Behavioral Science Journals Research Articles

Transparency and reproducibility in the journal of contextual behavioral science: An audit study

Increasing openness, transparency, and reproducibility in contextual behavioral science (CBS) through incorporating CBS-consistent open science practices was identified as a key aim of the ACBS Research Task Force. However, little data exist on the prevalence of open science practices currently being used in CBS research. This study aimed to address this gap by auditing the prevalence of open science and reproducibility practices in studies published in the Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science across 1 year, prior to the journal's adoption of open science recommendations (July 2020–July 2021). Aims of the study were twofold: first, to characterize current use of open science and reproducibility practices in JCBS to serve as a point for future comparison; second, to compare the rate of open science and reproducibility practices in JCBS, the flagship journal for contextual behavioral science, against two recently published audits of top clinical psychology journals. Domains audited were use of pre-registration, practices to ensure adequate power, data availability statements, use of standard reporting guidelines, preprints, conflict of interest statements, and resource and code sharing. Results indicated that studies published in JCBS had low rates of pre-registration, data availability statements, preprint posting, and resource and code sharing. Use of mandated standardized reporting guidelines and conflict of interest disclosures, both required by JCBS at the time of the audit, reflected relative strengths. Power for correlational studies was superior to power for experimental studies; the latter reflected a relative weakness compared to other clinical psychology journals. Rates of practices required by JCBS were significantly higher than those not required. JCBS may consider strongly encouraging or mandating other open science practices to incentivize researchers to use them.

Too Good to Be True: Bots and Bad Data From Mechanical Turk.

Psychology is moving increasingly toward digital sources of data, with Amazon's Mechanical Turk (MTurk) at the forefront of that charge. In 2015, up to an estimated 45% of articles published in the top behavioral and social science journals included at least one study conducted on MTurk. In this article, I summarize my own experience with MTurk and how I deduced that my sample was-at best-only 2.6% valid, by my estimate. I share these results as a warning and call for caution. Recently, I conducted an online study via Amazon's MTurk, eager and excited to collect my own data for the first time as a doctoral student. What resulted has prompted me to write this as a warning: it is indeed too good to be true. This is a summary of how I determined that, at best, I had gathered valid data from 14 human beings-2.6% of my participant sample (N = 529).

Systems of Oppression: The Impact of Discrimination on Latinx Immigrant Adolescents' Well-Being and Development.

With over 400 harmful immigration policy changes in the past 4 years, Latinx adolescents and families nationwide are developing within a context of extreme anti‐immigrant sentiment (Dismantling and reconstructing the U.S. immigration system: A catalog of changes under the Trump presidency, Migration Policy Institute, 2020). This paper introduces the Multitiered Model of Oppression and Discrimination (MMOD), a conceptual model for understanding the impacts of multiple levels of discrimination on the well‐being and development of Latinx immigrant adolescents. Interpersonal discrimination (Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 2010, 32, 259), community‐held stereotypes (Social Psychology of Education, 2001, 5, 201), institutional policies (Children and Youth Services Review, 2018, 87, 192), and structural practices (Journal of Criminal Justice, 2020, 66, 1) can negatively impact well‐being and development among these adolescents. Culturally sustaining interventions, civic engagement and mobilization, and policies targeting inequitable policies and practices will provide healing and an avenue for liberation.

Research on Suicide in Muslim majority countries: A bibliometric analysis

Abstract Objectives. A bibliometric analysis of suicide would identify the potential research gaps in Muslim majority countries. For that purpose, the present study reviews articles on suicide in Muslim majority countries. Methods. The Scopus database was searched to identify publications from inception to the search date using search terms. Results. The search identified 154 articles published from 1970 to 2022 with a recent increase in the number of papers. The highest number of papers was published from Iran (38), followed by Bangladesh (32) and Turkey (23). No studywas found from 28 Islamic States. The highest number of papers was published by the Aga Khan University of Pakistan, followed by the Enam Medical College and Hospital of Bangladesh and theTehran University of Medical Sciences. The greatest number of papers (n=9) was published in the Asian Journal of Psychiatry, followed by the Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (n=7), and the Crisis (n=5). Conclusion. This analysis revealed that there is an extreme dearth of research on suicide in Muslim countries becausemore than half of the countries do not have published articles listed in Scopus.

The State of AfroLatinxs in Latinx Psychological Research: Findings From a Content Analysis From 2009 to 2020.

