English Journals Research Articles

Visualization of research in treatment of vascular dementia by CiteSpace

In light of the tremendous number of patients with vascular dementia in China, it is of great significance for the treatment of this disease to summarize related research focuses. In this study, articles on the treatment of vascular dementia, which were included in CNKI and Web of Science from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2021, were analyzed. Specifically, CiteSpace 5.7.R2 was employed to visualize nationalities of authors, author affiliations, authors, keywords, and journals, and dissect the status quo and trend of research on the treatment of this disease. On this basis, the research focuses and evolution were elucidated. The findings are expected to serve as reference for the future research. Finally, 2 579 Chinese articles and 453 English articles were included. The annual number of published articles showed an upward trend. Authors from China published most papers and England had the highest centrality value. HU Yue-qiang and LIU Cun-zhi respectively published the most Chinese and English articles. Guangxi University of Chinese Medicine and Capital Medical University respectively topped the author affiliations in the number of published Chinese and English articles. Among the English journals, Anal Biochem and Stroke separately boasted the highest centrality value and the highest cited frequency. The analysis of keywords in the Chinese articles suggested that most studies on the treatment of vascular dementia focused on the observation of patients' mobility after treatment. Moreover, as for the therapeutic method, western medicine, as well as the Chinese medicine and acupuncture frequently attracted the attention of scholars. Basic research highlighted the oxidative stress, angiogenesis, and apoptosis. According to the analysis result of keywords in English articles on treatment of vascular dementia, the focus was the improvement of the memory function of patients with vascular dementia. As to the therapeutic method, drug therapy was frequently studied compared with other methods. The basic research focused on autophagy, nerve regeneration, and oxidative stress. This study concludes that the future research trend might be the combination of Chinese and western medicine in the treatment of vascular dementia.

English Journal: Our Professional Community

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Syntactic structure and rhetorical combinations of Iranian English research article titles in medicine and applied linguistics: A cross-disciplinary study

This corpus-based cross-disciplinary study investigated the syntactic structures and rhetorical combinations of 200 research article titles in two disciplines, namely, medicine (100) and applied linguistics (100). The RA titles were selected from four reputable Iranian English journals. The authors were all Iranian researchers in these two disciplines. The titles were analyzed in light of Dietz taxonomy. First, the frequencies and percentages of each syntactic and rhetorical construction occurrence have been calculated. Next, the authors performed a t-test regarding title length and the chi-square test to decide whether syntactic or rhetorical construction is a discipline-specific convention. The findings revealed thatmedical titles were longer than the linguistic ones. The frequency and percentage of both single- and multi-unit RA titles were essentially the same in both disciplines. Concerning the syntactic components of single-unit RA titles, the most frequently used structure was the nominal construction, followed by verbal and prepositional ones. The most recurrent syntactic components of the nominal structure in both disciplines were post- and pre-modified, with medical titles overtaking the linguistic titles in all nominal categories. In terms of verbal constructions, the dominant structure in medicine was the full sentence, and in applied linguistics, gerund phrases. Regarding the rhetorical components of multi-unit RA titles, medical titles took precedence over the linguistic titles in using the topic method. The topic scope and topic description organization are mostly reported in applied linguistics titles. In this study, however, two new rhetorical combinations were identified. The chi-square test results only confirmed the verbal structures of single-unit and the rhetorical combinations of multi-unit RA titles as distinctive features for each discipline.

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE STUDENTS’ HABIT TO WATCH ENGLISH YOUTUBE CHANNEL AND THEIR SPEAKING SKILL

THE CORRELATION BETWEEN THE STUDENTS’ HABIT TO WATCH ENGLISH YOUTUBE CHANNEL AND THEIR SPEAKING SKILL

Defining and Measuring Child and Youth Thriving: A Scoping Review.

