliation based on the particular needs and identities established within the competitive victimhood dynamic have also been posited (SimanTov‐Nachlieli et al., European Journal of Social Psychology, 2015, 45(2), 139–145; Shnabel et al., Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 2013, 49(5), 867–877). While competitive victimhood theory has been applied in prior work to several cross‐national settings, there exist other important areas of intergroup tension that have not been explored. We propose that the concept of competitive victimhood can be fruitfully used to understand movement‐countermovement dynamics, including those related to conflictual race relations in the United States. Specifically, this article will examine the dynamic between the movements “Black Lives Matter” and “Blue Lives Matter” as a salient paired research case of a movement and countermovement for investigating identity and victimhood. In our present article, we map the discourse of the Black and Blue Lives Matter movements as illustrations of collective victimhood (Schori‐Eyal et al., Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2014, 44(12), 778–794) and competitive victimhood (Noor et al., Personality and Social Psychology Review, 2012, 16(4), 351–374). We find that while both movements demonstrate competitive victimhood, they are also qualitatively different. Due to differences in threat, power, and history of those the movements advocate for, each movement demonstrates different needs (Burton, Conflict: Human needs theory, Springer, 1990). We posit that the identity dynamics of competitive victimhood within social movements specifically lead to important and different identity needs for agency and morality (Shnabel &amp; Noor, in Restoring civil societies: The psychology of intervention and engagement following crisis (pp. 192–207), Wiley‐Blackwell, Chichester, England, 2012). We examine what these differences would mean in these particular movements, as well as for potential avenues of community building based on addressing these needs. In all cases, we aim to show that what has largely been considered a criminal justice phenomenon in the United States is fundamentally political, with roots and possible solutions in intergroup identity dynamics that can be fruitfully explored within political psychology.

Guilt as a signal informing us of a threat to our morality

Some studies have shown the possibility that people feel guilt not only due to interpersonal problems but also when experiencing threats to their own internal morality (e.g. Eskine et al. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(5), 947-950, 2013), whereas other studies have shown that guilt-induced behaviours can restore individuals’ sense of moral person (e.g. Gneezy et al. Management Science, 58(1), 179–187, 2012; Zhong et al. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 46(5), 859–862, 2010). These findings suggest that guilt can strongly reflect how much individuals deviate from what they perceive to be adequate moral person. Therefore, we proposed that guilt works as an alert system that signals people about threats to their morality. We used the Implicit Association Test (Greenwald et al. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(6), 1464-1480, 1998) to investigate if an individual’s moral self decreased in the situation where that individual felt guilt. Results showed that implicit moral self in the guilt condition was lower than that in the control condition when controlling for individual variation in moral self. Our findings provide a new perspective on the function of guilt and generate new hypotheses about the relationship between guilt and behaviours.

The MTurkification of Social and Personality Psychology.

The potential role of brief online studies in changing the types of research and theories likely to evolve is examined in the context of earlier changes in theory and methods in social and personality psychology, changes that favored low-difficulty, high-volume studies. An evolutionary metaphor suggests that the current publication environment of social and personality psychology is a highly competitive one, and that academic survival and reproduction processes (getting a job, tenure/promotion, grants, awards, good graduate students) can result in the extinction of important research domains. Tracking the prevalence of brief online studies, exemplified by studies using Amazon Mechanical Turk, in three top journals ( Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Journal of Experimental Social Psychology) reveals a dramatic increase in their frequency and proportion. Implications, suggestions, and questions concerning this trend for the field and questions for its practitioners are discussed.

Direct replications of Ottati et al. (2015): The earned dogmatism effect occurs only with some manipulations of expertise

The Earned Dogmatism Hypothesis is that social norms entitle experts to behave in a close-minded fashion, and therefore that manipulations which increase perceived expertise reduce open-minded cognition. This manuscript reports direct replications of three key experiments reported by Ottati et al. 2015 in this journal in support of the Earned Dogmatism Hypothesis. Consistent with the original findings, it was found that dogmatic behavior is considered substantially more appropriate for experts relative to novices (d=0.45 [0.35, 0.55] over all replications and original study). In addition, it was confirmed that when participants envision themselves as experts they predict they will be more close-minded (d=−0.54 [−0.64, −0.44]). Unfortunately, replications involving manipulation of expertise through task difficulty showed little to no effect on open-minded cognition (d=0.00 [−0.21, 0.21] for easy/difficult recall task; d=−0.02 [−0.21, 0.17] for easy/difficult trivia task). The balance of evidence suggests that the Earned Dogmatism Hypothesis is currently well-supported only for prospective manipulations of expertise that require participants to predict their social behaviors. [Ottati, V., Price, E. D., Wilson, C., & Sumaktoyo, N. (2015). When self-perceptions of expertise increase closed-minded cognition: The earned dogmatism effect. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 61, 131–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2015.08.003].