This article presents a content analysis of empirical publications (i.e., quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods) regarding the inclusion of AfroLatinxs, and race-related factors in general, in two Latinx-focused psychology journals, Journal of Latinx Psychology and Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Science, between 2009 and 2020. We organized the articles into domains that were grounded in a framework that categorized race as a demographic category, from a cultural deprivation lens, a cultural difference lens, or a raced-based paradigm. In general, the results showed a major gap related to the inclusion of AfroLatinx in research studies, as less than 2% of articles across both journals included AfroLatinxs. Furthermore, we found most studies in this area are limited to sociodemographic self-reported race, the inconsistent use of race and skin color measures and a panethnic label to conceptualize race with Latinx populations. We give future research recommendations to explain the complexity of the Latinx population regarding race, and we provide insight into AfroLatinxs experiences.

Within Group Ethnic Diversity in Latinx Psychological Research: A Publication Analysis

Based on a population-representation approach using census data we explored the breadth of research in the Journal of Latinx Psychology ( N = 154) and Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences ( N = 94) with respect to distribution across states and nationality background of the Latinx’ samples. Over 90% of the empirical studies are based on Latinx samples within the US. Out of those, only 60% provided information specific enough to identify the ethnic background of the sample beyond Hispanic/Latinx or other vague descriptors (e.g., “multiethnic”). With 80% of the samples, Mexicans are overrepresented compared to the population statistics of (documented) Latinx in the US. Findings also reveal an overrepresentation of the Southwest region compared to the overall distribution of Latinx across the US. It is suggested that Latinx journals take a more active role in fostering publications of Latinx subpopulations which are often clustered in regions other than the Southwest.

Skin Color Matters in the Latinx Community: A Call for Action in Research, Training, and Practice

While skin color is relevant and important in the Latinx community, as it is associated with colorism, little is known about how often it is measured or the best way to measure it. This article presents results from two studies examining these key concerns in three prominent journals, where Latinx research is typically published (i.e., the Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, the Journal of Latinx Psychology, and Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology). Study one examined whether skin color was measured as a variable, and if so, what measures and methodologies were used. A review of articles ( n = 1,137) showed few studies measured skin color in these three journals, with studies that did so relying on various approaches. Study two aimed to assess the reliability of a widely used skin color measure, the Massey-Martin scale, also known as the New Immigrant Survey (NIS) Skin Scale. Using a sample of 169 undergraduate students, self-ratings, coder ratings, and in vivo ratings were obtained and compared. One-way random effects model analyses indicated excellent reliability with minimal variability across the various ratings. Our findings suggest a critical need to engage in a more concerted effort to assess and discuss the relevance and importance of skin color within the Latinx community. The authors offer some suggestions on how to facilitate these efforts in clinical, training, and research arenas.

The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science “The McGregor Best Paper Award 2019”

<i>The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science</i> “The McGregor Best Paper Award 2019”

ОСОБЛИВОСТІ СОЦІАЛЬНО-ПСИХОЛОГІЧНОЇ АДАПТАЦІЇ ОСОБИСТОСТІ ЮНАЦЬКОГО І ДОРОСЛОГО ВІКУ В НЕФОРМАЛЬНІЙ СУБКУЛЬТУРІ

У статті подано результати дослідження, які дозволяють розширити наукове розуміння адаптації та розглядати її не лише, як процес пристосування до нових обставин, а й як важливий процес особистісного зростання і розвитку. Презентоване дослідження мало на меті виявлення особливостей соціально-психологічної адаптації особистості юнацького та дорослого віку чоловічої й жіночої статі в неформальній субкультурі, порівняно з респондентами, які до неї не належать. Метод дослідження – опитувальник соціально-психологічної адаптації (СПА) К. Роджерса та Р. Даймонд. Вибірка складалася з юнацького і дорослого віку чоловічої й жіночої статі. За допомогою процедур рандомізації було створено дві групи респондентів, кожна з яких складалася зі 160 осіб, які були представниками, відповідно, неформальних і формальних груп.Розкрито результати вивчення інтегральної соціально-психологічної адаптації учасників неформальних і формальних груп та її окремих складників. За переважною більшістю складових соціально-психологічної адаптації, активні учасники неформальних угруповань мають вищі показники, порівняно з пересічними респондентами, зокрема, за шкалами «адаптивність», «прийняття себе», «емоційний комфорт», «внутрішній контроль», «прагнення до домінування», «конформність», «ескапізм», проте нижчі показники за шкалою «прийняття інших». Емпірично визначено вікові особливості соціально-психологічної адаптації, а, саме, труднощі й переваги перебігу адаптаційних процесів представників юнацького та дорослого віку, що належать/не належать до неформальних субкультур. Достовірно найбільш дезадаптивними є пересічні юнаки, порівняно з пересічними дорослими чоловіками (р≤0,05) і хлопцями-неформалами (р≤0,01). В юнацькому віці кращі адаптаційні властивості в неформальному субкультурному середовищі виявили хлопці, порівняно з дорослими чоловіками, а в дорослому – жінки, порівняно з юними дівчатами. Здійснено статеву диференціацію особливостей перебігу адаптації в юнацькому та дорослому віці, з урахуванням впливу на цей процес неформальної субкультури. Виявлено негативну вікову динаміку інтегральної адаптації у представників чоловічої статі та позитивну – у представниць жіночої статі, які належать до неформальної субкультури. Загалом юнаки й дорослі жінки є більш адаптивними, порівняно з юнками і дорослими чоловіками. Доведено, що активні учасники неформальних груп соціально і психологічно краще адаптовані до цих груп, порівняно з адаптацією учасників формальних груп.