Promoting positive child and youth health and development requires clear definitions and comprehensive measures of child and youth thriving. The study's objectives were to identify the scope, range, and gaps in definitions and measures of thriving for children or youth (birth through young adult). Systematic searches of Pubmed, PsycInfo, Health and Psychosocial Instruments, Education Resources Information Center, and Scopus were conducted for articles that included definitions, conceptual frameworks, or measures of child and youth thriving. Inclusion criteria were that the articles: (1) provided a new definition or measure of child thriving, flourishing, or well-being; (2) focused on normally developing children 0 to 24 years old; and (3) were published between 2009 and 2022 in an English language peer-reviewed journal. Studies were categorized by child age, study type, population, and community-identified domains of thriving. Of the 14 920 articles identified, 113 met inclusion criteria: 34 unique definitions or frameworks, 66 validated measures, and 12 articles presenting both a framework and measure. One-third of the articles focused on early childhood (0-5 years old); 47% on middle childhood (6-11 years old); 72% on adolescence (12-17 years old), and 22% on young adults (18-24 years old). Current child thriving definitions, frameworks, and measures could be expanded in their coverage of age and key domains, such as racial equity and safety. Additional frameworks and measures focused on early childhood (0-5 years) and assessing thriving over time are needed.

Current state and the support system of athlete wellbeing in Japan: The perspectives of the university student-athletes.

The optimization of athletes’ wellbeing has been increasingly considered essential both in the academic and practical fields of high-performance sports. Various organizations, such as the International Olympic Committee, have highlighted its importance, particularly mental health. Moreover, the increased attention to athlete wellbeing in sport policy debates at the national level has led to the development and implementation of a support system for athletes’ mental wellbeing in some countries. Nevertheless, the literature is limited to understanding the case of Japan. Interestingly, only 0.8% of the literature is available on “athlete” and “wellbeing” in Japanese compared to English journals up to 2019. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify (a) the current state of wellbeing of Japanese university student-athletes, (b) the level of knowledge about athlete wellbeing, and (c) the athletes’ perception of the availability of wellbeing support in the national sports federations, (d) the athlete experience of support services, and develop the types of national support athletes expect and need from the government and national sports federations in the future. As a pilot study, a total of 100 Japanese university student-athletes (43 male, 57 female) from 17 Olympic and seven Paralympic sports completed an online survey. Consequently, the state of their wellbeing was self-perceived as good in all dimensions (i.e., physical, mental, educational, organizational, social, and financial). Moreover, the results showed low recognition of the term “athlete wellbeing” and a lack of knowledge of the availability and accessibility of appropriate support services. The results also showed that Japanese university student-athletes rarely seek help from experts, while 45% indicated “no one” to talk to. Interestingly, however, most athletes considered each dimension of wellbeing important in relation to their performance development. Based on the results, it is necessary to develop an education program, guidelines, and detection systems and improve information accessibility. Given that this pilot study’s validity, reliability, and feasibility were verified, further studies should focus more on the wellbeing of Japanese elite athletes in high-performance sports (i.e., Olympic and Paralympic athletes).

Specification of statistical graphics in medical research

Statistical graphics has a long history and is an important mean to present study design, analysis results and conclusions of medical research. A survey of statistical graphs of recent publications in Chinese and English academic journals shows that scientific and technical specifications of statistical graphics are still lacking. Based on the requirements of statistical graphics in prestigious medical journals (NEJM, Lancet, JAMA and The BMJ), this paper summarizes the technical requirements, key points of design of statistical graphs and practical conditions of common statistical graphs to provide reference for clinical researchers.