Introduction to Special Issue: The Habit-Driven Consumer

Introduction to Special Issue: The Habit-Driven Consumer

Towards a Replicable and Relevant Social Psychology

Towards a Replicable and Relevant Social Psychology

Synthesis in Action: Response to Chen and Adamson

Academy of Management ReviewVol. 40, No. 3 DialogueSynthesis in Action: Response to Chen and AdamsonSarah HarveySarah HarveyUniversity College LondonPublished Online:12 Jan 2015https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2014.0555AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsDownload CitationsAdd to favoritesTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail View articleREFERENCESAstley W. G. 1985. The two ecologies: Population and community perspectives on organizational evolution. Administrative Science Quarterly, 30: 224–241. Google ScholarChen J., Adamson C. 2015. Innovation: Integration of random variation and creative synthesis. Academy of Management Review, 40: 000–000. Google ScholarDiehl M., Stroebe W. 1987. Productivity loss in brainstorming groups: Toward the solution of a riddle. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 53: 497–509. Google ScholarHarvey S. 2014. Creative synthesis: Exploring the process of extraordinary group creativity. Academy of Management Review, 39: 324–343.Link , Google ScholarHarvey S., Kou C. Y. 2013. Collective engagement in creative tasks: The role of evaluation in the creative process in groups. Administrative Science Quarterly, 58: 346–386. Google ScholarRietzschel E. F., Nijstad B. A., Stroebe W. 2006. Productivity is not enough: A comparison of interactive and nominal brainstorming groups on idea generation and selection. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 42: 244–251. Google ScholarVan de Ven A. H., Poole M. S. 1995. Explaining development and change in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 20: 510–540.Link , Google ScholarFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Vol. 40, No. 3 Permissions Metrics in the past 12 months History Published online 12 January 2015 Published in print 1 July 2015 Information© Academy of Management ReviewDownload PDF

Why “belief” is hard work

Comment on Luhrmann, Tanya. 2012. When God talks back: Understanding the American Evangelical relationship with God. New York: Alfred E. Knopf.

Construal levels and moral judgment: Some complications

AbstractEyal, T., Liberman, N., &amp; Trope, Y., (2008). Judging near and distant virtue and vice. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 44, 1204–1209, explored how psychological distance influences moral judgment and found that more extreme moral appraisals were given to distal behaviors rather than proximal behaviors. Contrary to Eyal et al., the current paper presents converging evidence showing that moral judgments become more extreme at lower-level construals compared to higher-level construals. In four experiments using two different priming techniques, we manipulated construal levels and assessed their effects on moral judgment. High-level consturals elicited less moral outrage toward transgressions and less positive ratings of virtuous behaviors than low-level construals. A replication study was also conducted to reconcile the inconsistencies between the current results and those of Eyal et al. Possible explanations for the different results between two studies are discussed.

Cheaper and Better: Why Scientific Advancement Demands the Move to Open Access Publishing