Communication Climate as Predictor of Perceived Corporate Governance and Organizational Success

Communication Climate as Predictor of Perceived Corporate Governance and Organizational Success

Gauging the quality of behavioral science journals by using bibliometric indicators

This study aimed to gauge the quality of behavioral science journals on account of selected bibliometric indicators, namely Journal Impact Factor, Eigenfactor Score, CiteScore, SCImago Journal Rank; Source normalised impact per paper and H5-index. Also, to ascertain whether these indicators use as an alternative to each other for the assessment of the journals. 53 Journals from the behavioral science discipline have retrieved from Journals citation Report (JCR) of the Web of science. The JIF and ES metrics extracted from JCR, the metrics of CS, SJR and SNIP derived from Scopus and the metrics of H-Index managed from Google Scholar. The analysis has done by using IBM SPSS (21.0). Bivariate correlation coefficient has considered, a high Pearson's (r) found between JIF and SNIP (r = 0.928), while the lowest correlation recorded between JIF and H5 Value (r = 0.411). Spearman's (ρ) statistical correlation between JIF with CS shows maximum correlation, i.e. (ρ = 0.822), the minimum correlation recorded between JIF and H5-index ranks, i.e. (ρ= 0.664). The top five journals repeated in each indicator are "Trends in Cognitive Sciences", "Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews", "Behavioral and Brain Sciences", "Cortex" and "Appetite". The linear correlation observed in term of values and ranks of metrics of the indicators with the help of scatter plot hence concluded that the selected indicators could use as an alternative to each other.

Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science All in the Family: Parenting Style and Risk Behavior in College Students

Journal of Psychology and Behavioral Science All in the Family: Parenting Style and Risk Behavior in College Students Randall E. Osborne Abstract Since pioneering work by Baumrind in the 1970’s, researchers, educators and practitioners have attempted to delineate the impact of parenting style on children (e.g., Baumrind, 1971; 1993). Research suggests that parenting style has a significant impact on both attitudes and behaviors (Baumrind & Black, 1967). Since that time, many in-depth and comparative studies have been done assessing these effects and assessing the extent to which these effects differ depending on economic, ethnic, racial and cultural variables (e.g., Dixon, Graber & Brooks-Gunn, 2008; Dekovic&Jannsens, 1992). Parenting style may contribute to family dysfunction (see King, Vidourek&Merianos, 2016) and family dysfunction relates to risk-behavior in college students (e.g., Osborne 2019). The current study attempted to assess parenting style, elements of family dysfunction (Edinburgh Family Scale, Minuchin, Rosman & Baker, 1978) and risk behavior in college students (utilizing the Youth Risk Behavior Survey – CDC, 2017). As predicted, students who rated their parent(s) as authoritarian in style, also reported significantly higher levels of several elements of family dysfunction and reported higher levels of risk behavior in their first year of college than students reporting a more authoritative style of parenting. These effects differed somewhat for males and females. Full Text: PDF DOI: 10.15640/jpbs.v8n1a1

An Overview of the Research Reports on Addiction in Iranian Journals from 2010 to 2015.

BackgroundThe articles and research reports presented in the scientific journals are selected without a proper critical appraisal in many cases. This is a major problem, as it leads to the opinions of the experts being neglected in many of these scientific journals. A descriptive study was done in fall and winter of 2016.MethodsJournals were identified searching the electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, and national Persian databases of SID and Magiran. All the articles on addiction published in the time span of 2010-2015 in 8 psychiatry, psychology, and addiction journals were included in this study. The journals included Journal of Behavioral Sciences, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology, Journal of Fundamentals of Mental Health, and Journal of Research on Addiction in Persian, and Health and Addiction Journal, International Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Journal of Research in Behavioral Sciences, and International Journal of Psychological Studies in English. These journals were evaluated according to their research design and methodology, scientific writing style, and the validity of the references. For all of the 264 articles, the research design and references were thoroughly evaluated.FindingsThe most frequent problems were seen in the introduction section, the sampling method of study, the exclusive criteria, analysis, and the limitations of the study.ConclusionMajor deficiencies in the articles on addiction in Iranian journals were seen. It can be prevented by including important items in the checklists published by some of the journals for reviewers.