Propolis as Natural Product in the Oral Cavity Bacterial Infections Treatment: A Systematic Review

The up-to-date records show that approximately 10% of people worldwide suffer from periodontal diseases and about 50% of adults have some sort of moderate oral cavity disease. Therefore, oral cavity diseases represent the group of the most common chronic inflammatory diseases in the world. Thus, novel, natural, safe, and effective methods of treatment need to be found. In this study, a systematic search was performed in PubMed and Google Scholar up to March 2022 to select research evaluating the activity of propolis against bacteria responsible for oral cavity diseases. Peer-reviewed journals in English containing information about the in vitro and in vivo studies were included in our research. We excluded the records without access, written in another language than English, thesis or book chapters, and review papers, and we rejected the texts when the authors did not write about the antibacterial activity. Collected results of the inhibition zone as well as average MIC and MBC values indicated that propolis exhibits antimicrobial activity against the strains of bacteria which cause, e.g., periodontitis, gingivitis, caries, subgingival plaque, supragingival plaque, recurrent aphthous ulcers (RAS), and pharyngitis. However, before propolis can be commonly used, more research is needed to fully understand its composition and antibacterial mechanism of action.

Turkish Great Offensive in French and English Resources

In this paper, French and English sources about the Great Offensive and the Battle of the Commander-in-Chief were evaluated. The sources of the study are the British, American and French press of the period, as well as French and English articles, journals and books on the subject. The preparation stage for the Great Offensive and the Great Offensive and the Battle of the Commander-in-Chief constitute the boundaries of this study. The aim of the study is to reveal the narrative of the Great Offensive, which resulted in the great defeat of Greekwastan, which was on the side of the Allies, in the sources of the Allies. Comparative analysis method was preferred in the study. Accordingly, primarily news and articles from different sources on the subject were identified, and approaches in different sources related to the same development were revealed. Finally, the news determined were included in the scope of the study after being compared with the real situation by making use of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey Minutes, the news in the local press and archive documents. The most important possible findings of the study are that the information obtained by using the relevant sources contributes to the literature. It can be said that the British press mostly supported the Greeks from the beginning to the end of the Greek occupation. However, it should be noted that there are many unbiased news and comments in the British press. The French press mostly tried to remain impartial, and mostly news critical of the British were included. The American press has tried to present objective news to a large extent, excluding a small number of news for propaganda purposes.

Research Trends Regarding Language Development and Language Impairment of Infancy and Toddlerhood: From 2012 to 2021

Objectives: This study aims to examine Korean and English research trends regarding language development and language impairment, and to suggest future directions for later research. Methods: Sixty-five Korean research papers published in Communication Science &amp; Disorders and 129 English research published in the Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research were classified according to the subject, time dimension, observational method, independent variable, and dependent variable. The frequency and rate of publication of each type were yielded. Results: Nearly half of the subjects were typically developing toddlers, but there were some differences between the research in the two journals. Cross-sectional studies had higher rates in Korean research, and longitudinal studies had higher rates in English research. In Korean journals, most articles were descriptive studies, with very few experimental studies. In English journals, various independent variables were used relatively evenly, whereas the variables related to the characteristics of the subject were used at higher rates in the Korean journals. Both journals mostly used variables associated with expressive language as dependent variables. Conclusion: Although more research has been published and the types of studies have become more diverse than in the past, during the recent decade in Korea the amount and types of studies are limited when compared to English research. In this regard, this study discussed the direction in which future research related to infant language disorder should proceed.

К вопросу о жанровой системе англоязычного массмедийного нутриционального дискурса

The article is devoted to the analysis of the genre system of the mass media nutritional discourse with a special emphasis on texts dealing with the problem of healthy nutrition. The relevance of this study is due, on the one hand, to the significant growth and development of information technology and the significant role of modern media that influence all areas of society life, and on the other hand, the popularity of ideas and principles of proper nutrition. The purpose of this article is to consider the specifics of the genre space of the English mass media nutritional discourse, as well as to analyze the linguistic features of texts on healthy nutrition. The research material is texts on healthy nutrition published in English journals and posted on the Internet. Based on the results of the analysis of 1,500 mass media texts, and taking into account the subject of discussion, the pragmatics of messages, as well as the way information is represented, the author speaks about the existence of analytical and imperative genres within the mass media nutritional discourse. Analytical genres, which include reviews (food and dishes, cooking methods, etc.) and reports (results of scientific research, experiments, etc.) make up 43.5% of the sample material, they contain an analysis of a phenomenon, its justification and commentary. In turn, imperative genres represented by instructions, primarily culinary recipes, which account for 56.5% of the sample material, are characterized by a special nature and contain a clear algorithm of certain actions necessary for implementation. According to the results obtained, complex sentences, nominal forms and specialized vocabulary (terms, professionalisms, etc.) are common in analytical genres of mass media nutritional discourse, in turn, imperative genres are characterized by the frequency of use of verbal forms, emotional-evaluative vocabulary and expressive language means.