Once in a while, someone has the courage to stand up and say something that is obviously true but that, once it has been said out loud, changes things. After someone says the emperor has no clothes, the crowd can react to the absurdity of the situation. Brian A. Nosek and Yoav Bar-Anan’s article (this issue) speaks the truth about the archaic and inefficient system of journals and commercial publishers that we academics have been relying on for disseminating our work. Nosek and Bar-Anan describe the process by which commercial publishers exploit our volunteer labor as researchers, reviewers, and editors; claim copyright over our work; delay dissemination of the work; and then charge our own university libraries for access to it. Articulating it helps us realize that this process is absurd, and we can react. The days of our dependence on commercial publishers should be over. In the current system, universities and research institutions are both supply and demand: supplying resources and financial backing to professors and researchers as they write journal articles and then paying commercial publishers for access to those articles. That business model should be obsolete in a world where researchers can share their work by simply posting it online, costlessly. We, as scientists, have helped keep an archaic, exploitative, and inefficient system alive. Nosek and Bar-Anan have penned a persuasive entreaty for us to throw off the yoke of our exploiters. In doing so, we can also advance a fundamental goal that we all share: the speedy dissemination of scientific knowledge. They have painted a compelling vision of this future in which the most obvious beneficiary is the advancement of our science. The scientific utopia to which Nosek and Bar-Anan invite us would bring us closer to our scientific goals of wide and efficient dissemination, insightful and transparent review, broader and faster influence for our work, and more rapid scientific progress. What could get in the way of moving toward scientific utopia at full speed? Institutional inertia is probably the largest single reason. If the editorial team at well-respected journals decided to take their status, prestige, and wisdom and move en mass to a new online version of the same journal, they would undoubtedly take the paper submissions with them and effectively cut commercial publishers out of the picture. But getting the whole group to move requires work and a coordinated effort that few have the incentive to undertake. Our university libraries arguably have more incentive to enact change than editorial teams because libraries are the ones that directly pay the exorbitant subscription fees to journals (e.g., $1,165 for a 1-year subscription to the Journal of Experimental Social Psychology through Elsevier; the fees add up, and libraries spend millions of dollars on journal subscriptions each year). Indeed, university libraries have begun trying to nudge us toward open-access outlets for our work, but they could do more. As an essential early step, libraries should educate professors and researchers about the consequences of their choices (e.g., perpetuation of the dysfunctional status quo), and they should also work with our professional societies (e.g., the American Psychological Society, the Association for Psychological Science, and the Society for Personality and Social Psychology) to support open access journals. Currently, commercial publishers pay fees to professional societies, and, although the fees are modest, societies have come to depend on them. The fees may, in effect, be buying professional societies’ support for the current system. However, the nominal fees commercial publishers pay to professional societies are negligible compared to the fees that libraries pay to the commercial publishers for access to articles. Thus, it may be financially advisable for libraries to help wean professional societies from their addiction to fees from commercial publishers by giving some financial support to the societies. This exchange would make it easier for professional societies to move their flagship journals to open access formats. Short of such coordinated action to shift to open access outlets, we can take individual action. There are open access journals out there in every field, and when we can submit to them, we should. Publishing in open access journals is also a good bet, because even if those journals aren’t the most selective now, their status is likely to increase as more submissions move online. Open access facilitates dissemination, reading, citation, and influence. Some of these journals, such as Judgment and Decision Making (http://journal.sjdm.org/), do not charge submission or publication fees. Others, like PLoS, do, but this ought not to be an insurmountable obstacle to

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY: FALLING OUT OF FAVOUR

M Ena Inesi, Deborah H Gruenfeld and Adam D Galinsky, ‘How power corrupts relationships: Cynical attributions for others’ generous acts', Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 27 January 2012, http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/s002210311200011x

Caring for an ageing population

British Journal of Healthcare AssistantsVol. 5, No. 6 CommentCaring for an ageing populationTanis HandTanis HandSearch for more papers by this authorTanis HandPublished Online:16 Aug 2013https://doi.org/10.12968/bjha.2011.5.6.266AboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail View article References Dorling D (2011) How will we care for the centenarians of the future? The Guardian, 23 May 2011. http://tinyurl.com/BJHCAelderly (accessed 24 May 2011) Google ScholarEibach R, Mock SE, Courtney E (2010) Having a “Senior Moment”: Induced Aging Phenomenology, Subjective Age, and Susceptibility to Ageist Stereotypes. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology. 46(4): 643–9 Crossref, Google ScholarOffice for National Statistics (2011) Fastest increase in the ‘oldest old’. http://tiny-url.com/BJHCAelderly3 (accessed 24 May 2011) Google ScholarRoss T (2011) OECD: huge elderly care bill threatens family ties. The Telegraph, 22 May 2011. http://tiny-url.com/BJHCAelderly2 (accessed 24 May 2011) Google ScholarWorld Health Organization (2011) Ageing. http://tiny-url.com/BJHCAelderly4 (accessed 24 May 2011) Google Scholar FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byCaring for stoma patients with arthritis and mental incapacities29 September 2015 | British Journal of Community Nursing, Vol. 20, No. 10 1 June 2011Volume 5Issue 6ISSN (print): 1753-1586ISSN (online): 2052-4420 Metrics History Published online 16 August 2013 Published in print 1 June 2011 Information© MA Healthcare LimitedPDF download