Assessment the Efficacy of Atomoxetine in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Background: Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are early onset conditions characterized by significant impairment in social interaction and communication. Objectives: The purpose of this study was the assessment of Atomoxetine effectiveness and tolerability in the treatment of autistic features in patients with ASD. Methods: A total of 44 children, aged 6 to 17 years, diagnosed with ASD, enrolled in a 8 week randomized clinical trial. The study conducted at the outpatient clinic of Ibne-sina hospital and Dr. Sheikh hospital affiliated to the Mashhad Medical University in Iran, between August 2015 to September 2016. Subjects were randomly allocated to Atomoxetine (0.5 to 1.2 mg/kg/day) plus risperidone or Placebo plus risperidone. The primary outcome was assessed by the childhood autism rating scale (CARS) and clinical global impression (CGI). Patients were evaluated at baseline, 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the administration of the drug. Mixed ANOVA test is used for the outcome of evaluation. The clinical trial registration number is: IRCT2016022826802N1. Results: Atomoxetine augmentation comparison to placebo augmentation showed significant improvement in global impression and severity index in CGI, and also in total score of CARS and 7 subscales of CARS including relationship to people, emotional response, body use, listening response, fear and nervousness, nonverbal communication, and activity level (all P value 0.05). The most common adverse effects of Atomoxetine were mood change, irritability, and GI disturbance. Conclusions: The results showed that Atomoxetine add-on therapy may be effective in symptoms of ASD while adverse effects tend to subside. The authors suggest further studies for clarifying this conclusion. ©2018, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.

Validity and Reliability of the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale-10 in Iranian Clinical Population

Background: Dysfunctional cognitions and attitudes about sleep are considered as one of the most important factors underlying insomnia. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the validity and reliability of the dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep scale-10 (DBAS-10) in an Iranian clinical population. Methods: The clinical sample consisted of 120 patients with insomnia disorder referred to the sleep disorders clinic at Baharloo hospital in Tehran in 2015. The control group (n = 120) included a community sample volunteered to participate in the study. Sleep Diary, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Insomnia Severity Index, Pre-Sleep Arousal Scale, and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Sacle-21, were used to assess concurrent validity. Test-retest and Cronbach' alpha were conducted to examine the reliability of the scale. Construct validity of the scale was investigated via confirmatory factor analysis. Results: The current study findings indicated that DBAS-10 had appropriate test-retest reliability (r = 0.83) and internal consistency (Cronbach' alpha = 0.82). Total score of DBAS-10 was significantly associated with PSQI (r = 0.34), ISI (r = 0.45), the cognitive subscale of PSAS (r = 0.36), and depression (0.34), anxiety (r = 0.34) and stress (r = 0.39) subscales of DASS-21. Factor analysis indicated that the Espie et al. (2000) model had significantly better fitness in comparison with the Edinger andWohlgemuth (2001) model. The cutoff point, sensitivity, and specificity of the scale were 6.7, 74.17 and 87.50, respectively. Conclusions: The Persian version of DBAS-10 had proper psychometric properties for Iranian clinical population. ©2018, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.

Family Caregivers Burden and its Related Factors Among Iranian Elderly Psychiatric Patients’ Caregivers

Background: Providing care for an old person with a psychiatric disorder is a long-term and stressful process exerting negative outcomes on the caregivers' physical, psychological, and social health. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine the burden among family caregivers of psychiatric elderly and its related factors. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 200 elderly psychiatric patients via convenient sampling, referring to the zare teaching psychiatric hospital of Sari, Iran. The sampling lasted from June tomid-November, 2015. Twoquestionnaires of demographics (the elderly and caregivers) and Zarit Burden Interview were used to collect the data. The data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, such as independent t-test, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Scheffe Post Hoc test. Results: The results indicated that the mean of the caregivers' age was 51.24 ± 12.16. Ninety-four percent of the caregivers were married, and 49 had higher diploma education. Sixty-seven percent reported average economic status. The findings showed 68 of caregivers came up with mild to severe burden. According to the demographics, the hours of care per week (P = 0.001) and having other psychiatric patients in the family (P = 0.006) were related to the burden. Conclusions: Significantly high caregivers' burden can overshadow the risk of low quality of care the psychiatric elderly patients and expose their caregivers' psychological health to danger. Thus, it seems that community-oriented interventions are required to reduce the burden and boost long-term quality of care by informal caregivers, such as patients' families. ©2018, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.