Current situation and reflection of clinical trials in the field of burn medicine in China

Clinical trials are of great significance in formulating guidelines or consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of burns. However, the innate advantages of clinical trials in the field of burn medicine in China have not been translated into evidence-based medical data. Our research group counted the literature published in major academic journals in the field of burn medicine at home and abroad from 2010 to 2020 in Chinese and English databases, and found that the number and proportion of clinical trials in the field of burn medicine published in Chinese journals were generally lower than those in English journals. Moreover, the number and proportion of clinical trials in the field of burn medicine published in Chinese journals were lower than those in the field of critical care medicine. On this basis, our research group statistically analyzed the registration status of clinical trials in the field of burn medicine from 2010 to 2020, and found that the registration volume and completion volume of clinical trials in the field of burn medicine in China were not only lower than those in the field of burn medicine in the United States, but also lower than those in the field of critical care medicine in China. The reasons for insufficient clinical trials in the field of burn medicine may be the decrease in the incidence of burns, the decrease in the number of burn specialists and their low income, and the lack of burn research talents. It is necessary for China to integrate the advantages of clinical resources in the field of burn medicine, strengthen clinical trial research, and improve the discourse power in the international community.

Timing of treatment in osteosarcoma: challenges and perspectives – a scoping review

BackgroundThe timing of events in the management of osteosarcoma may be critical for patient survivorship; however, the prognostic value of factors such as onset of symptoms or initiation of therapy in these patients has not been studied. This study sought to review the literature reporting treatment of osteosarcoma to determine the utility of event timing as a prognostic indicator. Due to significant heterogeneity in the literature, this study was conducted as a scoping review to assess the current state of the literature, identify strengths and weaknesses in current reporting practices, and to propose avenues for future improvement.Main bodyThis review screened 312 peer-reviewed studies of osteosarcoma in any anatomic location published in an English journal for reporting of an event timing metric of any kind in a population of 6 or more. Thirty-seven studies met inclusion/exclusion criteria and were assessed for level of evidence, quality, and event timing metric. Reviewers also collated: publication year, population size, population age, tumor site, tumor type, surgical treatment, and adjuvant medical treatment. Extracted event timing data were further characterized using nine standardized categories to enable systematic analysis. The reporting of event timing in the treatment of osteosarcoma was incomplete and heterogenous. Only 37 of 312 (11.9%) screened studies reported event timing in any capacity. The period between patient-reported symptom initiation and definitive diagnosis was the most reported (17/37, 45.9%). Symptom duration was the second most reported period (10/37, 27.0%). Event timing was typically reported incidentally and was never rigorously incorporated into data analysis or discussion. No studies considered the impact of event timing on a primary outcome. The six largest studies were assessed in detail to identify pearls for future researchers. Notable shortcomings included the inadequate reporting of the definition of an event timing period and the pooling of patients into poorly defined timing groups.ConclusionsInconsistent reporting of event timing in osteosarcoma treatment prevents the development of clinically useful conclusions despite evidence to suggest event timing is a useful prognostic indicator. Consensus guidelines are necessary to improve uniformity and utility in the reporting of event timing.