Protective Psychosocial Factors of Geriatric Depression in Community Dwelling Older Adults: A Review Article

Context: Depression is a major health problem in geriatric population and has many adverse consequences. The aim of this study was to review the existing literature on psychosocial factors that protect against depression in later life. Evidence Acquisition: A MEDLINE systematic search was done via Pubmed and Sciencedirect web pages to gather the published articles on psychosocial factors of late life depression First, the titles and abstracts reviewed and relevant articles were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Then full texts of the selected articles obtained, read, and data were extracted and categorized. Results: There were 204 articles on psychosocial factors of late life depression in community dwelling older adults and among them 29 articles included protective factors. Reading them carefully, protective factors were extracted and organized into 5 main categories: Demographic factors, psychological factors, social factors, health related factors and also spiritual factors. Conclusion: Psychosocial factors protecting older adults against depression are diverse. Identification of the modifiable ones and provision of appropriate interventions to enhance them, can be helpful in preventing geriatric depression. ©2018, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.

High-Risk Behaviors Among Regular and Casual Female Sex Workers in Iran: A Report from Western Asia

Background: Female Sex workers are at risk of obtaining sexually transmitted infections, particularly human immunodeficiency virus. Objectives: This study aimed at comparing the high-risk behaviours between regular and casual sex workers. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted on sex workers from February to December, 2015, in a city of northern Iran. The research recruited 184 sex workers, who had the inclusion criteria. Three sampling methods were used to recruit the subjects. The test was conducted at an error level of 5 using the SPSS software. Results: The average age of the casual sex workers (32.53±7.39) was older than that of regular sex workers, with a significant difference (P value > 0.05). A significant association was found between the 2 groups on the inconsistent use of condoms and working in brothels (P value > 0.05). The comparison of drug use before sex was not significantly different (P value < 0.05) between the 2 groups. Conclusions: It is very essential to organize peer groups for outreach services for sex workers, which could be more appropriate and consequently decrease the relevant damage in these groups. ©2018, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.

Effect of a Sex Education Program on Females’ Sexual Satisfaction During Pregnancy: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Changes in sexual relations are common during pregnancy. These changes may affect couples negatively regarding marital and sexual satisfactions. Objectives: The current study aimed at investigating the effect of a sexual counseling project on females' sexual satisfaction during pregnancy. Methods: The current randomized, clinical trial was performed on a sample of 60 pregnant females referred to the prenatal care clinic of Fatemieh hospital of Hamadan, Iran, in 2014. Females were assigned to the intervention and control groups. A 3-part instrument was used including a demographic information form, an inventory of changes in sexual activities during pregnancy, and the Linda Berg sexual satisfaction scale. The intervention group was divided into 3 subgroups of 10, and each subgroup participated in 4 weekly educational sessions. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test, the independent samples t test, and paired t test were used to analyze the data. Results: After education, excellent self-evaluation of the quality of sexual relations in the intervention group increased significantly (P < 0.001). The mean sexual satisfaction score of the intervention group significantly increased after the intervention compared with that of before intervention (68.32±12.0 vs. 66.24±12.32, P = 0.029). Among all variables, only the participants' education level had significant correlation with the effect of the intervention on pregnant females' sexual satisfaction. Conclusions: The sexual education program implemented in the current study could significantly increase the females' sexual satisfaction score in the intervention group. ©2018, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences.

A STUDY ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF WATER RESOURCES CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGY AND DOMESTIC WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT IN THE BUILDING DESIGN OF DR. HEINZ FRICK HOUSE IN SEMARANG AND TURI HOUSE IN SOLO

The objective of this study is to identify water conservation technology and domestic wastewater management in relation to building design. Water sanitation and conservation aspects were examined based on three parameters such as table checklist of Water as an Ecological Factor for a Sustainable Campus Landscape Journal of Procedia Social and Behavioral Science , method of DCBA Sustainable Housing in Indonesia and Greenship from Green Building Council Indonesia . Every parameter has benchmark that every building should attempt to fulfil as much as possible. This research used literature study, field survey, and interview with some relevant resource person to get relevant data based on related theories. The findings of the research found the values that indicate how far the implementation of water conservation technology and waste management in both research objects. Qualitative analysis is used to complete the three parameters of analysis and the quantity of water saving is also considered. Keywords : building, water contamination, water conservation, waste water management, building design . Â