Conversation analysis in social work research: a scoping review

Given the emphasis on communication in social work, the empirical study of social work interactions is an important area for research. By examining recordings of naturally occurring social interaction and analysing participants’ practices in close detail, conversation analysis (CA) provides rigorous resources for understanding the practical challenges and opportunities of professional intervention. Since the origins of CA in the 1970s, this approach has been used for investigating interactions in a wide range of institutional domains. Based on articles published in peer-reviewed journals in English, this scoping review maps the development of CA in social work research. The review gives an overview of the institutional contexts, professional groups and client groups that have been investigated using CA methods, as well as how their interactional practices have been examined. We show contributions of CA to understanding social work in terms of specific interactional practices, how practitioners accomplish challenging institutional activities in interactions and how theories and ideals about interactions relate to social work practice. The review highlights research gaps concerning clients’ resources for pursuing agendas, embodied conduct in social work, contributions to the cumulative body of CA research and implications for practice. We discuss these findings in relation to CA as a relatively new approach in social work research and the challenges which CA may need to address to become a more integrated part of social work research and practice.

The Representation of Causality and Causation with Ontologies: A Systematic Literature Review.

To explore how disease-related causality is formally represented in current ontologies and identify their potential limitations. We conducted a systematic literature search on eight databases (PubMed, Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engendering (IEEE Xplore), Association for Computing Machinery (ACM), Scopus, Web of Science databases, Ontobee, OBO Foundry, and Bioportal. We included studies published between January 1, 1970, and December 9, 2020, that formally represent the notions of causality and causation in the medical domain using ontology as a representational tool. Further inclusion criteria were publication in English and peer-reviewed journals or conference proceedings. Two authors (SS, RM) independently assessed study quality and performed content analysis using a modified validated extraction grid with pre-established categorization. The search strategy led to a total of 8,501 potentially relevant papers, of which 50 met the inclusion criteria. Only 14 out of 50 (28%) specified the nature of causation, and only 7 (14%) included clear and non-circular natural language definitions. Although several theories of causality were mentioned, none of the articles offers a widely accepted conceptualization of how causation and causality can be formally represented. No current ontology captures the wealth of available concepts of causality. This provides an opportunity for the development of a formal ontology of causation/causality.

Beyond BASICS: A scoping review of novel intervention content to enhance the efficacy of brief alcohol interventions for emerging adults.

Brief motivational interventions (BMIs) that include personalized drinking feedback delivered in a motivational interviewing (MI) style have demonstrated reductions in drinking across numerous clinical trials with emerging adults (EAs) ages 18-25. However, effect sizes for these BMIs are generally small to moderate and drinking reductions are often not maintained beyond short-term follow-ups. Additionally, EAs may be more interested in approaches that highlight wellness, mood enhancement, or goal pursuit rather than programs focused exclusively on reducing alcohol-related risk. Thus, there is a need to evaluate novel intervention content as an alternative or supplement to BMIs in this high-risk population. This scoping review examined studies of novel intervention elements to reduce alcohol consumption among EAs. Eligible studies were published in peer-reviewed journals in English from January 2015 to September 2021 and evaluated novel brief interventions, operationalized as one to five sessions focused on alcohol-related outcomes with key content beyond what has typically been included in alcohol BMIs. Results were categorized as additions to BMIs or stand-alone interventions and were synthesized within these categories by theoretical approach. Although standard in-person BMIs have the greatest empirical support, there are a variety of alternative intervention approaches that might enhance health and wellness and that can be feasibly integrated with BMIs or offered as an appealing "gateway" to increase help-seeking among EAs who drink alcohol. More research is needed to empirically evaluate both the relative efficacy of supplements and stand-alone alternatives to BMI among higher risk EAs and their potential for widespread dissemination. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta: The first English language medical journal in India.

Transactions of the Medical and Physical Society of Calcutta: The first English language medical journal in India.

Role of Bi-exponential diffusion-weighted model (IVIM) in breast cancer differentiation and comparison of curve fitting methods

Objective: The current meta-analysis aimed to analyze all published results about the diagnostic performance of intravoxel incoherent motion (IVIM) to assess the differential diagnosis between malignant and benign breast cancer and comparison of curve fitting methods. Methods: PubMed and Embase databases were systematically searched to find relevant articles published until November2021 in English journals. Studies were evaluated in accordance with inclusion and exclusion standards. We evaluated study heterogeneity and publication bias. Using a bivariate model, aggregated summary values of sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve were derived for each related parameters of the intravoxel incoherent motion (true diffusivity [D], pseudo-diffusivity [D*], perfusion fraction [f]). Subgroup analysis was employed to investigate the impact of various field strengths and b values. Results: From 25 eligible studies, 2391 lesions (1652 malignant and 653 benign) were included. Publication bias was evident for studies that evaluated parameters of the intravoxel incoherent motion (D, D*, and f). Significant heterogeneity (P 0.05) was present for all parameters. The pooled sensitivity, specificity and area under the curve for f was 0.78, 0.69, and 0.83, respectively. D* was 0.69, 0.63, and 0.72, respectively.

Influence of Hybrid Pedagogical Models on Learning Outcomes in Physical Education: A Systematic Literature Review.

Hybrid implementation of pedagogical models (PMs) helps to overcome the limitations of a single pedagogical model (PM) when it comes to improving student learning outcomes in physical education (PE). Empirical research on hybridizations has grown substantially in recent years, so the purpose of this study was to conduct a systematic review on the effects and mechanisms of different hybridizations on students’ learning outcomes (i.e., motor, cognitive, affective, and social) in PE. Electronic databases, including ERIC, SCOPUS, EBSCO host, and Web of Science, were used to select intervention studies. After inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 17 high-quality studies, published in English peer-reviewed journals, were assessed. Results show that there were seven different hybrid models having impacts on students’ learning outcomes, which could be divided into four categories: (1) game performance and technical skills; (2) understanding of tactics and decision-making abilities; (3) motivation, autonomy, and confidence; (4) interpersonal skills, cooperative learning ability, and responsibility. Length of implementation and teachers’ familiarity were the main factors that limit the implementation on hybridizations. Future research should consider quasi-experiments with control groups of hybrids versus single models to figure out the advantages of the hybrid model over the single model; including more evidence from different schools, regions, and countries is necessary.

CLRM-18 SCREEN FAILURES IN PHASE III GLIOBLASTOMA CLINICAL TRIALS

Glioblastoma (GBM) remains the most common and lethal malignant primary brain tumor in adult patients, with median overall survival ranging from 7 to 22 months. National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines encourage participation in clinical trials for both newly diagnosed and recurrent GBM patients. Multiple phase II trials in GBM have yielded promising, positive results, but the translation to phase III results is lacking and has failed to make strides in improving outcomes. These phase III trials universally require many participants, and the expenditure of phase III clinical trials is quite significant, with the median being 21.4 million dollars. With a paucity of ground-breaking phase III clinical trials and the cost expenditure to perform them, understanding screen failures in GBM clinical trials along with an evaluation of causes of screen failures is warranted. Using both ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed, phase III clinical trials in GBM patients published from 1994 to 2021 were queried. This search, initially in ClinicalTrials.gov, involved using the terms: “glioblastoma” and “GBM” with filters “phase III,” “interventional,” “completed,” “suspended,” and “terminated.” This search was cross-referenced with PubMed for published full articles in English peer-reviewed journals. Fifty-one studies were identified, and 21 out of 51 were appropriate for evaluation of screen failures, with 15 being for newly diagnosed GBM and six being for recurrent GBM. Nine out of 21 (42.9%) did not publish information on screen failures, and in the remaining 12 studies, proportions of screen failures ranged from 0-84.0% for newly diagnosed studies and 9.2-23.2% for recurrent studies, with a combined median percentage of 28.9%. In this analysis, over one-fourth of patients screen failed for GBM clinical trials. Thus, it is prudent to explore the causes of these screen failures, their implications on clinical trial design, and their impact on patient outcomes clinically, financially, and holistically.